scholarly journals Assessment of radiation state of marine environment in the Leningrad NPP area according to long-term monitoring data (1973–2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
I. I. Kryshev ◽  
T. G. Sazykina ◽  
N. N. Pavlova ◽  
I. V. Kosykh ◽  
A. A. Buryakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Cooling Reservoir ◽  
Technogenic Radionuclide ◽  
Activity Ratios ◽  
Radionuclide Activity

The aim of the study was to conduct a radioecological assessment of the Leningrad NPP marine cooling reservoir – Koporye Bay of the Gulf of Finland. According to the international basic safety standards, accepted at the IAEA General Conference, this issue is of particular relevance due to the need to justify protection from technogenic radiation exposure both to humans and the environment. The assessment was based on the long-term radioecological monitoring data (1973–2019) within the Leningrad NPP observation area: radionuclides concentration in seawater, bottom sediments, and hydrobionts. The reference levels of radionuclides content in seawater and bottom sediments were used as indicators of the radiation state of the marine environment; their calculation procedure is defined in the Recommendations R 52.18.852-2016 and R 52.18.873-2018, issued by the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation). These recommendations, developed by RPA “Typhoon” specialists, contain a methodology for assessing the radioecological state of the marine environment by the level of radionuclides activity, based on the principles, ensuring the maintenance of favorable environment, safety of marine hydrobionts, and radiation protection of humans. In the presence of various radionuclides in the marine environment, the sum of technogenic radionuclide activity ratios in seawater (bottom sediments) to the corresponding reference levels shall be below 1. According to monitoring data in the early period of NPP operation (1973–1985), a wide spectrum of technogenic radionuclides was observed in the marine ecosystem components. Along with 137Cs, significant contributors to the contamination of seawater and bottom sediments were 54Mn and 60Co. In contrast to reference levels for 137Cs, reference levels for 54Mn and 60Co in seawater are determined by an environmental criterion, not a radiation-hygienic one. The presence of technogenic radionuclides in algae was registered at distances, exceeding 10 km from the NPP. Biogenic transfer of corrosion radionuclides (54Mn, 60Co, and 65Zn) by fish into rivers, flowing into the Koporye Bay, was noted. The Chernobyl disaster led to a noticeable increase in the pollution of the Koporye Bay with technogenic radionuclides. In May – December 1986, the sum of technogenic radionuclide activity ratios in seawater to the reference levels exceeded the pre-accidental level by 100 times, and in bottom sediments – by 30 times. In 1986, 137Cs and 134Cs were the main contributors to the marine ecosystem radioactive contamination. Currently, the technogenic radioactivity of seawater and bottom sediments of the Koporye Bay is mainly determined by 137Cs; its level is relatively constant, which indicates the stability of the radioecological situation in the Leningrad NPP marine cooling reservoir.

scholarly journals Developing benthic monitoring programmes to support precise and representative status assessments: a case study from the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Nygård ◽  
Mats Lindegarth ◽  
Alexander Darr ◽  
Grete E. Dinesen ◽  
Ole R. Eigaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractBenthic habitats and communities are key components of the marine ecosystem. Securing their functioning is a central aim in marine environmental management, where monitoring data provide the base for assessing the state of marine ecosystems. In the Baltic Sea, a > 50-year-long tradition of zoobenthic monitoring exists. However, the monitoring programmes were designed prior to the current policies, primarily to detect long-term trends at basin-scale and are thus not optimal to fulfil recent requirements such as area-based periodic status assessments. Here, we review the current monitoring programmes and assess the precision and representativity of the monitoring data in status assessments to identify routes for improvement. At present, the monitoring is focused on soft-bottoms, not accounting for all habitat types occurring in the Baltic Sea. Evaluating the sources of variance in the assessment data revealed that the component accounting for variability among stations forms the largest proportion of the uncertainty. Furthermore, it is shown that the precision of the status estimates can be improved, with the current number of samples. Reducing sampling effort per station, but sampling more stations, is the best option to improve precision in status assessments. Furthermore, by allocating the sampling stations more evenly in the sub-basins, a better representativity of the area can be achieved. However, emphasis on securing the long-term data series is needed if changes to the monitoring programmes are planned.

