Youth‒Police Contact: Burdens and Inequities in an Adverse Childhood Experience, 2014‒2017

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e9
Author(s):  
Amanda Geller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Police Contact ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Police Encounters ◽  
The Life Course

Objectives. To assess police contact as a potential adverse childhood experience by measuring its prevalence, nature, and distribution among urban adolescents. Methods. Detailed US population-based data on youth‒police contact were collected in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2478) from 2014 to 2017. Using regression modeling, I assessed adolescents’ police exposure and the magnitude and robustness of racial disparities in police contact. Sensitivity analyses examined disparities by behavior and socioeconomic context. Results. Urban youths are heavily policed, beginning in preadolescence. Exposure to policing is unevenly distributed, with non-White adolescents—particularly Black boys—reporting more, and more aggressive, contact than their White counterparts. Hispanic‒White differences and disparities in girls’ experiences were less pronounced but present, particularly in how intrusive stops were. Intrusion disparities were robust to most behavioral controls, but not observed among youths with higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions. Given extant literature documenting adverse health consequences of police encounters, findings implicate policing as a driver of health disparities in adolescence and throughout the life course. Public health infrastructure dedicated to the prevention and treatment of adverse childhood experiences is well suited for mitigating these harms and inequities. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 20, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306259 )

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic and Environmental Determinants of Adverse Childhood Experience among School-Going Adolescents in Jimma town, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Tsehay ◽  
Mogesie Necho ◽  
Asmare Belete ◽  
Zelalem Belayneh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Introduction: Adverse childhood experience in adolescents is a global public health concern. Several risk factors have been identified so far across different parts of the world. However, there is a paucity of data in Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of Adverse Childhood Experience among school-going adolescents retrospectively. Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was employed. Participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire Scale for childhood maltreatment. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the association between Adverse Childhood Experience & associated factors. Results: A total of 546 adolescents participated in the study with a response rate of 86%. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 16.83 ± 1.26 years. The majority (442 (81%)) were studying in public schools and 104 (19%) in private schools. Results show that 51.1% reported at least one, and respondents most often faced two ACEs (29.4%), and as many as 10.4% reported at least four or more ACEs. According to the three categories of adverse childhood experience (ACE), from 329 female adolescents, 144(43.8%) had been abused physically, verbally, or sexually, 65(17.8%) had been neglected, and 169(51.1%) had been household dysfunctional. And also, from 217 male adolescents, 93(42.9%) had been abused physically, verbally, or sexually, 49(22%) had neglected, and 117(53.9%) had household dysfunction. Gender, social support, residence, educational status of parent, and having one or more chronic medical, mental, or neurological disorders were significantly associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences. Conclusion: Results of the study show that there was a significant prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Adverse Childhood Experiences have a tremendous impact on future health, well-being, and opportunity. Reduction and prevention of Adverse Childhood Experiences are mandatory for all children to reach their full potential. Those who are already exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences also need social support, help them manage their experiences, and lead meaningful lives.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experience and asthma onset: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (136) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Exley ◽  
Alyson Norman ◽  
Michael Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Adverse childhood experiences such as abuse and neglect are associated with subsequent immune dysregulation. Some studies show an association between adverse childhood experiences and asthma onset, although significant disparity in results exists in the published literature.We aimed to review available studies employing a prospective design that investigates associations between adverse childhood experience and asthma. A search protocol was developed and studies were drawn from four electronic journal databases. Studies were selected in accordance with pre-set inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted.12 studies, assessing data from a total of 31 524 individuals, were identified that investigate the impact of a range of adverse childhood experiences on the likelihood of developing asthma. Evidence suggests that chronic stress exposure and maternal distress in pregnancy operate synergistically with known triggers such as traffic-related air pollution to increase asthma risk.Chronic stress in early life is associated with an increased risk of asthma onset. There is evidence that adverse childhood experience increases the impact of traffic-related air pollution and inconsistent evidence that adverse childhood experience has an independent effect on asthma onset.

Exposure to Community Violence as a New Adverse Childhood Experience Category: Promising Results and Future Considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Heather Larkin ◽  
Nina Esaki
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence ◽  
Health Organization

Research links high youth exposure to community violence (ECV) with negative health consequences, and the World Health Organization recommends ECV as a new adverse childhood experience (ACE) category. The current study is among the first to include ECV within the ACE categories, examining ACEs and behavioral health (BH) service usage, using a population-based adult sample. Results reveal ECV and ACE associations in the expected direction. Respondents reporting ECV before age 18 had higher ACE scores than those without ECV. Results demonstrate ECV's predictive power for later BH needs and confirm its utility as a new ACE category. Practice implications include attention to ECV among adult populations and mitigating long-term costs through early intervention and prevention.

scholarly journals ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE DAN DELIBERATE SELF HARM PADA REMAJA DI INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Anindya Dewi Paramita ◽  
Andi Tenri Faradiba ◽  
Khintan Sucitasari Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Self Harm

