Amyloodinium sp. (Brown, 1931) (Dinoflagellida) infestation in captive stock of silver moony, Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani Thomas ◽  
A. Navaneeth Krishnan ◽  
P. Ezhil Praveena ◽  
J. Raymond Jani Angel ◽  
M. Kailasam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Infection ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Infectious Form ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Water Borne

This study was undertaken to investigate the cause of mortality in the captive stock of silver moony Monodactylus argenteus. The fishes showed severe infection of dinoflagellate protozoan Amyloodinium sp. (Blastodinida, Oodiniaceae) on gills and skin with complete mortality of the stock within a week. Histopathological changes were evident in the gill tissues with severe lamellar epithelial cell hyperplasia and lamellar fusions with the presence of trophonts of Amyloodinium sp. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also revealed trophonts of Amyloodinium sp. of varying sizes in groups consisting of 3 to 5 trophonts tightly attached to gill lamellae. Source water contaminated with the tiny infectious form of the parasite (dinospores) favoured by higher salinity and low water temperature in the rearing tank could be the triggering factor for the spurt of infections. Proper quarantine and biosecurity protocols to prevent the potential sources of water-borne infection sources are likely to be far more effective than treatment.

The Incidence of Waterborne and Water-Associated Disease in Scotland from 1945 to 1987

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Benton ◽  
G. I. Forbes ◽  
G. M. Paterson ◽  
J. C. M. Sharp ◽  
T. S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Health Department ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Water Borne

A review of the incidence of waterborne disease in Scotland from 1945 to 1987 has been undertaken in conjunction with the Communicable Diseases (Scotland) Unit and the Scottish Home and Health Department. Primarily, these relate to contamination of private and public supplies by microbiological and chemical agents, but incidents in which water such as river water was ingested deliberately or accidentally were included. Water-related infections such as legionellosis and leptospirosis which are acquired by non-alimentary routes have been excluded. During the period of the review there were 57 outbreaks of water-borne disease comprising of over 15,305 cases of illness. A total of 18 outbreaks occurred in public supplies and 21 in private supplies. Microbiological contamination gave rise to the greatest number of cases of water-borne disease which were caused by viral gastroenteritis and shigellosis followed by outbreaks of gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology. The highest number of outbreaks were due to chemical poisoning,caused mainly by lead and copper, followed by outbreaks of gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology. The type of deficiency giving rise to incidents of waterborne disease were described for private and public water supplies. In public supplies the need for hygenic storage of water in distribution and effective catchment control practices in conjunction with adequate water treatment facilities is emphasised. In private supplies the need to, at minimum, apply rudimentary disinfection to untreated source water is highlighted by the large numbers of people who have been affected by water-borne disease.

Synthesis and Property of Water Borne Polyurethane/Modified Nano-ZnO Composites Packaging Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Shu Cai Li ◽  
Li Qiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Phase Property ◽  
Dimethylol Propionic Acid ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Water Borne

Water borne polyurethane /modified nano-ZnO composites packaging membranes were synthesized from modified nano-ZnO, polybutyleneadipate glycol (PBA), polycaprolactone (PCL) isophorne diisocyanate (IPDI), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), ethylenediamine(EDA) by self-emulsified method. The phase property, mechanical, antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet properties of the composites packaging membranes influenced by the modified nano-ZnO content were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, and antibacterial testing. And the relative results were analysed.

scholarly journals Susceptibility and pathological consequences of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongam Bidya Devi ◽  
T. Jawahar Abraham ◽  
Dibyendu Kamilya
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Leucocyte Infiltration ◽  
Gill Lamellae ◽  
Kidney Liver

