scholarly journals Sequence Variations of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α (C/EBPα) gene encoding meat quality in local and exotic cattle breeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Endang Tri Margawati ◽  
Hajar Indra Wardhana ◽  
Nani Radiastuti ◽  
Slamet Diah Volkandari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Bali Cattle

<p><em>Gene of C/EBPα is a gene associated with lipid composition and distribution, the gene therefore contributes in enhancing of meat quality. There is no information of sequence variations of C/EBPα gene investigation in local and exotic beef cattle in Indonesia. This research was aimed to detect the presence of sequence variations of C/EBPα gene in local beef and exotic cattle. Twelve samples were used in this study such as Bali cattle (2), Ongole grade (2), Pasundan (2), Friesian Holstein (1), Angus (1), Simmental (2), Limousin (1) and Banteng (1). Several steps of the research were DNA extraction and quantification, </em><em>amplification (PCR)</em><em>, electrophoresis, sequencing and sequence analysis of C/EBPα gene. DNA was collected either from blood or hair bulbs.  Determination of homolog bases of C/EBPα gene was based on BLAST result while base sequence variation was analyzed by using MEGA 6. The result showed that all cattle samples were confirmed bearing the C/EBPα gene that amplified along of 1,339 bp. and annealing temperature of 54°C. It was obtained three nucleotide variations at the position of 870 (G→A), 931 (A→G) and 1196 (G→A) only found in Bali cattle and Banteng, but there were no nucleotide variations in the local beef cattle, exotic cattle and the sequence reference of Bos taurus (Japanese Black/Acc No. DQ068270.1; Hanwoo/Acc No. D82984.1; Qinchuan/Acc No. NM_176784.2). Those nucleotide variations caused changing of amino acid of</em><em> Alanine to Threonine at 931 and Asparagine to Serine at 1196</em><em>.</em><em> Mutation at position 271 changed nucleotide Cytosine to Adenine (C271A) that found in PO and Simmental cattle. Further research is needed to confirm the changing of amino acid of </em><em>C/EBPα gene in Bali cattle might affect to meat quality.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Association of the Ile-442-Met substitution in <i>NCAPG</i> with birth weight in German Angus and German Simmental cattle (Brief Report)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-106
Author(s):  
K. Glenske ◽  
H. Brandt ◽  
G. Erhardt
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Commercial Line ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds ◽  
Simmental Cattle

Abstract. The optimal birth weight (BW) of a calf is important and an indicator of the chance to survive and performing later in life (Maltecca et al. 2009). The search for the genetic background of BW in cattle on BTA6 is in the focus of many studies. One QTL at 1 cM was described in an Angus × Brahman cross population (Kim et al. 2003). Three QTL for BW had been identified at BTA6 at 10 cM, 35-49 cM and 83-86 cM in a commercial line of Bos taurus (Kneeland et al. 2004). One of these was confirmed in a Jersey × Holstein cross population as a putative QTL at 41 cM (Maltecca et al. 2009). In a Holstein × Charolais cross cattle population a highly significant QTL for BW was detected on BTA6 in the same region between BM1329 and DIK1054 (Gutierrez-GIL et al. 2009). In another study with Holstein × Charolais the QTL was confirmed and the SNP in this QTL with the strongest effect on BW was in non-SMC condensing I complex, subunit G (NCAPG 1326T/G) (Eberlein et al. 2009). This SNP induced a Ile-442-Met substitution in the amino acid sequence. It was the aim of this study to validate this SNP by analysing the effect of the Ile-442-Met substitution in NCAPG on birth weight in two important beef cattle breeds in Germany.

scholarly journals Target Gene Sequencing To Characterize the Penicillin G Susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 2784-2792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamed-Kheir Taha ◽  
Julio A. Vázquez ◽  
Eva Hong ◽  
Desiree E. Bennett ◽  
Sophie Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Interspecies Recombination

ABSTRACT Clinical isolates of Neisseria meningitidis with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G (intermediate isolates, PenI) harbor alterations in the penA gene encoding the penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2). A 402-bp DNA fragment in the 3′ half of penA was sequenced from a collection of 1,670 meningococcal clinical isolates from 22 countries that spanned 60 years. Phenotyping, genotyping, and the determination of MICs of penicillin G were also performed. A total of 139 different penA alleles were detected with 38 alleles that were highly related, clustered together in maximum-likelihood analysis and corresponded to the penicillin G-susceptible isolates. The remaining 101 penA alleles were highly diverse, corresponded to different genotypes or phenotypes, and accounted for 38% of isolates, but no clonal expansion was detected. Analysis of the altered alleles that were represented by at least five isolates showed high correlation with the PenI phenotype. The deduced amino acid sequence of the corresponding PBP2 comprised five amino acid residues that were always altered. This correlation was not complete for rare alleles, suggesting that other mechanisms may also be involved in conferring reduced susceptibility to penicillin. Evidence of mosaic structures through events of interspecies recombination was also detected in altered alleles. A new website was created based on the data from this work (http://neisseria.org/nm/typing/penA ). These data argue for the use of penA sequencing to identify isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G and as a tool to improve typing of meningococcal isolates, as well as to analyze DNA exchange among Neisseria species.

