Anemia and The Level of IL-6 in Children Infected with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia

The relation between anemia and inflammatory immune response has lately had much attention. This research was conducted from October 2018 until April 2019, including (110) children below 12 years from both gender in some Hospitals, Primary Health care centers, Public Primary Schools and Kindergarten in Baghdad, Iraq. The objective of this study is to determine the possible correlation between iron deficiency anemia and inflammatory immune response among children infected with Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia. Blood samples were taken from all groups to measure hemoglobin level, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), while the inflammatory related immune response was evaluated by measuring IL-6 and ferritin. Student T-Test was used to compare between means. The results showed that both hemoglobin and iron concentrations were significantly (P) ˂ 0.01 lower in infected children compared with control, as well as both IL-6 and ferritin levels were significant where (P) ˂0.05 amplified among infected children compared to control. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was observed in the majority of infected children, while normocytic normochromic RBCs was recorded in the majority of control children.

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Diets containing naturally occurring iron or naturally occurring iron plus supplemental ferrous sulfate both maintain normal hematological status in adult dogs

Journal of Food Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.31487/j.jfnm.2019.02.02 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Anna K. Shoveller ◽

Debbie Minikhiem ◽

Gail Kuhlman ◽

Cara Cargo-Froom ◽

Kathy Boebel

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Ferrous Sulfate ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Test Diet ◽

Naturally Occurring

Iron is an essential mineral for dogs due to its roles in physiological processes. The NRC recommends the adequate intake for iron in adult dogs is 0.5 mg/kg of body weight. While iron should be present in high enough concentrations in the diet to maintain normal hematological status and prevent iron deficiency anemia, too much dietary iron can increase lipid oxidation in the food during preparation and storage, subsequently reducing shelf life, palatability, and nutritional content of foods. In general, iron is supplemented to diets to ensure that no dogs are deficient. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a diet containing either 0 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg supplemental iron to support normal hematological parameters in adult dogs. Twenty-two adult dogs were randomly assigned to one of two treatment diets: Test Diet 1, Experimental maintenance formula with 115 mg/kg endogenous iron + 0 mg/kg supplemental iron; and Test Diet 2, Experimental maintenance formula with 115 mg/kg endogenous iron + 80 mg/kg supplemental iron (ferrous sulfate). Dogs consumed treatment diets for 26 weeks, with clinical assessments (e.g., hemoglobin concentration/total iron binding capacity) assessed throughout the trial (0, 2, 4, and 6 months). Baseline iron related endpoints were not different between diet treatments (P > 0.50), except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (P = 0.046). No differences were found for iron related end points between the two diet treatments (P>0.05) at any time point. In some diets no supplemental iron will be needed, based on the diet matrix, whereas others may require some supplemental iron. By reducing iron inclusion in the formulations of canine diets, food stability and shelf life may be improved. This reduction in supplemental iron can also reduce cost of formulation, benefiting food manufacturers, consumers, and adult dogs.

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Impact of Subclinical Haemoproteus columbae Infection on Farmed Domestic Pigeons from Central Java (Yogyakarta), Indonesia, with Special Reference to Changes in the Hemogram

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040440 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 440

Author(s):

Imron Rosyadi ◽

Siti Isrina Oktavia Salasia ◽

Bayanzul Argamjav ◽

Hiroshi Sato

Keyword(s):

Chronic Phase ◽

Hypochromic Anemia ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Columba Livia ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Haemoproteus Columbae ◽

