Bat Roosts in Rock

This guide provides descriptions of when the species of bats resident in British and Ireland use natural and man-made rock habitats, how they use them, and the environment each species occupies within them. This data is part of the Bat Rock Habitat Key project. For the first time it brings together a) historic scientific investigations; b) useful photographic accounts; and c) open access biological records, in a practical narrative. The text encompasses: - Descriptions of the features that a climber, caver or professional ecologist might encounter on and in natural and man-made rock habitats, and within which bats have been recorded roosting. - Recording criteria for both the physical and environmental attributes of different features and situations. - The identification of suitability thresholds against which the recorded information can be compared to assess the likelihood that a specific feature might be exploited by a specific bat species. - Some suggestions for how to avoid mistakes and misery when performing a survey. The idea is that the use of the book will generate standardised biological records that will feed into the online database at www.batrockhabitatkey.co.uk. This data will be analysed to search for patterns that can increase the confidence in the suitability thresholds, build new roost features that deliver the environment each species really wants; their fundamental niche on each environmental gradient.

Evaluation of COVID-19 Restrictions on Distance Runners' Training Habits Using Wearable Trackers

The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruption to many individuals' lifestyles. Social distancing restrictions implemented during this global pandemic may bring potential impact on physical activity habits of the general population. However, running is one of the most popular forms of physical activity worldwide and one in which it could be maintained even during most COVID-19 restrictions. We aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on runners' training habits through analyzing the training records obtained from their GPS enabled wearable trackers. Retrospective and prospective data were collected from an online database (https://wetrac.ucalgary.ca). Runners' training habits, including frequency, intensity and duration of training, weekly mileage and running locations were analyzed and compared 9 months before and after the start of COVID-19 restrictions in March 2020. We found that runners ran 3 km per week more (p = 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.12) after the start of COVID-19 restrictions, and added 0.3 training sessions per week (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.14). Moreover, runners ran an additional 0.4 sessions outdoors (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.21) but there was no significant change in the intensity or duration of training sessions. Our findings suggested that runners adopted slightly different training regimen as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. Our results described the collective changes, irrespective of differences in response measures adopted by various countries or cities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Comparative Study of the Application of Different Commercial Software for Topology Optimization

Topology optimization (TO) has been a popular design method among CAD designers in the last decades. This method optimizes the given design domain by minimizing/maximizing one or more objective functions, such as the structure’s stiffness, and at the same time, respecting the given constraints like the volume or the weight reduction. For this reason, the companies providing the commercial CAD/FEM platforms have taken this design trend into account and, thus, have included TO in their products over the last years. However, it is not clear which features, algorithms, or, in other words, possibilities the CAD designers do have using these software platforms. A comparative study among the most applied topology optimization software was conducted for this research paper. First, the authors developed an online database of the identified TO software in the form of a table. Interested CAD designers can access and edit its content, contributing in this way to the creation of an updated library of the available TO software. In addition, a deeper comparison among three commercial software platforms—SolidWorks, ANSYS Mechanical, and ABAQUS—was implemented using three common case studies—(1) a bell crank lever, (2) a pillow bracket, and (3) a small bridge. These models were designed, optimized, and validated numerically, as well as compared for their strength. Finally, the above software was evaluated with respect to optimization time, optimized designs, and TO possibilities and features.

Kajian Sistematis: Perkembangan Sistem Pembayaran Kapitasi Berbasis Penyesuaian Risiko di Berbagai Negara

Kapitasi merupakan salah satu metode pembayaran yang dilakukan kepada penyedia layanan kesehatan primer. Penerapan kapitasi yang tidak berdasarkan penyesuaian risiko dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif. Terdapat beberapa bentuk penyesuaian risiko terhadap pembayaran kapitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan sistem pembayaran kapitasi dengan penyesuaian risiko pada pelayanan primer yang digunakan di beberapa negara. Penyusunan kajian sistematis ini menggunakan metode PRISMA. Kajian sistematis dilakukan dengan mengambil artikel dari tiga online database yaitu Pubmed, EBSCOhost Medline, dan Scopus. Dari 212 artikel yang diperoleh, terdapat 7 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Kajian sistematis difokuskan pada model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko. Didapatkan model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko dari yang sederhana hingga yang kompleks. Kesimpulan dari kajian sistematis ini yaitu faktor risiko yang paling sering dipakai adalah usia dan jenis kelamin. Model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko terus mengalami perkembangan sehingga penting untuk melakukan pembaharuan dan penyesuaian secara berkala. Dengan melihat berbagai kelebihan yang ada dalam penerapan model sistem pembayaran kapitasi berbasis penyesuaian risiko tersebut, dapat menjadi acuan bagi negara yang ingin mendapatkan formulasi kebijakan kapitasi dengan penyesuaian risiko yang paling tepat untuk diterapkan sesuai dengan kondisi masing-masing negara.

