scholarly journals RESEARCH TRENDS IN JAPANESE ON CHINESE AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT (FOCUSING ON PERIOD AFTER RURAL REFORM IN 1978)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Bai Suxiang
Keyword(s):  
Farm Management ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Chinese Agriculture ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Agriculture Management

The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of the Japanese research trend on Chinese family farm management published after the Chinese rural reform in 1978.The whole 152 articles were collected under the keyword of Chinese Agriculture Management through CiNii that is the most reliable academic information database in Japan. Based on article productivity the study extracted the four stage of research development: incubating stage, growing stage, peak stage, and stabilizing mature stage. Research subject categorization unveiled two general research frameworks: macro approach framework and micro approach framework. In the macro framework, farm management is structurally grasped under the relationship with external or environmental conditions surrounding farm management entities. In the micro framework farm management is grasped within internal structural relationship of family based on inputs (land and labor) and output (income).  For solving the weakness of Chinese family farm holding a small land, the study extracted two strategic frameworks of integration in farm management: agricultural industrialization and farm cooperative movement. The former is a vertical integration and the latter is a horizontal integration of farm management. Those integrations of farm management require not only macro and micro level research but also mezzo(middle) approach which focuses on the relationships between community or village and farm family. Especially this mezzo approach is important to understand the reality of farm management under the on-going situation in which many farm families depend on both agriculture and non-agriculture jobs. The fact that the dates for publications in China are limited at the macro-level of nation, province and city has created the research tendency towards bipolar differentiation in macro and micro level research. Thus mezzo-level research on towns and villages has become more important.

scholarly journals An intergenerational farm transfer: when to start handing over the reins?

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Iuliia Tetteh ◽  
Michael Boehlje
Keyword(s):  
Farm Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Master's Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Finance ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Family ◽  
Farm Transfer

This case illustrates a challenging management decision faced by the family farm: when should they bring the younger generation to the farm full-time? Under consideration is a critical trade-off between the firm’s growth and transfer tax implications that drives the farm transfer decision. Industry practitioners and students are asked to use the results of the intergenerational farm transfer simulation model to evaluate this trade-off and provide an effective recommendation. The case can be used as part of succession/estate planning workshops attended by agricultural producers, farm managers, agricultural lenders, as well as in Master’s level courses in agricultural finance and farm management.

中国农业资本化的动力: 公司、国家、还是农户?

Rural China ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-65 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Farm ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Capitalist Firm ◽  
Peasant Household ◽  
Firm Investments ◽  
Chinese Agriculture ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Chinese agriculture has undergone a quiet transformation in the past fifteen years. The “old agriculture” of grain, cotton, and oil crops has seen a tremendous rise in uses of machinery (and also farm chemicals) to save labor. At the same time, the capital and labor dual-intensifying “new agriculture” of higher-value products—vegetables, fruit, meat, poultry, fish—has expanded greatly. These changes have been accompanied by substantial declines in the number of people working in agriculture. Together, the changes add up to a high degree of “capitalization” (i.e., increased capital inputs per unit labor) in Chinese agriculture. This article presents detailed quantitative evidence for these commonly neglected changes. Contrary to conventional assumptions, the capitalization has been powered principally by peasant household investments, more than state or capitalist firm investments. This fact points to the need to rely more on peasant initiative in the future, by providing greater state guidance and support for peasant family farm-based endeavors, rather than strongly favoring “dragon head” enterprises as in the past decade. (This article is in English.) 摘要 过去15年间，中国农业经历了悄然但巨大的变化。“旧农业”（粮食、棉花、油料作物）大量使用机械及农药以节约劳动。与此同时，资本与劳动双密集的“新农业”（主要是高产值的蔬菜、水果、肉、禽、鱼）有着极大的发展。这些变化是伴随农业就业人员数的持续下降而来的。结果是中国农业显著的“资本化”（亦即，单位劳动力资本投入的增加）。对于这些普遍被忽视的事实，本文将给出详细的量化证据。 与通常的假设不同，中国农业资本化主要是由农户投资推动的，其总量比国家和农业企业公司的投资还要大。这一事实的重要意义在于，未来中国农业的发展，需更注重和依赖农户的能动作用。国家需对农民家庭的经营行为给予更大的服务和扶持，不应像过去十年间那样，一味将政策支持倾斜于“龙头企业”。

Industrialization and China’s Agricultural Development, 1949–1985 (工业化与中国农业的发展，1949–1985)

Rural China ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao (高原)
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Rural Reform ◽  
Chinese Agriculture ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Responsibility System

In the 1950s, Chinese agriculture received far too few modern inputs from industry, but in the 1960s–1970s, this situation was significantly improved. The chemical fertilizer industry, crucial for enhancing crop yields, saw substantial development in the later period. More chemical fertilizer was used in agricultural production, and the price of chemical fertilizer relative to agricultural products was falling. The institutional framework in rural China, which underwent frequent changes in the 1950s, was stabilized in the 1960s and 1970s with the consolidation of the three-tiered commune-brigade-team structure and the establishment of the production team as the basic managerial unit. This stabilized framework remained in place until the implementation of the household responsibility system in the early 1980s. Agricultural development in the 1960s–1970s laid the necessary material foundation for the 1979–1984 Rural Reform. Revisiting this history can help us to rethink the interrelationship between institutional change and material factors in a developing economy. 在1950年代，中国农业从工业部门得到的现代化要素为数甚少，而在60–70年代，这一状况则得到显著改善。尤其是对农业增产至关重要的化肥工业，在后一阶段有了长足发展；农业生产的化肥施用量有明显的提升；同时化肥和农产品之间的比价则在持续下降。在1950年代变动频繁的农村经营制度，在1960–70年代则以“三级所有、队为基础”为核心稳定下来，直到家庭承包制实施。1960–70年代的农业发展为1979–1984年的农村改革提供了不可或缺的物质基础。检视这段历史有助于我们重新思考经济系统中制度变迁与物质基础之间的关系。 (This article is in English.)

420 A novel SCN5A mutation (R878C) associated with sick sinus syndrome in one Chinese family

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
Y ZHANG ◽  
A MA ◽  
H WAN ◽  
C HUANG ◽  
X ZHOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sick Sinus Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Scn5a Mutation

Is technological change a devourer of jobs?

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Task Sets ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a critical analysis of the idea of technological unemployment. The overview of the existing literature on the employment effects of technological change shows that on the micro-level there exists strong and positive relationship between innovations and employment growth in firms; on the sectoral level this correlation becomes ambiguous; on the macro-level the impact of new technologies seems to be positive or neutral. This implies that fears of explosive growth of technological unemployment in the foreseeable future are exaggerated. Our analysis further suggests that new technologies affect mostly the structure of employment rather than its level. Additionally we argue that automation and digitalisation would change mostly task sets within particular occupations rather than distribution of workers by occupations.

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