Central Java ◽

Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽

Domestic Pigeons

Pigeon haemoproteosis caused by Haemoproteus columbae (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) is globally prevalent in rock doves (Columba livia), although little is known regarding this disease in pigeons and doves in Indonesia. Blood samples of 35 farmed domestic pigeons (C. livia f. domestica) from four localities in Yogyakarta Special Region, Central Java, Indonesia, were collected from March to June, 2016, subjected to a hemogram, and analyzed for the presence of hemoprotozoan infections. Microscopic examination of blood smears revealed a prevalence of 62.5–100% of H. columbae at the four localities (n = 8–10 for each locality), and geometric means of 3.0–5.6% of erythrocytes were parasitized by young and mature gametocytes, suggesting that all infected pigeons were in the chronic phase of infection with repeated recurrences and/or reinfections. Nucleotide sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) for haemosporidian species demonstrated the distribution of four major cytb lineages of H. columbae (mainly HAECOL1, accompanied by COLIV03, COQUI05, and CXNEA02 according to the MalAvi database). Hemogram analysis, involving the estimation of packed cell volume, erythrocyte counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and plasma protein and fibrinogen levels of 20 parasitized pigeons and five non-infected pigeons demonstrated significant macrocytic hypochromic anemia with hypoproteinemia and hyperfibrinogenemia in the infected pigeons. This study shows the profound impact of long-lasting subclinical pigeon haemoproteosis caused by H. columbae on the health of farmed domestic pigeons.

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The association between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizure

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2019-0083 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Parviz Karimi ◽

Koroush Sayehmiri ◽

Milad Azami ◽

Zeinab Tardeh

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Febrile Seizure ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Abstract Objective Different studies have reported contradictory results regarding the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and febrile seizure (FS). The present study was conducted to determine the effect of IDA on FS in children. Patients and methods This case-control study was conducted among 52 children with FS (the case group) and 18 children with afebrile seizures and 51 children with fever without seizures in the age range of 6 months to 5 years admitted to the pediatric ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam from March 2016 to January 2017. Patients were selected using the convenience sampling method. Red blood cell (RBC) count as well as measurement of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were performed in all patients. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results A total of 34.6% in the FS group, 66.7% in the afebrile seizure group and 41.2% in the fever without seizure group suffered from IDA, which was not statistically significant between the three groups. Hb, Hct and RBC levels were higher in the case group and MCV, MCH, MCHC levels in the case group were lower than those in the control group. The odds ratio (OR) for FS compared to the febrile group was 0.756 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34–1.68; p = 0.493] and that for FS compared to seizure was 0.265 (95% CI = 0.085–0.823; p = 0.022). Conclusions This study showed that IDA may have protective effects on the onset of FS, and based on the results, IDA is more common in children with afebrile seizures. Further and more comprehensive studies are recommended.

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Hematologic Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Llamas

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589202900505 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 400-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. E. Morin ◽

F. B. Garry ◽

M. G. Weiser ◽

M. J. Fettman ◽

L. W. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Iron Therapy ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Volume Distribution ◽

Mean Cell Volume ◽

Parenteral Iron

Iron deficiency anemia was identified and characterized in three 14 to 29-month-old male llamas (llama Nos. 1–3) from separate herds in Colorado. The identification of iron deficiency anemia was based on hypoferremia (serum iron = 20–60 μg/dl), erythrocytic features, and hematologic response to iron therapy. The anemia was moderate and nonregenerative and characterized by erythrocyte hypochromia, microcytosis (mean cell volume = 15–18 fl), and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (36.0–41.0 g/dl). Morphologic features unique to llamas with iron deficiency anemia included irregular distribution of hypochromia within erythrocytes and increased folded cells and dacryocytes. The cause of iron deficiency was not determined. The llamas were treated with various doses and schedules of parenteral iron dextran. Two of the llamas were monitored for up to 14 months after the start of iron therapy and experienced increases in hematocrit and mean cell volume values. In one llama, progressive replacement of microcytic cells with normal cells was visualized on sequential erythrocyte volume distribution histograms following iron therapy.

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Efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in Indian pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20214471 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vidya Bhat ◽

Brunda Kiran ◽

Girish Deshmukh ◽

Ketan Kulkarni ◽

Ajinkya Rodge

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Real Life ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Ferric Carboxymaltose ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Open Label ◽

