scholarly journals Gastrointestinal helminths and coccidia infestation of city pigeons (Columba livia forma urbana) on selected monuments in Szczecin

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Balicka-Ramisz ◽  
◽  
Łukasz Laurans ◽  
Anna Ramisz ◽  
Elena Stolbowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Pigeon Droppings ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
The Mean

City pigeons (Columba livia forma urbana) are an integral part of the urbanized environment. However, they host parasites that can be passed zoonotically to humans and to domestic and wild birds. The aim of the study was to establish the current prevalence of nematode and coccidians infestation among city pigeons roosting in old buildings in Szczecin. The pigeon kits, comprising city pigeons and stray breeding pigeons which had not returned to their lofts, numbered from 45 to 60 individuals. Samples of pigeon droppings were tested qualitatively by the flotation method and then quantitatively by the McMaster technique. Oocyst culture was also performed in a humid chamber at a temperature of 24–26° C. The oocytes were identified using standard keys. Two roundworm families were identified, Ascaridia spp. (two species) and Capillaria spp., and three coccidian species: Eimeria labbeana, E.columbarum and E. columbae. Overall, the extent of infection was approximately 100% throughout the study area, but varied depending on the place of origin of the material. The prevalence of worms with eggs ranged from 9% to 16% for Ascaris spp. and 24–41% for Capillaria spp. The maximum OPG values, i.e. the number of oocytes per gram of faeces, were 360 for Ascaris spp. and 1134 for Capillaria spp; these indicate the intensity of infection. The most frequently observed species was Eimeria labbeana, whose prevalence was found to range from 82% to 96% depending on location, with a mean infection intensity of 1130–1870 OPG. The prevalence of the other two Eimeria species was also high, with respectively values of 56–77% for E. columbarum and 32–43% for E. columbae, depending on the location. The mean OPG values for the species were 430–1770 and 29–52, respectively. Maximum OPG values were 223,000 for E. labbeana, 54,000 for E. columbarum and 830 for E. columbae.

The relationship between IgA activity against 4th-stage larvae and density-dependent effects on the number of 4th-stage larvae ofTeladorsagia circumcinctain naturally infected sheep

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. STEAR ◽  
K. BAIRDEN ◽  
G. T. INNOCENT ◽  
S. MITCHELL ◽  
S. STRAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The number ofTeladorsagia circumcincta4th-stage larvae in naturally infected lambs from a single farm varied among lambs and among different years. Within each year the distribution of 4th-stage larvae among lambs was similar to that expected from a negative binomial distribution. The ratio of 4th-stage larvae to adultT. circumcinctawas low in two years with a low mean intensity of infection but high in two years with a higher mean intensity of infection. The negative binomial distribution is defined by the mean and byk, a parameter that measures dispersion;kwas low when mean infection intensity was low but higher when mean infection intensity was high. Askis an inverse index of overdispersion this indicated that the distribution of 4th-stage larvae was more overdispersed at low levels of infection. In a combined analysis, the number of adultT. circumcinctaand the plasma IgA activity against 4th-stage larvae were both associated with increased numbers of 4th-stage larvae. There was a statistical interaction between the number of adults and IgA activity that moderated their combined effect.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal helminths in pigeon Columba livia (Gmelin, 1789)

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Begum ◽  
S Sehrin
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Raillietina Echinobothrida ◽  
Trematode Parasites ◽  
Eleven Species

A total of 60 pigeon, Columba livia (25 males and 35 females) were examined to observe helminth parasite infection. All the birds were found to be infected by eleven species of helminth parasites: four species of trematoda: Echinostoma revolutum (15%) E. trivolvus (5%), Patagifer bilobus (5%), Ehinoparyphium recurvatum (8.33%); six species of cestoda: Hymenolepis columbae (63.33%), Raillietina echinobothrida (100%), R. bonini (43.33%), R. cesticillus (100%), Cotugnia celebesensis (68.33%), C. cuneata (100%); and one species of nematoda: Ascaridia columbae (28.33%). Females showed slightly higher intensity of infestation than the males. Trematode parasites were found in intestine and rectum, cestode parasites were found in duodenum and intestine, nematode parasite Ascaridia columbae was found in caeca. Oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, gallbladder, liver, kidney and muscles were free of parasites. Considering among seasons highest intensity of infection was found in autumn. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i1.15324 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(1): 93-98, June 2012