Self-injurious behavior or acts of self-harm that are commonly found in adolescents are form of channeling negative emotions to deal with emotional pain. One reason for this pain was exposure to unpleasant experiences called adverse childhood experiences. This study aims to explore the detrimental effect of experience on self-harm in adolescents. This study used two measuring instruments, the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) was used to measure DSH and Adverse Childhood Experience Quesionnaire (ACE.Q) was used to measure ACE. There were 168 respondents in the study who participated filling online questionnaire and they were gathered through non-probability sampling technique. The result showed that there was a positive correlation between adverse childhood experiences on self-harm with a sig value of 0.035 <0.05. This means that the higher the ACE, the higher the DSH. Perilaku melukai diri sendiri atau deliberate self-harm (DSH) banyak ditemukan pada remaja sebagai bentuk penyaluran emosi secara negatif untuk mengatasi rasa sakit secara emosional. Salah satu penyebab rasa sakit tersebut adalah adanya paparan pengalaman tidak menyenangkan yang disebut dengan adverse childhood experience (ACE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh adverse childhood experience terhadap deliberate self-harm pada remaja di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua alat ukur, yaitu Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) untuk mengukur DSH dan Adverse Childhood Experience Quesionnaire (ACE.Q) untuk mengukur ACE. Terdapat 168 responden dalam penelitian ini yang diperoleh secara online melalui teknik non-probability sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara adverse childhood experience terhadap deliberate self-harm dengan nilai sig 0,035 < 0,05. Artinya, semakin tinggi adverse childhood experience maka semakin tinggi pula kecenderungan melakukan deliberate self-harm     

scholarly journals Parent Exposure to Drugs: A “New” Adverse Childhood Experience With Devastating Behavioral Consequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Alan J. Drury ◽  
Michael J. Elbert
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Drug Status ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

Household drug abuse is one of the seminal forms of adverse childhood experiences, but it does not fully capture the severity of parents that actively provide or even administer drugs to their children. Drawing on a near population of federal supervised release offenders, the current study examined this “new” adverse childhood experience and its association with antisociality. Multiple analytical techniques (e.g., correlation, binary and multinomial logistic regression, and negative binomial regression) indicated that parent exposure to drugs was significantly associated with current drug status while on supervision, three forms of drug offending, and Cannabis, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Opiate, and Alcohol Dependence even while controlling for age of arrest onset, sex, race, and current age. We concur with other scholars that more conceptualization and measurement-refinement of adverse childhood experiences is needed to fully understand how early-life trauma shapes the contours of the criminal career.

scholarly journals Family-related adverse childhood experiences as risk factors for psychiatric disorders in Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibilola D. Oladeji ◽  
Victor A. Makanjuola ◽  
Oye Gureje
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Disorders

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences have been associated with a variety of mental health problems in adult life.AimsTo examine whether this reported link between childhood experiences and mental health disorders in adult life applies in a Sub-Saharan African setting where cultural and family attributes may be different.MethodA multistage random sampling was used in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHW) to select respondents for face-to-face interviews. Assessments of family-related adverse childhood experiences and lifetime mental health disorders were conducted with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0).ResultsAlmost half of the respondents had experienced an adverse childhood experience within the context of the family before they were 16 years of age. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental health disorders were few and were attenuated when clustering of adverse childhood experience and disorder comorbidities were accounted for. There was an elevated likelihood of adult substance use disorders among individuals who had experienced family violence and neglect or abuse. Parental psychopathology was associated with a significantly increased risk for developing mood disorders.ConclusionsAdverse childhood experiences reflecting violence in the family, parental criminality and parental mental illness and substance misuse were more likely to have significant mental health consequences in adulthood.

scholarly journals Inflammation does not mediate an adverse childhood experience– self-harm risk association

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Risk Association

Inflammation has been proposed to be a candidate mechanism contributing to the association between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the risk of self-harm. In the first study of its kind, researchers in the UK have now directly studied whether inflammatory processes do indeed mediate this association.

scholarly journals Race As An Adverse Childhood Experience [Florida State University]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Bradshaw ◽  
Karen Oehme ◽  
Ann Perko
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experience ◽  
Florida State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Adverse Childhood

The purpose of this study was to explore the issue of race as a trauma related to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). The research was specifically focused on the black individual’s experience of being black in America and how this affects the psyche in the role of healing. The goal of this research is to help researchers think about the profound effects of race and help strengthen the ACEs scale. The ACEs scale is a scale that identifies trauma which is linked to later life well-being and health. Identifying ACEs, carefully understanding them, and providing preventative measures allow for healing and resilience building. This research is not the first of its kind, but is the first to be applied to the ACE scale. Databases of research were searched to find materials that include, but were not limited to: ACES, black trauma, post-enslavement, the psyche of African Americans, and other dynamics in the black community which combine to make the assumption that race is a traumatic experience. There was also research on the similarities and parallels of trauma within other cultures and ethnic groups. This resulted in the provocative conclusion that race is in fact an adverse childhood experience related to trauma. With this notion in mind, racial traumas should be accounted for in the new ACEs scales in order to help improve the well-being of minority populations. This is essential in ACEs for minority communities, which will lead to better preventive measures and healing efforts that will be culturally sensitive and accurate.

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