Eosinophil cationic protein: controversial issues of its diagnostic value in patients with allergic diseases

Objective. To determine the effect of prolonged endurance exercise on the serum concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), immunoglobulin E (IgE) and upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS). Design. In 11 healthy, experienced volunteers (6 males, 5 females, age 43 ± 9.8 years) the serum concentrations of ECP and IgE were measured, 24 hours prior to projected finishing time, immediately post exercise (IPE), and 3 h, 24 h, and 72 h after an ultramarathon (90 km). Self-reported URTS were also recorded for 14 days after the race. ECP was measured using radioimmunoassay and IgE using the Alastat Microplate Total IgE kit. The after-exercise values were corrected for plasma volume changes, which were calculated from haematocrit and haemoglobin values. Serum concentrations of ECP and IgE were analysed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing values with before-exercise levels. Level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results. ECP was significantly elevated at 72 hours (+52%), whilst IgE was not significantly altered after the ultramarathon. There were no reported URTS for the 14 days after the race. Conclusion. The eosinophil is a pro-inflammatory leukocyte involved in bronchial hyperreactivity and allergic inflammation of the airways. IgE is associated with allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. Serum ECP is a sensitive marker of eosinophil activation. The result provides evidence for the non-allergic activation of blood eosinophils during prolonged endurance exercise. Whether this indicates exercise or environmentally induced airway inflammation, or a role for ECP in muscle /tissue repair, are hypotheses that require additional research. SA Sports Medicine Vol.16(2) 2004: 12-16

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Development and pilot evaluation of a novel probiotic mixture for the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w10-061 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 730-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Tara Koyama ◽

Pirkka V. Kirjavainen ◽

Cale Fisher ◽

Kingsley Anukam ◽

Kelly Summers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cationic Protein ◽

Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽

Probiotic Group

Microbial exposure may direct the immune system away from allergic-type responses, but until now probiotic interventions have had limited success in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. In this study, a novel probiotic mixture was specifically created based on preliminary in vitro investigations on pollen-induced immune responses. A mixture with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and a novel fecal Bifidobacterium adolescentis isolate was formulated into a yogurt and tested for its effects in 36 subjects with allergic rhinitis over 2 pollen seasons in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The new formulation was well tolerated, but did not have significant effects on the quality of life scores, use of antihistamines, or eosinophil cationic protein concentration in nasal lavage. However, at the end of the grass pollen season, serum IL-10 and IL-12 levels were increased in the probiotic group compared to the controls. During the ragweed season, the serum TGF-β levels were significantly higher in the probiotic group than in the controls. In conclusion, the novel probiotic formulation had potentially desirable effects on the cytokine profile of patients with allergic rhinitis, but provided few clinical benefits. The study highlights the challenges in designing efficient immunomodulatory probiotic therapies based upon in vitro findings.

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Non-allergic activation of eosinophils after strenuous endurance exercise

South African Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.17159/2078-516x/2004/v16i2a182 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AJ McKune ◽

LL Smith ◽

SJ Semple ◽

AA Wadee

Keyword(s):

Endurance Exercise ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽

Allergic Inflammation ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Cationic Protein ◽

Level Of Significance

Objective. To determine the effect of prolonged endurance exercise on the serum concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), immunoglobulin E (IgE) and upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS). Design. In 11 healthy, experienced volunteers (6 males, 5 females, age 43 ± 9.8 years) the serum concentrations of ECP and IgE were measured, 24 hours prior to projected finishing time, immediately post exercise (IPE), and 3 h, 24 h, and 72 h after an ultramarathon (90 km). Self-reported URTS were also recorded for 14 days after the race. ECP was measured using radioimmunoassay and IgE using the Alastat Microplate Total IgE kit. The after-exercise values were corrected for plasma volume changes, which were calculated from haematocrit and haemoglobin values. Serum concentrations of ECP and IgE were analysed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing values with before-exercise levels. Level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results. ECP was significantly elevated at 72 hours (+52%), whilst IgE was not significantly altered after the ultramarathon. There were no reported URTS for the 14 days after the race. Conclusion. The eosinophil is a pro-inflammatory leukocyte involved in bronchial hyperreactivity and allergic inflammation of the airways. IgE is associated with allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. Serum ECP is a sensitive marker of eosinophil activation. The result provides evidence for the non-allergic activation of blood eosinophils during prolonged endurance exercise. Whether this indicates exercise or environmentally induced airway inflammation, or a role for ECP in muscle /tissue repair, are hypotheses that require additional research. SA Sports Medicine Vol.16(2) 2004: 12-16

