scholarly journals The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Status on Fetal Growth and Stunting: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Nareesa Karmali ◽  
Kanisha Blake ◽  
Brownmagnus Olivers ◽  
Sussan Ekejiuba ◽  
Romuladus Azuine
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

Background and Objective: Impaired fetal growth and stunting remain immense public health problems involving maternal nutrition during pregnancy, as linear growth failure in children is the most common form of undernutrition across the world. Although both are preventable through adequate prenatal care and nutrition, impaired fetal growth and stunting continue to be implicated in multiple child health morbidities, physical, and psychological functioning. Recent knowledge and requirements for normal fetal and neonatal development are lacking. This systematic review investigates the effects of maternal vitamin D status on fetal growth and stunting. Methods: We reviewed three widely-used publications databases: the National Institutes of Health’s PubMed, Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science, and Google Scholar using pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria and keyword search strategy. Studies from 2010 to 2020 were included if they reported vitamin D levels on pregnant women, indicated growth outcomes and used quantitative measurements. We excluded non-English language studies, studies with ambiguous outcomes, studies that did not specify vitamin D intake, and studies that involved other maternal health complications. The search was implemented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: Out of a total of 2,481 studies reviewed, we identified 8 studies on vitamin D and fetal growth and stunting. Published literature addressing maternal vitamin D status on fetal growth and stunting remains ambiguous. Five studies demonstrated improvements in fetal and humerus z-scores, which are known proxies for fetal growth, in groups with higher vitamin D status. Three studies found no statistical significance between vitamin D levels and fetal growth. Vitamin D status and ethnicity were correlated; vitamin D interacts with calcium levels in pregnant mothers to improve bone mineralization and fetal growth. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between maternal vitamin D, ethnicity, and fetal growth and the long-term effects of maternal vitamin D levels on neonatal, early childhood, and adolescent growth.   Copyright © 2021 Karmali et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 3165-3173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Tabesh ◽  
Amin Salehi-Abargouei ◽  
Maryam Tabesh ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

scholarly journals Maternal Vitamin D Status and Its Effect on Vitamin D Levels in Early Infancy in a Tertiary Care Centre in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kaneshapillai Anusha ◽  
Usha Hettiaratchi ◽  
Dulani Gunasekera ◽  
Shamini Prathapan ◽  
Guwani Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

Epidemiologic studies from South Asian countries have reported vitamin D deficiency among all age groups. However, there is very little information on vitamin D levels, especially in the vulnerable populations (pregnant/breast feeding mother and infants) in Sri Lanka. More data on vitamin D status of such populations will be important for policy decisions to be made at a national level. Similarly, it will be valuable for healthcare programs in other countries (e.g., United States, Australia, Europe, and Canada) as Sri Lankans are a fast-growing migrant population to those countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate maternal vitamin D status and its effects on infants in a state sector tertiary care centre in Sri Lanka. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 140 healthy pregnant mothers in the third trimester (mean gestational age 39±1 weeks). Blood was collected for 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Sun exposure and feeding patterns of the infants were recorded based on maternal reporting. Mean age of the infants at follow-up visit was 36±7 days. Vitamin D (25 (OH)D) deficiency (<25 nmol/L) was observed in 12% pregnant mothers, 5% lactating mothers, and 63% infants. Insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) was found in an additional 51% and 43% in pregnant and lactating mothers and 25% of infants. Mean 25(OH)D was higher in pregnant (46.4±17.5 nmol/L) and lactating (51.9±17.0 nmol/L) mothers than infants (28.1±13.7 nmol/L). Maternal vitamin D level during pregnancy was a significant risk factor (OR: 6.00, 95%CI: 1.522-23.655) for infant deficiency and insufficiency. Sun exposure of infants showed a significant positive correlation with vitamin D level (OR: 3.23, 95%CI: 1.19-8.68). In conclusion, the presence of Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is higher in infants compared to pregnant/lactating mothers. Low maternal 25(OH)D during pregnancy was a risk factor for deficiency in infants. Although majority of lactating mothers had sufficient vitamin D, most of their exclusively breastfed offspring were deficient.

scholarly journals Impact of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy on the prevalence of neonatal vitamin D deficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser F. Aly ◽  
Mohamed A. El Koumi ◽  
Rehab N. Abd El Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Maternal Vitamin D Status

Maternal vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon. The lack of vitamin D during pregnancy may result in poor fetal growth and altered neonatal development that may persist into later life. Recognition of risk factors and early detection of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is important in order to prevent neonatal vitamin D deficiency and related complications. The aim of the current study is to assess the effect of maternal vitamin D status on the neonatal vitamin D stores. A total of 92 pregnant women at the end of the 3rd trimester and their newborns were recruited from Al Khafji Joint Operation Hospital, Saudi Arabia, during the year 2011. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken for determination of serum levels of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentration, serum calcium (Ca++), phosphorus (PO4) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Compared with pregnant women with adequate vitamin D levels, women deficient in vitamin D had infants with vitamin D deficiency (X±SD 33.44±18.33 nmol/L <em>vs</em> 55.39±17.37 nmol/L, P=0.01). Maternal and neonatal serum 25(OH)D3 levels showed a positive correlation with serum Ca++ and negative correlation with serum PO4 and ALP. Neonatal 25(OH)D was related to maternal 3rd trimester levels (r=0.89, P=0.01). The newborn serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations rely on maternal vitamin D status. Poor maternal vitamin D status may adversely affect neonatal vitamin D status and, consequently, calcium homeostasis.

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