Simulation and Analysis of Force on Human Leg by Finite Element Model at the Moment of Wave Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Xiangkui Chen
Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4468
Author(s):  
Hazem Ahmad ◽  
Amr Elnemr ◽  
Nazam Ali ◽  
Qudeer Hussain ◽  
Krisada Chaiyasarn ◽  
...  

Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is a competitive solution for the durability of reinforced structures. This paper aims to observe the moment redistribution behavior occurring due to flexural and shear loading in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer- (GFRP) reinforced continuous concrete beams. A rectangular cross-section was adopted in this study with dimensions of 200 mm in width and 300 mm in depth with a constant shear span-to-depth ratio of 3. The reinforcement ratio for the top and bottom were equal at sagging and hogging moment regions. A finite element model was created using Analysis System (ANSYS) and validated with the existing experimental results in the literature review. Based on the literature review, the parametric study was conducted on twelve beam specimens to evaluate the influence of concrete compressive strength, transversal GFRP stirrups ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the redistribution of the moment in beams. Several codes and guidelines adopted different analytical models. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) S806 adopted the modified compression field theory in predicting the shear capacity of the simply supported beams. Recently, various researchers encountered several factors and modifications to account for concrete contribution, longitudinal, and transverse reinforcement. A comparison between the predicting shear capacity of the generated finite element model, the analytical model, and the existing data from the literature was performed. The generated finite element model showed a good agreement with the experimental results, while the beam specimens failed in shear after undergoing significant moment redistribution from hogging to sagging moment region. The moment distribution observed about 21.5% from FEM of beam specimen GN-1.2-0.48-d, while the experimental results achieved 24% at failure load. For high strength concrete presented in beam specimen GH-1.2-0.63-d, the result showed about 20.2% moment distribution, compared to that achieved experimentally of 23% at failure load.


Author(s):  
M. Behbahanifard ◽  
J. J. R. Cheng ◽  
D. W. Murray ◽  
Joe Zhou ◽  
K. Adams ◽  
...  

A composite finite element model for cold bend simulation of energy pipelines is presented in this paper. Four-node shell elements with material and geometric nonlinearity are used to model a pipe in straight condition. An elastic pipe, having the same nodal coordinates as the main pipe along with elastic radial links are used as a tool to prevent local buckling and ovalization of the main pipe during the cold bend process. By dividing the elastic pipe into series of rings along the axis of the pipe and by conducting a four-step procedure, residual curvature is developed in a specific segment of a pipe. Based on the proposed concept, different methods of cold bending are discussed and the results are presented. University of Alberta cold bend trials were used to validate the proposed finite element model. The moment-curvature response, pattern of imperfections, and distribution of maximum residual strains are obtained by the finite element model and compared with the test results.


Author(s):  
Sofia Puerto Tchemodanova ◽  
Daniel Baxter ◽  
Shayla Olson

Continuous steel plate girder bridges often use intermediate expansion joints located at in-span hinges to divide the superstructure into individual units with shorter expansion lengths. One common type of in-span hinge is often termed a “shiplap joint.” This type of joint is located away from piers near the moment inflection point of the span, maximizing girder efficiency. It consists of a cantilevered portion of the superstructure supporting a suspended portion of the latter on bearings placed on dapped portions of the steel plate girders. Few references are available for the evaluation and load rating of shiplap in-span hinges used in steel girder bridges. In this study, the strength and stability of a typical shiplap hinge connection is evaluated using two methodologies: a 3D finite element model including a detailed mesh of the connection; and a proposed simplified methodology based on design equations. Load ratings of the connections based on these methodologies are compared. The proposed approach allows for a conservative assessment of the hinge without the need for a detailed finite element model.


