scholarly journals Return to the New Normal: Empirical Analysis of Changes in E-consumer Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Pollák ◽  
Peter Markovič ◽  
Roman Vavrek ◽  
Michal Konečný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Second Wave

The global pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has largely changed established business practices. The aim of the study is to present the results of eighteen-month intensive research into the effects of the pandemic on e-consumer behavior. In one of the most active e-commerce markets in Europe, the Czech Republic, we analyzed a sample of more than one and a half million Facebook users in terms of their C2B interactions on the B2C activities of the five major e-commerce market players. The measurements were carried out in three periods, which corresponded to the onset of the first wave, peak, and fading of the second wave of the pandemic. This enabled us to monitor the effect of seasonality and the stabilization of patterns of consumer behavior during the coronavirus crisis. The results suggest that a specific panic pattern of e-consumer behavior was developed at the time of the onset of the pandemic. However, as the pandemic progressed, the market has adapted to a new normal, which, as evidenced by the change in trends, appears to be a combination of the pre-pandemic and pandemic behavioral patterns. Using a statistical analysis, it was possible to identify delta of changes within the patterns of consumer behavior, thus fulfilling the final condition for creating an empirical model of the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on e-consumer behavior presented in this study.

scholarly journals Dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech unvaccinated population: nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Piler ◽  
Vojtěch Thon ◽  
Lenka Andrýsková ◽  
Kamil Doležel ◽  
David Kostka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Czech Republic weathered the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic with relatively low incidence, the second wave of the global pandemic saw it rank among countries bearing the greatest COVID-19 burden, both in Europe and on a worldwide scale. The aim of the nationwide prospective seroconversion (PROSECO) study was to investigate the dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Czech population.MethodsAll clients of the second largest health insurance company in the Czech Republic were sent a written invitation to participate in this longitudinal study. The study includes the first 30,054 persons who provided a blood sample between October 2020 and March 2021. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods of blood sample collection, RT-PCR test results, sociodemographic factors, and other characteristics.FindingsThe data show a dramatic increase in seropositivity over time, from 28% in October/November 2020 to 43% in December 2020/January 2021 to 51% in February/March 2021. These trends were consistent with government data on cumulative viral antigenic prevalence in the population captured by PCR testing – although the seroprevalence rates established in this study were considerably higher than those listed in government data. Data pooled across the entire study period exhibited minor differences in seropositivity between sexes, age groups and body mass index categories; results were similar between test providing laboratories. Seropositivity was substantially higher among symptomatic vs. asymptomatic persons (76% vs. 34%). At least one third of all seropositive participants were asymptomatic, and 28% participants who developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing.InterpretationAntibody response provides a better marker of past SARS-CoV-2 infection than PCR testing data. Our data on seroconversion confirm the rapidly increasing prevalence in the Czech population during the dramatically rising pandemic wave prior to the beginning of massive vaccination. The planned second and third assessment of the study participants (April 2021 – September 2021, October 2021 – March 2022) will provide valuable evidence on the seroprevalence changes following vaccination and persistence of antibodies resulting from natural infection and vaccination.Research in contextEvidence before this studySimilarly to most European countries, the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in the Czech Republic produced a relatively low incidence (86.9 confirmed cases per 100,000 persons over three months). At the peaks of the second wave, however, over 100 confirmed cases per 100,000 persons were diagnosed daily and the Czech Republic ranked among the countries with the greatest burden of COVID-19 in Europe and in the world. Only a few nationwide population-based studies have been published covering the second wave of the epidemic in Europe, and none of them from the Central and Eastern European region.Added value of this studyThe PROSECO study will provide key data from the heavily affected Central European region and contribute to the epidemiological and serological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. All 30,054 study participants were recruited between October 2020 and March 2021, thus covering all three epidemic peaks (November 2020, January and March 2021) of the second COVID-19 epidemic wave. This allows us to follow the dynamics of seroconversion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the immunologically naive and unvaccinated population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study participants will be re-assessed in the second (April 2021 – September 2021) and third (October 2021 – March 2022) PROSECO phases to further study the post-infection/post-vaccination dynamics of seroconversion in/after a period of massive vaccination.Implications of all the available evidenceData from the first phase of the PROSECO study indicate that the percentage of the population that has been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 may be substantially higher than estimates based on official data on cumulative viral positivity incidence as at least one third of seropositive participants were asymptomatic, and 28% of participants who developed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 never underwent PCR testing. Regional seroprevalence data provide key information to inform, in combination with other surveillance data, public health policies and will be instrumental for the successful management of the subsequent phases of the global pandemic.The number of seropositive participants who never underwent RT-PCR testing demonstrates the importance of serological population-based studies describing the spread and exposure to the virus in the population over time.