scholarly journals Diversity of β-Lactam Resistance-Conferring Amino Acid Substitutions in Penicillin-Binding Protein 3 of Haemophilus influenzae

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 2208-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Dabernat ◽  
Catherine Delmas ◽  
Martine Seguy ◽  
Roseline Pelissier ◽  
Genevieve Faucon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Peptidoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Adults And Children

ABSTRACT The sequences of the ftsI gene, encoding the transpeptidase domain of penicillin binding protein (PBP) 3A and/or PBP 3B, which are involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis, were determined for 108 clinical strains of Haemophilus influenzae with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics with or without β-lactamase production and were compared to those of the ampicillin-susceptible Rd strain and ampicillin-susceptible clinical isolates. The sequences have 18 different mutation patterns and were classified into two groups on the basis of amino acid substitutions deduced from the nucleotide sequences located between bp 960 and 1618 of the ftsI gene. In group I strains (n = 7), His-517 was substituted for Arg-517. In group II strains (n = 101), Lys-526 was substituted for Asn-526. In subgroup IIa (n = 5; H. influenzae ATCC 49247), the only observed substitution was Lys-526 for Asn-526; in subgroup IIb (n = 56), Val-502 was substituted for Ala-502 (n = 13), along with several other substitutions: Asn-350 for Asp-350 (n = 15), Asn-350 for Asp-350 and Glu-490 for Gly-490 (n = 14), and Asn-350 for Asp-350 and Ser-437 for Ala-437 (n = 5). In subgroup IIc (n = 25), Thr-502 was substituted for Ala-502. In subgroup IId, Val-449 was substituted for Ile-449 (n = 15). The MICs of β-lactam antibiotics for the 108 strains were to 8 to 16 times the MICs for susceptible strains. The strains, isolated from both adults and children, were analyzed for genetic relationship by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by determination of ftsI sequence phylogeny. Both analyses revealed the lack of clonality and the heterogeneity of the strains, but some clusters suggest the spread and/or persistence of a limited number of strains of the same pulsotype and pattern of amino acid substitutions. Reduced susceptibility to β-lactam, brought about by mutations of the ftsI gene, is becoming a frequent phenomenon, affecting both strains that produce β-lactamase and those that do not. The level of resistance remains low but opens the way to greater resistance in the future.

Longissimus dorsi muscle transcriptomic analysis of Yunling and Chinese simmental cattle differing in intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Zhang ◽  
H.L. Xia ◽  
H.R. Jiang ◽  
Y.J. Mao ◽  
K.X. Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Imf Content

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid (FA) composition vary significantly across beef cattle breeds, which play an important role in taste and nutritional value. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic differences remain unknown. The present study compared meat quality traits between Yunling cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle. Yunling cattle showed a lower IMF content and proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), as well as higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and short-chain fatty acids (sc-FA) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle than Chinese Simmental cattle. To further identify the candidate genes and pathways responsible for these phenotypic differences, the transcriptome of LD muscle from the two breeds were measured using RNA-seq. A total of 1347 differentially expressed genes were identified. The major metabolic pathways that were differentially modulated were lipolysis and glycometabolism. Yunling cattle showed a higher expression of lipolysis genes (ALDH9A1, ACSL5, ACADM, ACAT2, ACOT2) and a lower expression of genes related to glycometabolism (PGM1, GALM, PGM1, GPI, LDHA). This research identified candidate genes and pathways for IMF content and FA composition in the LD muscle of beef cattle, which may facilitate the design of new selection strategies to improve meat quality.

Comparative evaluation of the meat quality of beef cattle breeds of Indian, African and European origins

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gazzola ◽  
C. J. O’Neill ◽  
J. E. Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds

AbstractThe aim of this study was to rank diverse beef cattle genotypes for meat quality characteristics and to determine whether that ranking changed depending on the environment in which the animals were finished. Breed groups, ranging from 100% Bos indicus to 100% Bos taurus content, were derived from Indian zebu (Brahman), African zebu (Boran), British breeds (Hereford-Shorthorn), continental breeds (Charolais and Simmental) and Sanga (Tuli and Belmont Red). Heavy steers (>600 kg) were raised in a tropical environment and finished either on pasture or in a feedlot.For striploins (longissimus) from feedlot finished steers, cooking loss was greatest for zebu (Z) steaks, least for British (B) steaks (P < 0·001), and intermediate for the other breeds. For striploins from pasture finished steers and eye rounds (semitendinosus) from both pasture finished and feedlot finished steers, there were no breed differences in cooking loss.For both feedlot finished and pasture finished steers, striploin steaks from B steers were most tender, and Sanga (S) and zebu × continental cross (ZC) steaks were more tender than Z steaks. Warner-Bratzler initial yields suggested that the lower toughness of these breeds was due to lower myofibrillar toughness. Peak force minus initial yield suggested a smaller, opposite effect of increasing connective tissue toughness associated with increasing Bos taurus content. This breed effect on connective tissue toughness was more prominent in the eye round samples. In the feedlot finished steers, Z eye round was as tender as B eye round. In pasture finished steers, Z eye round had a peak force 1·3 kg lower than B in contrast to the results for striploin where Z was 1·2 kg higher than B. Sanga eye round followed the same trend as B relative to Z but to a lesser extent. From the feedlot, S eye round was more tender than Z eye round and from pasture, S eye round was the same as Z eye round. There was no evidence of heterosis f or any meat quality attribute.These results are best explained in terms of a model incorporating differential effects of breed on the myofibrillar and connective tissue components of toughness. The implications of this study are that the tenderness of grilling and roasting cuts of meat from the predominantly Brahman-based beef herd of northern Australia can be improved through crossbreeding with any of the taurine breeds studied.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Identification of Leptin gene in crossbred beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksa Ersa Anugratama ◽  
Tety Hartatik
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Bali Cattle

Abstract. Anugratama LE, Hartatik T. 2020. Short Communication: Identification of Leptin gene in crossbred beef cattle. Biodiversitas 21: 226-230. Leptin is a gene that affects animal weight. Leptin gene is known to control body weight, feed intake, energy expenditure, immune function, and reproduction. This study aims to identify the diversity of the Leptin gene in crossbred beef cattle, Sumba Ongole cattle, Brahman cross cattle, Bali cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat by comparing with four GenBank data of cattle. Crossbred beef cattle obtained from Klaten, Central Java, Indonesia. Leptin nucleotide sequences were analyzed using BioEdit to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). To create amino acid change in Leptin gene, the coding sequence of exon 2 was established using BioEdit ver. 7.0.5. Phylogenetic tree and genetic distance have been analyzed based on the Leptin gene using MEGA 10.1.1 program. The result shows that eight variations of SNP were found in exon 2. The phylogenetic tree represents that crossbreed beef cattle, Sumba Ongole cattle, Brahman cross cattle, Bali cattle, Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos frontalis, Bos grunniens, Bubalus bubalis are in the same cluster with various genetic distance. The results of this study are expected to provide genetic information that will be used for further research on the relationship between Leptin gene polymorphisms to animal weight.

scholarly journals Effect of Replacing Corn Silage with Various Forage Silages in the Diet on Carcass Parameters, Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Profile and Amino Acid Composition of Beef Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 895-903
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Carcass Parameters

Carcass parameters, meat quality, fatty acid profile, and amino acid composition of Simmental bulls fed a diet based on various forage silages (VS) compared with the one based on only corn silage (CS) were investigated. A total of thirty male Simmental (440.5 ± 11.5 kg) was selected and assigned randomly divided into two treatments. All animals were fed twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) and water was supplied ad libitum, feed considering 5 to 10% refusals. The period of 207 days fattening trial was divided into three stages as P1 (1 to 64 days), P2 (65 to 130 days), P3 (131 to 207 days). Six beef cattle were slaughtered from each group at the end of the experiment. Substituting CS with VS in the finishing diet did not have a significant effect on slaughter performance, nutrient content, fatty acids, and amino acids profile (P > 0.05). However, the intramuscular fat and connective tissue content of the VS diet was lower compared with the CS diet (P < 0.05). Also, beef cattle fed VS diet could improve eye muscle area, increase histidine content and diameter of muscle fiber. In conclusion, substituting corn silage with various forage silages in the diet of beef cattle could potentially reduce the negative effect under the studied conditions. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Polypeptides Folding: Rules for the Calculation of the Backbone Dihedral Angles φ starting from the Amino Acid Sequence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Larocca
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Hydrophobic Effect ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Dihedral Angles ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Specific Chemical

<p>Protein folding is strictly related to the determination of the backbone dihedral angles and depends on the information contained in the amino acid sequence as well as on the hydrophobic effect. To date, the type of information embedded in the amino acid sequence has not yet been revealed. The present study deals with these problematics and aims to furnish a possible explanation of the information contained in the amino acid sequence, showing and reporting rules to calculate the backbone dihedral angles φ. The study is based on the development of mechanical forces once specific chemical interactions are established among the side chain of the residues in a polypeptide chain. It aims to furnish a theoretical approach to predict backbone dihedral angles which, in the future, may be applied to computational developments focused on the prediction of polypeptide structures.</p>

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