AbstractThe present study tested the susceptibility and pathological changes of catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) infected with Edwardsiella tarda (ET-PG-29). The bacterium was isolated from the kidney of a diseased pangas catfish. To determine the median lethal dose (LD50), C. catla were challenged with this bacterium (108-103CFU ml-1), and the LD50was calculated as 105.5CFU ml-1. Another set of healthy C. catla were injected intraperitoneally with the LD50dose to induce edwardsiellosis. The clinical signs of the infected C. catla were observed and recorded. Tissues such as kidney, liver, intestine, heart, and gill from the infected fish with clinical signs of edwardsiellosis were used for histopathology. The clinical and gross signs were first visible at 1 d post-injection, and the infected fish showed typical signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The most striking histopathological features were found in the kidney which showed multi-focal necrosis with the formation of granuloma indicating an inflammatory response against the pathogen. The intestine displayed goblet cell hyperplasia, the liver showed hydropic degeneration with hyperemic central veins, and there was inflammation of gill lamellae and cardiac myositis associated with leucocyte infiltration. Collectively, the results confirmed the susceptibility of C. catla to E. tarda infection and that this bacterium is a threat to C. catla in aquaculture practices.

scholarly journals A molecular portrait of maternal sepsis from Byzantine Troy

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Devault ◽  
Tatum D Mortimer ◽  
Andrew Kitchen ◽  
Henrike Kiesewetter ◽  
Jacob M Enk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Infection ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Maternal Infections ◽  
Maternal Sepsis ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Close Contacts

Pregnancy complications are poorly represented in the archeological record, despite their importance in contemporary and ancient societies. While excavating a Byzantine cemetery in Troy, we discovered calcified abscesses among a woman’s remains. Scanning electron microscopy of the tissue revealed ‘ghost cells’, resulting from dystrophic calcification, which preserved ancient maternal, fetal and bacterial DNA of a severe infection, likely chorioamnionitis. Gardnerella vaginalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus dominated the abscesses. Phylogenomic analyses of ancient, historical, and contemporary data showed that G. vaginalis Troy fell within contemporary genetic diversity, whereas S. saprophyticus Troy belongs to a lineage that does not appear to be commonly associated with human disease today. We speculate that the ecology of S. saprophyticus infection may have differed in the ancient world as a result of close contacts between humans and domesticated animals. These results highlight the complex and dynamic interactions with our microbial milieu that underlie severe maternal infections.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopic Findings on Respiratory Organs of Some Naturally Infected Dromedary Camels with the Lineage-B of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia- 2018

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Abdelmohsen Alnaeem ◽  
Samy Kasem ◽  
Ibrahim Qasim ◽  
Mohamed Refaat ◽  
Ali Al-Houfufi Naser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Nasal Turbinate ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Microscopic Findings ◽  
Scanning Electron

The currently known animal reservoir for MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel. The clinical pattern of the MERS-CoV field infection in dromedary camels is not yet fully studied well. Some pathological changes and the detection of the MERS-CoV antigens by immunohistochemistry have been recently reported. However, the nature of these changes by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was not revealed. The objective of this study was to document some changes in the respiratory organs induced by the natural MERS-CoV infection using the SEM. We previously identified three positive animals naturally infected with MERS-CoV and two other negative animals. Previous pathological studies on the positive animals showed varying degrees of alterations. MERS-CoV-S and MERS-CoV-Nc proteins were detected in the organs of positive animals. In the current study, we used the same tissues and sections for the SEM examination. We established a histopathology lesion scoring system by the SEM for the nasal turbinate and trachea. Our results showed various degrees of involvement per animal. The main observed characteristic findings are massive ciliary loss, ciliary disorientation, and goblet cell hyperplasia, especially in the respiratory organs, particularly the nasal turbinate and trachea in some animals. The lungs of some affected animals showed signs of marked interstitial pneumonia with damage to the alveolar walls. The partial MERS-CoV-S gene sequencing from the nasal swabs of some dromedary camels admitted to this slaughterhouse confirms the circulating strains belong to clade-B of MERS-CoV. These results confirm the respiratory tropism of the virus and the detection of the virus in the nasal cavity. Further studies are needed to explore the pathological alterations induced by MERS-CoV infection in various body organs of the MERS-CoV naturally infected dromedary camels.