An intron SNP rs2069837 in IL-6 is associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head development

Background Genetic polymorphisms play a crucial role in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study mainly explored the association of IL-6 variants and ONFH susceptibility among the Chinese Han population. Methods Two variants (rs2069837, and rs13306435) in the IL-6 gene were identified and genotyped from 566 patients with ONFH and 566 healthy controls. The associations between IL-6 polymorphisms and ONFH susceptibility were assessed using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) via logistic regression. The potential function of these two variants was predicted by the HaploReg online database. Results The results of the overall analysis revealed that IL-6 rs2069837 was correlated with decreased risk of ONFH among the Chinese Han population (p < 0.05). In stratified analysis, rs2069837 also reduced the susceptibility to ONFH in older people (> 51 years), males, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers (p < 0.05). However, no associations between rs13306435 and ONFH susceptibility were observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions To sum up, we suggested that rs2069837 G>A polymorphism in the IL-6 gene was significantly associated with a decreased risk of ONFH among the Chinese Hans. These findings underscored the crucial role of IL-6 rs2069837 in the occurrence of ONFH.

LBGTQ+ Books Within Middle School Libraries and How Librarians Promote These LGBTQ+ Books to Students

This mixed methods study allowed the researchers to explore the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ+) materials available in public middle school libraries and to interview six middle school librarians about their perceptions on “caring about and caring for” in order to provide middle school students with LGBTQ+ books. The study took place in one Texas school district. The quantitative data came from the middle school libraries' online database to determine how many LGBTQ+-themed young-adult books were found in each of the 12 school libraries. The findings revealed that the middle-school libraries offered very few LGBTQ+-themed books for students to checkout. The qualitative data came from interviewing six middle school librarians. Their stories revealed two critical themes toward LGBTQ+ books within their school library: (1) librarians' perceptions and reactions to students' needs and (2) librarians' perceptions and reactions regarding silence within the district.

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON THE DISSEMINATION OF COVID -19 VACCINE MISINFORMATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA

In recent years, COVID-19 vaccine-related issues and viewpoints have aroused significant anxiety and concern. Several research studies are extracting, tracking, and evaluating prevalent public opinions on social media and making efforts to curb the misinformation spread. But, there is still a large audience that perceives vaccination as a threat, which in turn reduces our ability to fight effectively against the pandemic. This bibliometric study aims to explore the distribution of capabilities of researchers, institutions, and countries, research themes, and frontiers of Covid-19 vaccine-related misinformation trending on social media since the rollout of these vaccines. The Scopus online database was used for analysis. Excel 2016 and VOSViewer (version 1.6.17) software were used to report the visualizations of infodemic literature on COVID Vaccine on social media. Annual publications, top contributing authors, top-cited journals and author affiliation, leading subject areas, the top country in publication, and keyword network were among the key findings. Future researchers can use these findings to create a baseline before studying Covid-19 vaccine misinformation on social media. Furthermore, it may help in compiling crucial knowledge, trends, and lessons from existing researches to provide useful insights to handle similar phenomena in the future.

A GIS-based AHP Method for Groundwater Potential Zone Assessment: A Review

Scientific and academic researches and studies trying to present a multi-range of techniques and methods focusing on groundwater pollution, potentials, assessment, and prediction, Groundwater is the most important resource of fresh water now and many researchers trying to cover all about this resource to get sustainable development. This review aims to create an overview of groundwater analysis and forecasting methods. The study is based on the need to select and group research papers into best-defined methodological categories. The article gives an overview of recent advancements in groundwater potential zone analysis approaches, as well as ongoing research objectives based on that overview. This review has overviewed papers and researches been published last decade 2010 -2020 have been done depending on the data sources from the global online database, which could obtain many papers and research studying the groundwater potential zones and other aspects related to groundwater. The aim of reviewing multiple types of research and papers on determining groundwater potential zones by applying the best techniques and selecting the most suitable factors that affect groundwater potential zones.