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Induction of remission in chronic urticaria by immunotherapy using immunoglobulin/histamine complex (Histobulin™): a case report

Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1186/s13223-021-00612-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyuk Soon Kim ◽

Geunwoong Noh

Keyword(s):

Chronic Urticaria ◽

Symptom Control ◽

Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Early Response ◽

Remission Induction ◽

Blood Eosinophil ◽

Late Response ◽

Rapid Improvement ◽

Cationic Protein

Abstract Background Symptom control is a major concern in chronic urticaria. Histobulin™ is a histamine/immunoglobulin complex that has been approved for allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and chronic urticaria in some countries. Not only has the immunoglobulin/histamine complex been reported to be effective in allergic diseases, including chronic urticaria, but recently, the possibility of remission induction in chronic urticaria by the immunoglobulin/histamine complex has been reported. Case presentation Histobulin™ was administered until remission was induced instead of fixing the number of administrations in four cases of chronic urticaria. Two patients showed an early response and finished treatment with 12 injections of Histobulin™, and the other two patients showed a late response and were injected 43 and 46 times. Remission was induced successfully in all four cases. Conclusions Histobulin™ is not only effective but also induces remission in CSU. The Histobulin™ therapy protocol in CSU may be better if the treatment is continued until remission is achieved. Based on the responses of the patients, early responders and late responders were present. The progression of the disease during treatment consisted of a slow improvement phase and a rapid improvement phase. Uniquely, the appropriate allergy laboratory results, including blood eosinophil fraction, total IgE and eosinophil cationic protein level, were normal in all 4 cases. Further studies concerning the mechanisms of Histobulin™ may be needed.

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Enhanced apoptotic activity in allergic diseases and its relationship with eosinophil cationic protein, systemic inflammation, and severity of atopic sensitisation

Archives of Medical Science ◽

10.5114/aoms.2020.96346 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jong Weon Choi ◽

Moon Hee Lee ◽

Tatsuyoshi Fujii

Keyword(s):

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Cationic Protein ◽

Apoptotic Activity

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Mycoplasma pneumoniaeInfection in Children Is a Risk Factor for Developing Allergic Diseases

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/986527 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Qing Ye ◽

Xiao-Jun Xu ◽

Wen-Xia Shao ◽

Yan-Xiang Pan ◽

Xue-Jun Chen

Keyword(s):

Immunoglobulin E ◽

Eosinophil Cationic Protein ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Cationic Protein ◽

Serum Ige ◽

Th2 Cytokine ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Relationship

Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) infection is the dominant cause of pneumonia in children. We sought to determine the relationship between MP infection and secondary allergic disease and to clarify the associated mechanisms of inflammatory response. A prospective study was performed among 1330 patients diagnosed with pneumonia to investigate the patient immune status by determining the correlation between MP infection, immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and a spectrum of associated serum cytokines. Serum IgE, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels for MPP patients in the acute phase were obviously higher than those in the recovery phase (P<0.01). MPP patients with allergic conditions had increased serum IgE levels and increased IL-4/INF-γratio, and IgE and Eosinophil Cationic Protein were further elevated in patients who eventually developed secondary asthma changes. Patients with severe pneumonia and high clinical pulmonary infection scores presented higher levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in serum than those with low scores (P<0.01). The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that secreted IL-4 was significantly increased in MPP patients with elevated IgE. Our data demonstrate a significant correlation between MP infection and IgE levels, which is associated with a Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance.

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