scholarly journals Analysis of the development of the economic account for agriculture of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
J. Klíma ◽  
M. Palát Sn
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Production Output ◽  
Net Value Added

The paper is focused on assessing the development of the economic account for agriculture of the Czech Republic in the selected reference period 1998–2003. There were evaluated effects of the particular types of the economic accounts. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and development trends were used for the mathematical-statistical analysis. The plant production output similarly as the output of agricultural industry show an increasing tendency since the period under investigation reaching a peak about 2001 and in next years decreasing in difference to the gross value added at basic prices and the net value added at basic prices which shows an increasing trend throughout the period. Both animal output and the agricultural services output show a decreasing trend reaching a minimum about 2002. 

scholarly journals Analysis of the development of export prices of selected agricultural and food commodities in the Czech Republic

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Palát ◽  
Erich Maca
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Developmental Trends ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Time Point

The paper is focused on the description of average level, variability and developmental trends the export prices of selected agricultural and food commodities in the Czech Republic with differentiation according to particular countries within the defined reference period 1993–2002. Thre is also presented the short-time point and interval extrapolation prediction of studied events. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and developmental trends were applied for the mathematical-statistical analysis.

Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bazyler ◽  
Kathryn Lee Boyd ◽  
Kristen L. Nelson ◽  
Rajika L. Shah
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Velvet Revolution ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Property Transfers ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Independent Country

During World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory comprising the modern-day Czech Republic (previously part of the independent country of Czechoslovakia), creating the Protectorate of Moravia and Bohemia. All Jews in the Protectorate became subject to German jurisdiction and anti-Jewish laws, including German laws on expropriation of Jewish property. Immediately after the war, Czechoslovakia enacted legislation invalidating property transfers made during Nazi occupation. The measures were short-lived, however, because the country fell under Communist rule that resulted in a second wave of confiscations from all persons. It was not until after the Velvet Revolution in 1989 that new immovable property restitution laws were enacted for private and communal property. The Czech Republic endorsed the Terezin Declaration in 2009 and the Guidelines and Best Practices in 2010.

scholarly journals   Consumption of beef in the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Palát ◽  
Š. Dvořáková ◽  
N. Kupková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Factors Affecting

The paper is aimed at the demand for beef. Its objective is to evaluate the development of beef consumption in the market of the Czech Republic, and particularly to identify the factors affecting the level of demand for beef. It refers to the analysis of the development of beef consumption in the Czech Republic depending on its price and costs of the selected kinds of its near substitutes, when their relationships are evaluated through their relationships are evaluated methods of regression and correlation analysis. The paper proves statistically the existence of relations among these crucial factors determining the demand. There are, of course, other factors affecting the position and tendency of a demand curve. It refers, for example, to various tastes, customs, traditions, the degree of urbanization, the possible health benefits or risks, legislation or the expected decline or increase of prices of the particular kinds of meat. All factors mentioned above cannot be, however, included into the analysis because their values are not available and many of them cannot be even quantified. Results of the statistical analysis prove the fundamental role of final consumers in forming the demand for beef, when they are above all affected by prices of beef and its substitutes.  