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal helminths of two populations of wild pigeons (Columba livia) in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Fontanelli Vaz ◽  
Lidiane Aparecida Firmino da Silva ◽  
Vivian Lindmayer Ferreira ◽  
Reinaldo José da Silva ◽  
Tânia Freitas Raso
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
One Year ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract The present study analyzed gastrointestinal helminth communities in 265 wild pigeons (Columba livia) living in the municipalities of São Paulo and Tatuí, state of São Paulo, Brazil, over a one-year period. The birds were caught next to grain storage warehouses and were necropsied. A total of 790 parasites comprising one nematode species and one cestode genus were recovered from 110 pigeons, thus yielding an overall prevalence of 41.5%, mean intensity of infection of 7.2 ± 1.6 (range 1-144) and discrepancy index of 0.855. Only 15 pigeons (5.7%) presented mixed infection. The helminths isolated from the birds were Ascaridia columbae (Ascaridiidae) and Raillietina sp. (Davaineidae). The birds’ weights differed according to sex but this did not influence the intensity of infection. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection did not differ between the sexes, but the prevalence was higher among the birds from Tatuí (47.8%). The gastrointestinal helminth community of C. livia was characterized in the two areas studied and parasite homogeneity was observed over the 12 months analyzed at both locations. These results make contributions to the current literature on health aspects of wild C. livia populations.

Gastrointestinal helminths in indigenous and exotic chickens in Vietnam: association of the intensity of infection with the Major Histocompatibility Complex

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. SCHOU ◽  
A. PERMIN ◽  
H. R. JUUL-MADSEN ◽  
P. SØRENSEN ◽  
R. LABOURIAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Parasite Infections

This study compared the prevalence and intensity of infections of helminths in 2 chicken breeds in Vietnam, the indigenous Ri and the exotic Luong Phuong. Also, possible correlations with the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) were tested. The most prevalent helminths were Ascaridia galli, Heterakis beramporia, Tetrameres mothedai, Capillaria obsignata, Raillietina echinobothrida and Raillietina tetragona. Differences in prevalence and intensity of infection were found between the 2 breeds. Comparing the 2 groups of adult birds, Ri chickens were observed to have higher prevalence and infection intensities of several species of helminths, as well as a higher mean number of helminth species. In contrast, A. galli and C. obsignata were shown to be more prevalent in Luong Phuong chickens. Furthermore, an age-dependent difference was indicated in the group of Ri chickens in which the prevalence and the intensity of infection was higher for the adult than the young chickens for most helminths. The most notable exception was the significantly lower prevalence and intensities of A. galli in the group of adult chickens. In contrast, the prevalence and intensity were very similar in both age groups of Luong Phuong chickens. Using a genetic marker located in the MHC, a statistically significant correlation between several MHC haplotypes and the infection intensity of different helminth species was inferred. This is the first report of an association of MHC haplotype with the intensity of parasite infections in chickens.

