scholarly journals Stress factors in parents of children on the autism spectrum: an integrative model approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Joana Prata ◽  
Wenn Lawson ◽  
Rui Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Model Approach

Microbiota, Immune System and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Integrative Model towards Novel Treatment Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 5119-5136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Carpita ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Lionella Palego ◽  
Gino Giannaccini ◽  
Laura Betti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Close Relatives

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition strongly associated with genetic predisposition and familial aggregation. Among ASD patients, different levels of symptoms severity are detectable, while the presence of intermediate autism phenotypes in close relatives of ASD probands is also known in literature. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to environmental factors that might play a role in modulating the relationship between genomic risk and development and severity of ASD. Within this framework, an increasing body of evidence has stressed a possible role of both gut microbiota and inflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopment. The aim of this paper is to review findings about the link between microbiota dysbiosis, inflammation and ASD. Methods: Articles ranging from 1990 to 2018 were identified on PUBMED and Google Scholar databases, with keyword combinations as: microbiota, immune system, inflammation, ASD, autism, broad autism phenotype, adult. Results: Recent evidence suggests that microbiota alterations, immune system and neurodevelopment may be deeply intertwined, shaping each other during early life. However, results from both animal models and human samples are still heterogeneous, while few studies focused on adult patients and ASD intermediate phenotypes. Conclusion: A better understanding of these pathways, within an integrative framework between central and peripheral systems, might not only shed more light on neural basis of ASD symptoms, clarifying brain pathophysiology, but it may also allow to develop new therapeutic strategies for these disorders, still poorly responsive to available treatments.

Considering equifinality in treatment planning for social impairment: Divergent paths in neurodevelopmental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Lee Simmons ◽  
Dane C. Hilton ◽  
Matthew A. Jarrett ◽  
Theodore S. Tomeny ◽  
Susan W. White
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intervention Programming

Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with deficits in both social cognition and executive functioning (EF), which contribute to social impairment. Autistic youth are also frequently diagnosed with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a disorder that, like ASD, includes impaired EF and social functioning. The comorbidity of ASD and ADHD may result in compounded social impairment, but prior research has not sufficiently evaluated the extent to which this comorbidity profile responds to evidence-based intervention targeting social deficits. It is conceivable that dually targeting EF and social cognition impairment will be more impactful than direct social skills training alone. The authors present an integrative model for intervention programming that examines pathways to social impairment in order to more effectively improve social skills and thereby impact both proximal (e.g., emotion expression, current peer relationships) and more distal outcomes (e.g., depression, self-esteem) in youth with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Stress Factors and Child-rearing Practices in Somali-Canadian Mothers of Young Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Kediye
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Negative Experiences

This study investigated stress factors and child-rearing practicess in Somali-Canadian mothers of young children (between 6 to 12 years of age) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A grounded theory methodology was used for this study. Focus group discussions were held with 10 mothers residing in Toronto. Nine categories arose which were compiled into four themes 1) concerns and uncertainty over the child's development, 2) language and cultural barriers, 3) lack of resources and 4) financial burden. It was discovered that major stressors included lack of informal support, negative experiences from professionals, and financial challenges. The participants indicated that their major coping system was acceptance of their child's condition.

scholarly journals Rationale of an Advanced Integrative Approach Applied to Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review, Discussion and Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
María Luján Ferreira ◽  
Nicolás Loyacono
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Allopathic Medicine ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Static Encephalopathy ◽  
The Brain

The rationale of an Advanced Integrative Model and an Advanced Integrative Approach is presented. In the context of Allopathic Medicine, this model introduces the evaluation, clinical exploration, diagnosis, and treatment of concomitant medical problems to the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. These may be outside or inside the brain. The concepts of static or chronic, dynamic encephalopathy and condition for Autism Spectrum Disorder are defined in this model, which looks at the response to the treatments of concomitant medical problemsto the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. (1) Background: Antecedents and rationale of an Advanced Integrative Model and of an Advanced Integrative Approach are presented; (2) Methods: Concomitant medical problems to the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and a discussion of the known responses of their treatments are presented; (3) Results: Groups in Autism are defined and explained, related to the responses of the treatments of the concomitant medical problems to ASD and (4) Conclusions: The analysis in the framework of an Advanced Integrative Model of three groups including the concepts of static encephalopathy; chronic, dynamic encephalopathy and condition for Autism Spectrum Disorder explains findings in the field, previously not understood.

scholarly journals Is it Avoidance or Hypoarousal? A systematic review of emotion recognition, eye-tracking, and psychophysiological studies in young adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Clemente Cuve ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Akiko Fuse
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Autonomic Arousal ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Young Adults With Autism

A systematic review was conducted for studies exploring the link between gaze patterns, autonomic arousal and emotion recognition deficits (ERD) in young adults with Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) in the context of the eye-avoidance/hyperarousal and the orientation/hypoarousal hypotheses. These hypotheses suggest that ERD in ASC can be explained by either exacerbated physiological arousal to eye-contact interfering with emotion recognition, or blunted arousal not engaging the necessary attention and awareness mechanisms to process emotionally salient cues, respectively. Most studies have suggested that individuals with ASC display an overall reduced attention to the eyes, however, this was not always associated with ERD, and some studies also reported ERD with no evidence of atypical gaze patterns. The evidence from psychophysiological studies is also mixed. While some studies supported that individuals with ASC are hypoaroused during emotion processing, others reported hyperarousal or even partially supported both. Overall, these results suggest that the current autonomic arousal and gaze hypotheses cannot fully account for ERD in ASC. A new integrative model is proposed, suggesting a two-pathway mechanism, in which avoidance and orientation processes might independently lead to ERD in ASC. Current methodological limitations, the influence of alexithymia, and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Stress Factors and Child-rearing Practices in Somali-Canadian Mothers of Young Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Kediye
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Negative Experiences

This study investigated stress factors and child-rearing practicess in Somali-Canadian mothers of young children (between 6 to 12 years of age) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A grounded theory methodology was used for this study. Focus group discussions were held with 10 mothers residing in Toronto. Nine categories arose which were compiled into four themes 1) concerns and uncertainty over the child's development, 2) language and cultural barriers, 3) lack of resources and 4) financial burden. It was discovered that major stressors included lack of informal support, negative experiences from professionals, and financial challenges. The participants indicated that their major coping system was acceptance of their child's condition.

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