Preliminary Assessment of the Impact of Draining of Iraqi Marshes on Kuwait's Northern Marine Environment. Part II. Sediment Associated Pollutants

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Saeed ◽  
A. N. Al-Ghadban ◽  
H. Al-Shemmari ◽  
M. Al-Mutairi ◽  
H. Al-Hashash
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
Northern Area ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
The Impact

Kuwait's northern marine area is considered to be the receiving basin for the influx of sediments and associated pollutants from the Shatt Al-Arb estuary. In recent years, Iraq has undertaken to drain the southern marshes, which acted as a sink for the associated pollutants. This loss of marshes is expected to have far reaching consequences on the ecology of the northern Gulf. Bottom sediments from the area likely to be impacted by the draining of the marshes were studied for a variety of parameters. The results showed that petroleum-related pollutants (Ni, V, TPH, PAH and n-alkanes) were, generally, much higher in the southern part of the study area which may be due to the tanker traffic. Spotty higher levels of petroleum were encountered in the northern area, which were of recent origin and may have been the result of the draining of marshes. Chlorinated pesticides and PCBs were not detected in any of the samples. In general, there were indications of the negative impact of the draining of the marshes, however, long-term and more detailed studies are needed.

Using Long-Term Population Monitoring Data to Prioritize Conservation Action among Rare Plant Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly L. Bernardo ◽  
Pati Vitt ◽  
Rachel Goad ◽  
Susanne Masi ◽  
Tiffany M. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Rare Plant Species

Danube Field Excursion 1988: Tritium Content of River Water; Radioactivity of Danube Sediments

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rank ◽  
F. J. Maringer ◽  
W. Papesch ◽  
V. Rajner
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Reactor Accident ◽  
Tritium Content ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Field Excursion

Water, sediment, and fish samples were collected during the Danube excursion 1988, within a coordinated sampling program of the Radiology Working Group of the “Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft Donauforschung ” (K.Hübel, Munich; I. Kurcz, Budapest; D.Rank, Vienna). The H-3 content of the river water and the radioactivity of the bottom sediments were measured at the BVFA Arsenal, Vienna. The determined H-3 content of the Danube water corresponds with the long-term trend in the H-3 content of the hydrosphere; the values lie in the range of 3 Bq/kg downstream from Belgrade, upstream from Belgrade they are about 4 Bq/kg. It was only in the waste water plume of the nuclear power station of Kozloduj that a slightly elevated H-3 value - 6 Bq/kg - was determined. The content of the sediments of artificial radionuclides was found, at the time of the Danube field excursion, to be almost exclusively due to the radioactive material released following the reactor accident at Chernobyl in April 1986 (mainly Cs-137 and Cs-134). As a consequence of the air currents and precipitation conditions prevailing at the time of the accident, the bottom sediments in the lower course of the Danube were less contaminated than those in the upper course. The fine sediments were found to contain over 3000 Bq/kg of Cs-137 in the upper course of the Danube.

scholarly journals Compressed Sensing of 3D Marine Environment Monitoring Data Based on Spatiotemporal Correlation

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 32634-32649
Author(s):  
Ge Liu ◽  
Guosheng Rui ◽  
Wenbiao Tian ◽  
Liyao Wu ◽  
Tiantian Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Spatiotemporal Correlation ◽  
Marine Environment Monitoring

scholarly journals The study of long-term durability and bio-colonization of concrete in marine environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 100120
Author(s):  
Marine Georges ◽  
Amel Bourguiba ◽  
Daniel Chateigner ◽  
Nassim Sebaibi ◽  
Mohamed Boutouil
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment

scholarly journals Plastic Pollution from Ships

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Čulin ◽  
Toni Bielić
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Risk Monitoring

The environmental impact of shipping on marine environment includes discharge of garbage. Plastic litter is of particular concern due to abundance, resistance to degradation and detrimental effect on marine biota. According to recently published studies, a further research is required to assess human health risk. Monitoring data indicate that despite banning plastic disposal at sea, shipping is still a source of plastic pollution. Some of the measures to combat the problem are discussed.

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