scholarly journals Parasites with possible zoonotic potential in the small intestines of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Northwest Bohemia (CzR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jankovská ◽  
A. Brožová ◽  
Z. Matějů ◽  
I. Langrová ◽  
D. Lukešová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Summary We determined the prevalence of primarily zoonotic parasites in the small intestines of 40 (20 males and 20 females) red foxes living near human dwellings. The total prevalence of parasite infection was 77.5 % (31/40); the prevalence was 37.5 % (15/40) for Toxocara canis and 35 % (14/40) for Toxascaris leonina. The mean intensity infection was 3 and 11 helminths for T. canis and T. leonina, respectively. The prevalence of other intestinal helminths and mean infection intensity in this study are given: Echinococcus multilocularis 40 % (16/40) with 1000 individuals, Mesocestoides spp. 40 % (16/40) with 8 individuals, Uncinaria stenocephala 10 % (4/40) with 8 individuals, and Taenia pisiformis 10 % (4/40) with 1 individual. With regards to prevalence and intensity of infection, as well as prevalence of individual parasites, there were no significant differences (P≥0.05) between male and female red foxes.

Biased sex ratio and niche restriction in Baruscapillaria obsignata (Madsen 1945) (Nematoda, Capillariidae) from Columba livia (Aves, Columbidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D'Ávila ◽  
E.C.A. Bessa ◽  
S. Souza-Lima ◽  
M.L.A. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractIn the present study populations of the avian nematode species Baruscapillaria obsignata are described from Columba livia. Male and female individuals were obtained from 27 birds, fixed in alcohol/formalin/acetic acid (AFA) and preserved in 70% ethanol. Nematodes were identified and then counted under a stereoscopic microscope. Baruscapillaria obsignata were much more frequent in the anterior third of the small intestine, and females were more abundant than males in all infra populations. The prevalence was 55.6%, mean intensity was 11.8 (median 11.0; range 1–31) and abundance 6.56. In the present study, we observed an aggregated distribution of parasite infrapopulations, as demonstrated by the value of the exponent of the negative binomial distribution, K = 0.2773; by the discrepancy index, D = 0.656 and by the variance/mean ratio, 12.44. The female/male sex ratios found in all infrapopulations were always greater than 1, showing a bias in favour of female abundance. This tendency was especially marked in infrapopulations containing fewer individuals. The sizes of infrapopulations ranged from 5 to 31 individuals. The mean sex ratio observed was 2.69 ± 3.28 (median 1.83; range 0–11). In infrapopulations with 5–15 individuals, the sex ratios observed varied from 2.6 to 11, while in those with 17–31 individuals, the sex ratios were lower, ranging from 1.7 to 2.4. There was a negative correlation between the intensity of infection and the sex ratio of infrapopulations. Results are discussed in terms of possible factors influencing the processes that lead to niche restriction and biased sex ratios in parasite infrapopulations.

scholarly journals Hematological and histopathological changes in Hoplias malabaricus from the São Francisco River, Brazil caused by larvae of Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Corrêa ◽  
L. A. D. Bastos ◽  
P. S. Ceccarelli ◽  
N. S. Dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Hoplias Malabaricus ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Hematological Effects ◽  
The Mean

Summary Until now studies in Brazil of the pathological action of Contracaecum sp. larvae in Hoplias malabaricus have been rare. The aim of the present study was to analyze and describe histopathological changes in the stomach of H. malabaricus caused by different intensities of infection by larvae of Contracaecum sp., and the hematological effects of such infection. The mean intensity of infection by L3 larvae of Contracaecum sp. correlated positively with Hematocrit percentage (Hct%) and correlated negatively with mean corpuscular volume (MCV). These findings are possibly related to the passage of larvae from the stomach to the mesentery, potentially due to hemorrhaging t. Fish with high infection intensity had larvae of Contracaecum sp in the submucosal of the stomach, which caused destruction of Type I and Type III collagen (finer and more delicate collagen fibers which do not form beams and are permeated by fundamental substances) around the parasite. Microscopic analysis showed that crypts were arranged regularly throughout the stomach mucosal, varying in number, size and depth, depending on the region of the stomach.

