scholarly journals The Sicilian Wolf: Genetic Identity of a Recently Extinct Insular Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco M. Angelici ◽  
Marta M. Ciucani ◽  
Sabrina Angelini ◽  
Flavia Annesi ◽  
Romolo Caniglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Insular Population

scholarly journals The Sicilian wolf: Genetic identity of a recently extinct insular population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Angelici ◽  
M.M. Ciucani ◽  
S. Angelini ◽  
F. Annesi ◽  
R. Caniglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Insular Population ◽  
Mtdna Variability

AbstractDuring historical times many local grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations underwent a substantial reduction of their sizes or became extinct. Among these, the wolf population once living in Sicily, the biggest island of the Mediterranean Sea, was completely eradicated by human persecution in the early decades of the XX century.In order to understand the genetic identity of the Sicilian wolf, we applied ancient DNA techniques to analyse the mitochondrial DNA of six specimens actually stored in Italian museums.We successfully amplified a diagnostic mtDNA fragment of the control region (CR) in four of the samples. Results showed that two samples shared the same haplotype, that differed by two substitutions from the currently most diffused Italian wolf haplotype (W14) and one substitution from the only other Italian haplotype (W16). The third sample showed a wolf-like haplotype never described before and the fourth a haplotype commonly found in dogs.Furthermore, all the wolf haplotypes detected in this study belonged to the mitochondrial haplogroup that includes haplotypes detected in all the known European Pleistocene wolves and in several modern southern European populations.Unfortunately, this endemic island population, bearing unique mtDNA variability, was definitively lost before it was possible to understand its taxonomic uniqueness and conservational value.

scholarly journals Genetic identity and genotype × genotype interactions between symbionts outweigh species level effects in an insect microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Smee ◽  
Sally A. Raines ◽  
Julia Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Multiple Species

AbstractMicrobial symbionts often alter the phenotype of their host. Benefits and costs to hosts depend on many factors, including host genotype, symbiont species and genotype, and environmental conditions. Here, we present a study demonstrating genotype-by-genotype (G×G) interactions between multiple species of endosymbionts harboured by an insect, and the first to quantify the relative importance of G×G interactions compared with species interactions in such systems. In the most extensive study to date, we microinjected all possible combinations of five Hamiltonella defensa and five Fukatsuia symbiotica (X-type; PAXS) isolates into the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. We applied several ecological challenges: a parasitoid wasp, a fungal pathogen, heat shock, and performance on different host plants. Surprisingly, genetic identity and genotype × genotype interactions explained far more of the phenotypic variation (on average 22% and 31% respectively) than species identity or species interactions (on average 12% and 0.4%, respectively). We determined the costs and benefits associated with co-infection, and how these compared to corresponding single infections. All phenotypes were highly reliant on individual isolates or interactions between isolates of the co-infecting partners. Our findings highlight the importance of exploring the eco-evolutionary consequences of these highly specific interactions in communities of co-inherited species.

The protection of genetic information

2010 ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
Juri Monducci
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Genetic Determinism ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
Right Not To Know ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
The Right

The law pertaining to personal data has developed in Italy over a thirty-year span that took us from recognition of such data in the case law, in 1975, to its statutory protection, in 2003. This evolution would subsequently come to the point of specifically regulating the processing of genetic data as data revealing an individual's genetic makeup, thereby also revealing the biological future of individuals and their offspring: this information describes an individual at a core level where the deepest, most unchangeable traits are found and can therefore nurture what is nowadays referred to as genetic determinism, which reduces the person to a complex of genetic data and so ignores the whole layer of characteristics that make each of us unique. There is, then, a discriminatory risk inherent in the processing of genetic data, and equally clear are the psychological implications of such processing, so much so that the need has arisen to have rules in place aimed at regulating the biotechnologies and genetics in particular. These rules have given birth to the so-called fourthgeneration rights, inclusive of the right to ones genetic identity and the right not to know ones genetics (although this is something that had been discussed earlier, too), and it is to a discussion of these rights that this essay is devoted.

Genetic identity of fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy and Walker-Warburg syndrome

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mieko Yoshioka ◽  
Tatsushi Toda ◽  
Shigekazu Kuroki
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Genetic Identity

scholarly journals Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20160811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino P. McMahon ◽  
Myrsini E. Natsopoulou ◽  
Vincent Doublet ◽  
Matthias Fürst ◽  
Silvio Weging ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Species Decline ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Population Loss ◽  
Genome Wide

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo . The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline.

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