scholarly journals Everything Is A Circle: A New Universal Orbital Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AslıPınar Tan
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Circular Orbits ◽  
Orbital Parameters ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Angular Velocities

Based on measured astronomical position data of heavenly objects in the Solar System and other planetary systems, all bodies in space seem to move in some kind of elliptical motion with respect to each other. According to Kepler’s 1st Law, “orbit of a planet with respect to the Sun is an ellipse, with the Sun at one of the two foci.” Orbit of the Moon with respect to Earth is also distinctly elliptical, but this ellipse has a varying eccentricity as the Moon comes closer to and goes farther away from the Earth in a harmonic style along a full cycle of this ellipse. In this paper, our research results are summarized, where it is first mathematically shown that the “distance between points around any two different circles in three dimensional space” is equivalent to the “distance of points around a vector ellipse to another fixed or moving point, as in two dimensional space”. What is done is equivalent to showing that bodies moving on two different circular orbits in space vector wise behave as if moving on an elliptical path with respect to each other, and virtually seeing each other as positioned at an instantaneously stationary point in space on their relative ecliptic plane, whether they are moving with the same angular velocity, or different but fixed angular velocities, or even with different and changing angular velocities with respect to their own centers of revolution. This mathematical revelation has the potential to lead to far reaching discoveries in physics, enabling more insight into forces of nature, with a formulation of a new fundamental model regarding the motions of bodies in the Universe, including the Sun, Planets, and Satellites in the Solar System and elsewhere, as well as at particle and subatomic level. Based on the demonstrated mathematical analysis, as they exhibit almost fixed elliptic orbits relative to one another over time, the assertion is made that the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon must each be revolving in their individual circular orbits of revolution in space. With this expectation, individual orbital parameters of the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon are calculated based on observed Earth to Sun and Earth to Moon distance data, also using analytical methods developed as part of this research to an approximation. This calculation and analysis process have revealed additional results aligned with observation, and this also supports our assertion that the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon must actually be revolving in individual circular orbits.

scholarly journals Libration of the Moon: shape of the Earth and motion of the ecliptic plane

1986 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
M. Moons
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Field ◽  
Spherical Harmonics ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Lunar Gravity ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Gravity Field ◽  
The Earth

Very accurate theories of the libration of the Moon have been recently built by Migus (1980), Eckhardt (1981, 1982) and Moons (1982, 1984). All of them take into account the perturbation due to the Earth and the Sun on the motion of a rigid Moon about its center of mass. Additional perturbations (influence of the planets, shape of the Earth, elasticity of the Moon, …) are also often included.We present here the perturbations due to the shape of the Earth and the motion of the ecliptic plane on our theory which already contains planetary perturbations. This theory is completely analytical with respect to the harmonic coefficients of the lunar gravity field which is expanded in spherical harmonics up to the fourth order. The ELP 2000 solution (Chapront and Chapront-Touzé, 1983) supplies us with the motion of the center of mass of the Moon.

scholarly journals Changing inclination of earth satellites using the gravity of the moon

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla de Souza Torres ◽  
A. F. B. A. Prado
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Close Approach ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Plane Change ◽  
Patched Conics ◽  
Time Required

We analyze the problem of the orbital control of an Earth's satellite using the gravity of the Moon. The main objective is to study a technique to decrease the fuel consumption of a plane change maneuver to be performed in a satellite that is in orbit around the Earth. The main idea of this approach is to send the satellite to the Moon using a single-impulsive maneuver, use the gravity field of the Moon to make the desired plane change of the trajectory, and then return the satellite to its nominal semimajor axis and eccentricity using a bi-impulsive Hohmann-type maneuver. The satellite is assumed to start in a Keplerian orbit in the plane of the lunar orbit around the Earth and the goal is to put it in a similar orbit that differs from the initial orbit only by the inclination. A description of the close-approach maneuver is made in the three-dimensional space. Analytical equations based on the patched conics approach are used to calculate the variation in velocity, angular momentum, energy, and inclination of the satellite. Then, several simulations are made to evaluate the savings involved. The time required by those transfers is also calculated and shown.

Basic Solar and Planetary Properties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Chance ◽  
Randall V. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
Planetary Atmospheres ◽  
Hydrostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth

Basic properties of the Sun, the Earth and its atmosphere, other solar system atmospheres, and extrasolar planetary atmospheres are introduced here to provide background and context for the detailed study of the spectroscopy and radiative transfer of planetary atmospheres. Solar structure is described, including the solar cycle and variability, and a reference solar irradiance is presented. The Earth’s orbit, the seasons, and the ecliptic plane are introduced. The properties of hydrostatic equilibrium, albedo, and spectral reflectance are described. Earth’s atmospheric composition, including aerosols and gases, is summarized. Other atmospheres in the solar system are described and the growing field of extrasolar planets detection and characterization introduced.

scholarly journals Squeezing of the Super-Elastic Double-Helix Photon in the Gravitational Field (Hidden in Very-Well Known Old Formulae). Pound - Rebka - Snider Effect Studied by the Advanced LIGO Instrument, Pioneer Anomaly and CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) (23.11.201

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jiri Stavek
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Squeeze Rate ◽  
Squeeze Effect