The influence of cage farming on infection of the corvine fish Plagioscion squamosissimus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) with metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from the Chavantes reservoir, São Paulo State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P. Ramos ◽  
L. Franceschini ◽  
É.O.P. Zica ◽  
E.D. Carvalho ◽  
R.J. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cage Fish

AbstractThe development of cage fish farms has been associated with an increase in parasitic diseases. Organic matter resulting from feed waste and faeces attracts animals such as birds and invertebrates that can act as hosts for parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cage farming on Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae infections of Plagioscion squamosissimus collected close to a cage farm in the Chavantes reservoir (Paranapanema River). Thirty-seven fish were collected in an area close to cages (CF), and 28 in an area not influenced by cages (CT). All specimens were weighed, measured and the eyes removed for morphological analyses of metacercariae. The prevalence, mean intensity of infection, mean abundance and condition factor were calculated. The prevalence (CF = 86.4%, CT = 57.1%), mean infection intensity (CF = 20.31 ± 1.13, CT = 4.29 ± 7.14) and mean abundance (CF = 17.70 ± 6.27, CT = 2.35 ± 0.77) were higher in the CF (P< 0.05) group. There were no significant correlations (P> 0.05) between the mean abundance and standard length or the total weight and condition factor in either group (P> 0.05). Fish farms may interfere with the life cycle of A. compactum, leading to more infections with P. squamosissimus. This could be due to an increase in the number of host animals that are attracted by the availability of food resources derived from fish farms.

scholarly journals Causes of intraspecific variation in body size among trematode metacercariae

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Saldanha ◽  
T.L.F. Leung ◽  
R. Poulin
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Dependent Growth

AbstractInequalities in body size among adult helminths can result in inequalities in reproductive output, with consequences for population dynamics and genetics. These inequalities can result from growth differences among larval worms inside intermediate hosts that persist into the adult stage. Here, we investigate the effects of both host body size and intensity of infection on the sizes of metacercariae of the trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis (Microphallidae) inside their second intermediate host, the isopod Paridotea ungulata (Idoteidae). Among the more than 1500 metacercariae recovered and individually measured, there was no relationship between the mean diameter of metacercarial cysts per isopod and isopod body length. However, intensity of infection correlated negatively with the mean diameter of cysts within an isopod, i.e. metacercariae in crowded infections attained smaller sizes on average. In contrast, the variability in cyst sizes per isopod, measured as the coefficient of variation, was independent of both isopod body length and infection intensity. Our results show that a disproportionate number of relatively small metacercariae come from the relatively few hosts in which a large fraction of all metacercariae are aggregated. The combination of aggregation and intensity-dependent growth generates inequalities in sizes among metacercariae that will be passed on to adult worm populations in definitive hosts.

scholarly journals Pentastomids infecting an invader lizard, Hemidactylus mabouia (Gekkonidae) in northeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA. Anjos ◽  
WO. Almeida ◽  
A. Vasconcellos ◽  
EMX. Freire ◽  
CFD. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
First Record ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
New Host ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Hemidactylus Mabouia

From January to April 2006, 37 specimens of Hemidactylus mabouia were collected in houses, in the municipality of Barbalha (7° 20' S and 39° 18' W), Ceará State, Northeast Brazil. Among the individuals captured, 17 were infected with pentastomids, totalling a prevalence of 45.9%, which did not differ between sexes. Host size did not influence the infection intensity. Two species of pentastomids were found: Raillietiella frenatus and R. mottae. The prevalence of R. frenatus (43.2%) was higher than R. mottae (2.7%), whereas the infection intensity of R. frenatus was comparatively lower (1.8 ± 1.4) than R. mottae (36 parasites in a single host). Overall mean intensity of infection was 3.8 ± 8.4 pentastomids. We found no pentastomid infecting juvenile geckos. The parameters of infection in this host population are in accordance to the findings of other studies, in which the high parasitism rate was associated to the feeding habits of geckos living in houses and buildings. Hemidactylus mabouia is a new host to R. mottae and the infection by R. frenatus is the first record of the occurrence this pentastomid species in Brazil.

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