“The Austrians were surprised that I didn’t speak German”: The role of language in Czech-Austrian relations

Human Affairs ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Petrjánošová ◽  
Sylvie Graf
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
Two Sides

AbstractRespondents from Austria (N = 146) and the Czech Republic (N = 165) noted down their experiences with people from their neighbouring country and their attitudes to their own country and the neighbouring nation on feeling thermometers. The quantitative content analysis and qualitative critical discourse-inspired analysis of the open statements focused on the role of language in the construction of Czech-Austrian relations. Using qualitative analysis we enquired as to which themes were intertwined with the topic of language, and as to the ways in which the participants perceived themselves, the Others, behind the border, and the relations between the two sides. We looked not only into what participants said but also how they said it. Using statistical analysis we tested the link between language-related topics in the descriptions of intergroup contact and the evaluation of the neighbouring nation as a whole. Throughout the article we compare the findings obtained by the two kinds of analysis and comment on (dis)agreement as well as on the (dis)advantages of both approaches.

scholarly journals Analysis of Interrelationships between Markets of Fuels in the Visegrad Group Countries from 2016 to 2020

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6536
Author(s):  
Anna Górska ◽  
Monika Krawiec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Visegrad Group

A fuel market is an important sector of the economy and fuel prices influence the prices of numerous products and services. This paper focuses on the analysis of the interrelationships between markets of fuels in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries. The research is based on weekly prices of Pb95 gasoline and diesel in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia observed from January 2016 through December 2020. After performing the preliminary statistical analysis, the long-term relationships between the prices of fuels are investigated through application of the cointegrated regression Durbin–Watson (CRDW) test. Next, Granger causality is tested to answer the question of whether changes in prices of fuels in separate V4 countries Granger-cause changes in prices of fuels in other V4 countries. The cointegration research uses logarithmic prices, whereas causality investigation is based on their first differences. The results reveal long-term relationships between the prices of Pb95 gasoline in the Czech Republic and prices in other V4 countries as well as Granger causality flowing from diesel price changes in Poland to diesel price changes in other V4 countries and bilateral causation between changes in the prices of Pb95 gasoline in Poland, Hungary and Slovakia.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Judicial Protection against Administrative Silence in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Soňa Skulová ◽  
Lukáš Potěšil ◽  
David Hejč ◽  
Radislav Bražina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Effective Instrument ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Judicial Protection

This paper is devoted to the issue of judicial protection in case of (or against) administrative silence (inactivity) and its effectiveness on the case study of the Czech Republic. The aim of judicial protection against administrative silence is to help solving or terminating administrative silence quickly, otherwise, an imaginary vicious circle is created. The purpose of the paper is to verify whether judicial protection is indeed effective by surveying the related legislation and court practice (especially the length of proceedings) dealing with the so-called inactivity. The methods of analysis applied are normative analysis, literature review, statistical analysis of decision-making activities of courts and deduction. Our findings establish that due to the excessive length of court proceedings and incomprehensible legal regulation it is difficult to view the judicial protection against administrative silence as being a speedy and effective instrument of remediation of inactivity on the part of administrative authorities. The results can serve as a ground to compare the situation with other similar countries and to exchange best practices.

scholarly journals Education as a Value in the Pregraduate Studies of Education in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pavlína Kobzová ◽  
Jitka Plischke ◽  
Markéta Šemberová
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
A Value ◽  
Simple Statistical Analysis ◽  
Value Of Education

The paper focuses on the description of the value of education in pregraduate preparation of students of teaching disciplines in Ukraine. The aim of the text is to specify the course of preparation for the profession of teacher in the context of values from the perspective of students of selected pedagogical faculties in Ukraine. The issue of values in the pregraduate preparation of Ukrainian students of teaching is a partial part of the authors' long-term interest in the issue of education and the values of Ukrainian pupils in schools in the Czech Republic. The research is carried out using a mixed QVAN - qval design. A Likert-type scale questionnaire supplemented with semi-closed and open items was chosen as the research tool. The data are analyzed with the predominance of a simple statistical analysis with additional analysis using grounded theory.

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