Author(s):  
W. Stalin Alcívar ◽  
Néxar Josué Párraga Zambrano ◽  
Juan Carlos Vélez Chunga

  Para vigas de hormigón armado el confinamiento mediante el refuerzo transversal mejora su desempeño a flexión (acción simultánea de tracción y compresión), permitiendo mayor resistencia y como consecuencia mayores deformaciones, a la vez que incrementa la ductilidad del elemento, misma propiedad que relaciona la capacidad estructural en el rango elástico y plástico en función de los desplazamientos, todo esto resumido en la gráfica momento-curvatura (M-Φ). El presente trabajo muestra la comparación teórico-experimental del comportamiento a flexión de vigas de hormigón armado mediante la gráfica momento-curvatura, partiendo de una viga base con geometría estándar preestablecida, que se ensaya con una configuración de simple apoyo sometida a una fuerza puntual creciente en el centro de la luz que delimita su deformación. A partir de resultados de ensayos experimentales realizados en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí se genera la gráfica momento curvatura (M-Φ), misma que es confrontada con la obtenida a partir de softwares de elementos finitos y puesta en consideración en base a las teorías clásicas de la flexión del hormigón. En virtud de los resultados obtenidos a partir de la calibración de un modelo de elementos finitos con un porcentaje de error del 2,89% en función de los puntos de cedencia de la gráfica momento-curvatura entre el modelo experimental y el modelo de elementos finitos, se llega a la conclusión de que el elemento puesto en estudio sufre los mismos efectos de fallas (falla primaria: dúctil, falla secundaria: frágil) las cuales están determinadas por el comportamiento que adquiere la gráfica momento curvatura (M-Φ) en dependencia de las deformaciones de los materiales.   Palabras claves: Deformaciones, desplazamientos, gráfica momento curvatura, ensayos experimentales, elementos finitos, teorías clásicas.   Abstract— For reinforced concrete beams, confinement through transverse reinforcement improves their flexural performance (simultaneous action of tension and compression), allowing greater resistance and consequently greater deformations, while increasing the ductility of the element, the same property that relates to capacity. Structural in the elastic and plastic range as a function of the displacements, all this summarized in the moment-curvature graph (M-Φ). The present work shows the theoretical-experimental comparison of the bending behavior of reinforced concrete beams through the moment-curvature graph, starting from a base beam with pre-established standard geometry, which is tested with a simple support configuration subjected to an increasing point force in the center of the light that defines its deformation. From the results of experimental tests carried out at the Universidad Técnica de Manabí, the curvature moment graph (M-Φ) is generated, which is compared with that obtained from finite element software and taken into consideration based on classical theories. of concrete flexure. By virtue of the results obtained from the calibration of a finite element model with an error percentage of 2.89% as a function of the yield points of the moment-curvature graph between the experimental model and the finite element model , it is concluded that the element under study suffers the same failure effects (primary failure: ductile, secondary failure: brittle) which are determined by the behavior acquired by the curve moment graph (M-Φ) in dependence of the deformations of the materials. Index Terms: Strains, displacement, moment curvature graph, experimental essays, finite elements, classical theories.


1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Tseng ◽  
R. G. Pelle ◽  
J. P. Chang

Abstract A finite element model was developed to simulate the tire-rim interface. Elastomers were modeled by nonlinear incompressible elements, whereas plies were simulated by cord-rubber composite elements. Gap elements were used to simulate the opening between tire and rim at zero inflation pressure. This opening closed when the inflation pressure was increased gradually. The predicted distribution of contact pressure at the tire-rim interface agreed very well with the available experimental measurements. Several variations of the tire-rim interference fit were analyzed.


1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. V. Pidaparti

Abstract A three-dimensional (3D) beam finite element model was developed to investigate the torsional stiffness of a twisted steel-reinforced cord-rubber belt structure. The present 3D beam element takes into account the coupled extension, bending, and twisting deformations characteristic of the complex behavior of cord-rubber composite structures. The extension-twisting coupling due to the twisted nature of the cords was also considered in the finite element model. The results of torsional stiffness obtained from the finite element analysis for twisted cords and the two-ply steel cord-rubber belt structure are compared to the experimental data and other alternate solutions available in the literature. The effects of cord orientation, anisotropy, and rubber core surrounding the twisted cords on the torsional stiffness properties are presented and discussed.


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