scholarly journals Alterations in the Gill Filaments and Secondary Lamellae of Cirrhinus mrigala Exposed to “Nuvan,” an Organophosphorus Insecticide

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Srivastava ◽  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Amita Kumari Rai ◽  
Swati Mittal ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Scanning Electron

The alterations in the epithelium of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of the gills of Cirrhinus mrigala, on exposure to “Nuvan,” have been explored in the present investigation using light and scanning electron microscopy. The fishes were exposed to two sublethal concentrations, 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L, of “Nuvan.” The changes are more rapid and intensive at higher concentration than at lower concentration, suggesting that the changes are dose dependent. Increase in thickness of epithelium covering secondary lamellae, merger of epithelium of gill filaments and adjacent secondary lamellae, and aneurysm is considered to reduce efficiency of gills for gaseous exchange. A significant decline in the density and area of the mucous goblet cells in the epithelium of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of C. mrigala exposed to “Nuvan” could be correlated with excessive loss of the secretory contents of these cells, uncompensated by their production in sufficient quantities. The histopathological changes, in general, take longer time to recover in the fishes exposed to 15 mg/L than those exposed to 5 mg/L indicating that the changes in fishes exposed to higher concentration are more severe than those at lower concentration of the insecticide.

scholarly journals Study on health status of farmed shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) in Mymensingh region

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Md Asek Uddin ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Rashedul Islam ◽  
Rabeya Yesmin ◽  
KM Abdul Halim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Heteropneustes Fossilis ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Gill Lamellae

Health status investigation of shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) was carried out through clinical and histopathological observations. During four months from January 2018 to April 2018. The data were collected from eight fish farms. Clinical signs of fish were physical deformity, reddish whitish lesions, abrasion and reduced mucus in the months of January and February from the investigated fish farms. Clinically fish were almost normal in the months of March and April. Histopathlogically observed pathological changes in gill were lamellar missing, splitted gill lamellae, hemorrhage, hypertrophy, vaccums and presence of parasites in January and February. In case of liver the examined fish had hemorrhage, vaccums, necrosis and fat bodies also in the months of January and February. Organs of the examined fishes were almost normal in the months of March and April. The purpose of the study was to determine the health status of farmed shing. The main objectives of the study were to observe clinical and histopathological changes in liver and gill of farmed shing (H. fossilis) at various fish farms of Mymensingh region and to determine the health status of the shing in the investigated months. From the present study, it was found that external organs like gill were more affected compared to internal organ like liver. From the present investigation, it was also observed that the fish were more affected in the months of January and February i.e. in winter season. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 445-455, December 2019

scholarly journals Experimental acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polyamide evisceration implant: a rabbit clinical and histopathology study

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Gomes Júnior ◽  
E.J. Nassar ◽  
F.A. Dórea Neto ◽  
A.E. Lima ◽  
E.F. Martins Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Ultrastructural Damage ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyamide implants in rabbits submitted to evisceration at the macroscopic and microstructure level and to assess clinical response and histopathological changes as well. For the experimental study implants of 12mm diameter were prepared by rapid prototyping, weighed and the outer and inner surfaces evaluated macroscopically and by electron microscopy. In addition, a compression test was performed and ultrastructural damage was then determined. After evisceration of the left eyeball, nine New Zealand rabbits received ABS implants and nine others received polyamide implants. The animals were assessed daily for 15 days after surgery and every seven days until the end of the study (90 days). Histopathological evaluation was performed at 15, 45 and 90 days after surgery. The ABS implants weighed approximately 0.44g, while the polyamide ones weighed 0.61g. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the ABS implants had regular-sized, equidistant micropores, while the polyamide ones showed micropores of various sizes. The force required to fracture the ABS implant was 14.39 ±0.60 Mpa, while for the polyamide one, it was 16.80 ±1.05 Mpa. Fifteen days after surgery, we observed centripetal tissue infiltration and scarce inflammatory infiltrate. Implants may be used in the filling of anophthalmic cavities, because they are inert, biocompatible and allow tissue integration.

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