A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid

UNSTRUCTURED On 28th February a case of COVID-19 was declared in Araba-Álava province, Spain. In Spain, a confinement and movement restrictions were established by Spanish Government at 14th March 2020. We implemented a web-based tool to estimate number of cases during the pandemic. We present the results in Áraba-Álava province. We reached a response rate of 10,3% out a 331.549 population. We found that 22,4 % fulfilled the case definition. This tool rendered useful to inform public health action.

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Reconciling Epidemiology’s Aspirations and Capabilities

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwaa271 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David A Savitz

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Action Current ◽

Current Trends ◽

The Face ◽

Health Action ◽

New Challenges ◽

Health Applications

Abstract Interpreting the results of epidemiologic studies calls for objectivity and rigorous scrutiny, acknowledging the limitations that temper the applicability of the findings to public health action. Current trends have posed new challenges to balancing goal of scientific objectivity and validity with public health applications. The ongoing tension between epidemiology’s aspirations and capability has several sources: the need to overpromise in research proposals, compromising methodologic rigor because of public health importance, defending findings in the face of hostile critics, and appealing to core constituencies who have specific expectations from the research.

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Risk factors, symptom reporting, healthcare-seeking behaviour and adherence to public health guidance: protocol for Virus Watch, a prospective community cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e048042

Author(s):

Andrew Hayward ◽

Ellen Fragaszy ◽

Jana Kovar ◽

Vincent Nguyen ◽

Sarah Beale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Online Survey ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Advisory Group ◽

Antibody Testing ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Nasal Swabs ◽

Health Action ◽

Minority Ethnic

IntroductionThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant global mortality and impacted lives around the world. Virus Watch aims to provide evidence on which public health approaches are most likely to be effective in reducing transmission and impact of the virus, and will investigate community incidence, symptom profiles and transmission of COVID-19 in relation to population movement and behaviours.Methods and analysisVirus Watch is a household community cohort study of acute respiratory infections in England and Wales and will run from June 2020 to August 2021. The study aims to recruit 50 000 people, including 12 500 from minority ethnic backgrounds, for an online survey cohort and monthly antibody testing using home fingerprick test kits. Nested within this larger study will be a subcohort of 10 000 individuals, including 3000 people from minority ethnic backgrounds. This cohort of 10 000 people will have full blood serology taken between October 2020 and January 2021 and repeat serology between May 2021 and August 2021. Participants will also post self-administered nasal swabs for PCR assays of SARS-CoV-2 and will follow one of three different PCR testing schedules based on symptoms.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Hampstead National Health Service (NHS) Health Research Authority Ethics Committee (ethics approval number 20/HRA/2320). We are monitoring participant queries and using these to refine methodology where necessary, and are providing summaries and policy briefings of our preliminary findings to inform public health action by working through our partnerships with our study advisory group, Public Health England, NHS and government scientific advisory panels.

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Educating the Canadian public about the social determinants of health: the time for local public health action is now!

Global Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/1757975912453847 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 54-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dennis Raphael

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Determinants Of Health ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Local Public Health ◽

The Social ◽

Health Action

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Time to dismiss the idea of a structural fix within government? An analysis of intersectoral action for health in Danish municipalities

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494818765705 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (22_suppl) ◽

pp. 48-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ditte H. Holt ◽

Gemma Carey ◽

Morten H. Rod

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Boundary Spanning ◽

Governance Structures ◽

Intersectoral Action ◽

Structural Reorganization ◽

Organizational Boundaries ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Process Consulting ◽

Health Action

Aims: This paper examines the role of organizational structure within government(s) in attempts to implement intersectoral action for health in Danish municipalities. We discuss the implications of structural reorganization and the governance structures that are established in order to ensure coordination and integration between policy sectors. Methods: The paper is based on 49 interviews with civil servants from health and non-health sectors of 10 municipalities. Based on participants’ experiences, cases have been described and analyzed in an iterative process consulting the literature on Health in All Policies and joined-up government. Results: Continuous and frequent processes of reorganizing were widespread in the municipalities. However, they appeared to have little effect on policy change. The two most common governance structures established to transcend organizational boundaries were the central unit and the intersectoral committee. According to the experiences of participants, paradoxically both of these organizational solutions tend to reproduce the organizational problems they are intended to overcome. Even if structural reorganization may succeed in dissolving some sector boundaries, it will inevitably create new ones. Conclusions: It is time to dismiss the idea that intersectoral action for health can be achieved by means of a structural fix. Rather than rearranging organizational boundaries it may be more useful to seek to manage the silos which exist in any organization, e.g. by promoting awareness of their implications for public health action and by enhancing the boundary spanning skills of public health officers.

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