scholarly journals DOES ECONOMIC INTEGRATION INCREASE FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION? SOME NEW EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Seema Wati Narayan ◽  
Tri Tung Nguyen ◽  
Xuan-Hoa Nghiem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Government Education ◽  
New Evidence

While several studies have, directly or indirectly, showed the importance of economic integration in job creation and destruction, direct empirical evidence for Female Labor Force Participation (FLFP) is still sparse. We take the case of Vietnam – a country that has come out of poverty largely due to her export-induced economic growth – and examine the impacts on FLFP of economic integration over the period 1999-2014. Our results suggest that Vietnam’s export sector, which relies heavily on foreign direct investment and free trade agreements, is an important contributor to FLFP. Economic integration with high-income countries (compared to middle- and low-income countries) was found to be most beneficial to FLFP in Vietnam. Our results also indicate that some traditional drivers of FLFP (such as fertility rate, health status, female adolescents out of secondary school, government education spending, and standard of living) became more (or less) important as Vietnam became more economically integrated.

scholarly journals Formal and informal entrepreneurship: a cross-country policy perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Laing ◽  
André van Stel ◽  
David J. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Informal Entrepreneurship ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Employment Rates

AbstractThis paper distinguishes between formal and informal entrepreneurship. It theorises that each are influenced by very different combinations of macro-economic factors and strongly moderated by country income levels. Empirically, we show the ease of starting a business and high-quality governance, exert a powerful influence on formal, but not informal entrepreneurship. The latter is influenced by self-employment rates in low-income countries and by female labour force participation in high-income countries. Policy-makers seeking to improve economic welfare through enhancing entrepreneurship therefore have to choose the ‘type’ of entrepreneurship on which to focus and then select appropriate policies. By providing a novel grouping of these policies, we are able to assist them in making these choices.

How Has the Middle Fared in the Netherlands? A Tale of Stagnation and Population Shifts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiemer Salverda ◽  
Stefan Thewissen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Wage Moderation ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Dual Income ◽  
Household Incomes

This chapter sets out how inequality and real incomes across the distribution evolved in the Netherlands from the late 1970s through the economic Crisis. Inequality grew, though not dramatically, while wages showed remarkably little real increase. This meant that real income increases for households relied for the most part on the growth in female labour-force participation and in dual-income couples. The chapter highlights the major changes in population and household structures that underpinned the observed changes in household incomes at different points in the distribution. It also sets out key features of the institutional structures in the labour market and broader welfare state, and the centrality of the priority given to wage moderation and the maintenance of competitiveness in the growth model adopted throughout the period.

The third birth in Great Britain

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wright ◽  
John F. Ermisch ◽  
P. R. Andrew Hinde ◽  
Heather E. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between female labour force participation, and other socioeconomic factors, and the probability of having a third birth is examined, using British data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, by hazard regression modelling with time-varying covariates. The results demonstrate the strong association between demographic factors, e.g. age at first birth and birth interval and subsequent fertility behaviour. Education appears to have little effect. Surprisingly, women who have spent a higher proportion of time as housewives have a lower risk of having a third birth. This finding is in sharp disagreement with the conventional expectation that cumulative labour force participation supports lower fertility. These findings are briefly compared with similar research carried out in Sweden.

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