In our approach we have combined knowledge of Old Masters (working in this field before the year 1905), New Masters (working in this field after the year 1905) and Dissidents under the guidance of Louis de Broglie and David Bohm. Based on the great experimental work of Robert Pound, Glen A. Rebka and J.L. Snider we have proposed a squeezing of the super-elastic double-helix photon in the gravitational field. We have newly defined the squeeze rate of that photon particle on the helical path. We have inserted this squeeze rate into the very-well old formulae of Newton, Soldner, Gerber and Einstein and might glimpse traces of the quantum gravity. The squeeze rate of photons can be studied in details using the Great instrument - the Advanced LIGO - located on the surface of the Earth (USA, Italy, Japan). The observed strains on the level 5*10-19 should be caused by the gravitational field of our Earth. The observed strains on the level 5*10-22 should be caused by the gravitational fields of the Moon and the Sun. We estimate that the experimental value of the gravitational constant G studied by the LIGO instrument can achieve the accuracy to the level of ppb (parts per billion) after the removal of those strains from the measured signal and the removal of the gravitational influences of the Earth, the Moon, the Sun, Venus and Jupiter. To study the squeeze effect on a bigger scale we propose to analyze the Pioneer anomaly where Pioneer´s photons have been flying around the planets in our Solar system causing the squeeze effect - the anomalous blueshift. Similarly, we can study cosmic microwave photons flying around the objects in our Solar system that might create “the axis of evil” - temperature fluctuations in the CMB map (Wien displacement law). Can we prepare in our Solar system “tired” light by frequent blueshift - redshift transitions? Can it be that Nature cleverly inserted the squeeze rate into our very-well known Old Formulae? We want to pass this concept into the hands of Readers of this Journal better educated in the Mathematics and Physics.

Measuring the CosmosParallax and the Transit of Venus

Lightspeed ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
John C. H. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
System P

A review of the methods the ancient Greeks used to measure the distances between the Earth and the Sun, and the Earth and the Moon, and the size of the Earth, and the lives of the personalities involved. The remarkable Jeremiah Horrocks. He was the first observer in 1639 of a transit of Venus to use it to deduce the distance from the Earth to the Sun, using the method of parallax, which is simply explained. The story of Halley’s proposal for the first international collaboration to observe a transit in 1671 and of his life. The adventures and misadventures of those who set out around the globe for this and the later transit observations of 1769, including Captain Cook in Tahiti. These produced the first reasonably accurate dimensions for our solar system.

scholarly journals Discoveries in the Solar System

1997 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Suzanne Débarbat
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Stellar Parallax

The subject of IAU Colloquium 165 and the year 1996, which is the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the planet Neptune, give the opportunity to recall facts which have led to the discovery of three new major planets in the Solar System.Five planets plus the Earth, the Sun and the Moon were the only permanent objects known in the Solar System from Antiquity up to the 17th century when Galileo (1564–1642) discovered four new bodies around Jupiter.The question of the dimensions of the Solar System and the distances of the stars soon became one of the main problems. From the parallax of Mars J.-D. Cassini (1625–1712) deduced the diameter of the Earth’s orbit and the astronomers attempted to determine the stellar parallax at six-month intervals at the Paris and Greenwich Observatories, leading Bradley (1693–1762) to the discoveries of aberration in 1726, and nutation in 1745.

The motion of a lunar orbiter

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Y. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Close Satellite ◽  
The Mean

The motion of an artificial satellite around the Moon is much more complicated than that around the Earth, since the shape of the Moon is a triaxial ellipsoid and the effect of the Earth on the motion is very important even for a very close satellite.The differential equations of motion of the satellite are written in canonical form of three degrees of freedom with time depending Hamiltonian. By eliminating short-periodic terms depending on the mean longitude of the satellite and by assuming that the Earth is moving on the lunar equator, however, the equations are reduced to those of two degrees of freedom with an energy integral.Since the mean motion of the Earth around the Moon is more rapid than the secular motion of the argument of pericentre of the satellite by a factor of one order, the terms depending on the longitude of the Earth can be eliminated, and the degree of freedom is reduced to one.Then the motion can be discussed by drawing equi-energy curves in two-dimensional space. According to these figures satellites with high inclination have large possibilities of falling down to the lunar surface even if the initial eccentricities are very small.The principal properties of the motion are not changed even if plausible values ofJ3andJ4of the Moon are included.This paper has been published in Publ. astr. Soc.Japan15, 301, 1963.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

The Origin of the Moon and its Relationship to the Origin of the Solar System

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C. Urey
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

During the last 10 years, the writer has presented evidence indicating that the Moon was captured by the Earth and that the large collisions with its surface occurred within a surprisingly short period of time. These observations have been a continuous preoccupation during the past years and some explanation that seemed physically possible and reasonably probable has been sought.

scholarly journals Isotopic evidence for the formation of the Moon in a canonical giant impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune G. Nielsen ◽  
David V. Bekaert ◽  
Maureen Auro
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Giant Impact ◽  
Bulk Silicate Earth ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Isotopic Measurements ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

AbstractIsotopic measurements of lunar and terrestrial rocks have revealed that, unlike any other body in the solar system, the Moon is indistinguishable from the Earth for nearly every isotopic system. This observation, however, contradicts predictions by the standard model for the origin of the Moon, the canonical giant impact. Here we show that the vanadium isotopic composition of the Moon is offset from that of the bulk silicate Earth by 0.18 ± 0.04 parts per thousand towards the chondritic value. This offset most likely results from isotope fractionation on proto-Earth during the main stage of terrestrial core formation (pre-giant impact), followed by a canonical giant impact where ~80% of the Moon originates from the impactor of chondritic composition. Our data refute the possibility of post-giant impact equilibration between the Earth and Moon, and implies that the impactor and proto-Earth mainly accreted from a common isotopic reservoir in the inner solar system.

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