Fatigue Score

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a significant problem worldwide particularly in women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in in Indian pregnant women with anemia.Method: This was a single centre, prospective, observational, open label, clinical study at real life scenario with 4 weeks follow up. Fifty pregnant women with IDA and visiting to the Radhakrishna multispecialty hospital, Bangalore, for antenatal care were enrolled for the study. IV FCM was given as per the standard protocol. Change in the laboratory parameters such as hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), packed cell volume (PCV) level at baseline and after 4 weeks of completion of parenteral iron therapy was recorded and fatigue score was assessed. The pregnant women were monitored for the adverse events. Results: All pregnant women received a single IV infusion of FCM 1000 mg. A significant increase in the hemoglobin of 2.37±0.51 g/dl (p<0.001) was noted at 4 weeks, MCV rise of 19.89±21.94 (p<0.001) was noted at 4 weeks, MCHC rise was of 2.56±5.65 and PCV rise was of 4.45±2.67 (p<0.011) at over 4 weeks. Significant improvement in fatigue score was observed at 4 weeks after single FCM infusion. No adverse effects were observed in any pregnant woman throughout the duration of the study.Conclusions: This real-life observational study highlights IV FCM is effective in management of IDA in pregnant women and well tolerated. Trial registration number: CTRI/2021/02/030874

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Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among schoolchildren in Um-Asher Area, Sudan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-61761/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Khalid Hajissa ◽

Abd Elhafiz M.A. Muhajir ◽

Tmador Abd All ◽

M.S. Zakeia ◽

Hamza Adam Eshag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽

Health Concern ◽

Health Issues ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

Fresh Stool

Abstract Objective: Infections with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are widely prevalent and responsible for serious public health issues among school-aged children in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these parasites among children from two primary schools in Um-Asher area, Khartoum, Sudan. A total 170 fresh stool specimens were collected from November 2017 to June 2018. The samples were examined by microscopy for the presence of the two parasites. Results: The overall prevalence of both parasites among the 170 children was 20%, with 13 children infected with E. histolytica (7.6%) and 23 with G. lamblia (13.5%). Most of the positive cases were single infections. Only two children (1.2%) had mixed infections. This indicates that these gastrointestinal parasites remain a challenging public health concern wherever sanitation and health measures are limited.

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Erythrocyte Volume Distribution Analysis and Hematologic Changes in Dogs with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588302000211 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 230-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

G. Weiser ◽

M. O'Grady

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Transferrin Saturation ◽

Blood Film ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Volume Distribution ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Erythrocyte Volume

Hematologic features were characterized in 12 dogs with iron deficiency anemia attributable to chronic external blood loss. Consistent abnormalities in hemograms included moderate to marked reticulocytosis, decreased mean corpuscular volume, and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Hypoproteinemia occurred in only four of 12 dogs. Consistent blood film findings included hypochromic cells, leptocytosis, and erythrocyte fragmentation. These dogs had significantly decreased serum iron values (p < 0.001) and percent transferrin saturation values (p < 0.001) compared with 33 clinically healthy adult dogs. The total iron binding capacity values of these dogs were not significantly different (p > 0.5) than those of the healthy dogs. Using erythrocyte volume distribution curves, the percentages of microcytic cells (≤ 45 fl) were determined to range from 20% to 82%. Sequential changes in erythrocyte subpopulations were evaluated in four dogs which received iron therapy. The hematologic response consisted of fairly rapid restoration of packed cell volume by production of normocytes followed by a more gradual replacement of residual microcytes by new normocytes.

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Iron Deficiency and Anemia: A Common Problem in Female Elite Soccer Players

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.15.6.689 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 689-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Göran Landahl ◽

Peter Adolfsson ◽

Mats Börjesson ◽

Clas Mannheimer ◽

Stig Rödjer

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Iron Status ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

World Cup ◽

National Team ◽

Iron Binding Capacity

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among elite women soccer players. Hemoglobin, serum iron, serum total iron binding capacity, and ferritin were determined in 28 female soccer players called up for the national team. Of the investigated female soccer players, 57% had iron deficiency and 29% iron deficiency anemia 6 months before the FIFA Women’s World Cup. It is concluded that iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is common in female soccer players at the top international level. Some might suffer from relative anemia and measurement of hemoglobin alone is not sufficient to reveal relative anemia. Regular monitoring of hemoglobin concentration and iron status is necessary to institute iron supplementation when indicated.

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Correlation of red cell indices and hemoglobin concentration with serum ferritin among iron deficiency anemia patients

Biomedicine ◽

10.51248/.v39i2.194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 268-273

Author(s):

N. L Sharanya Raj ◽

U Ajay Sharma ◽

M. L Revathi Devi ◽

S. M Purushothama ◽

S. N Manjunath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Red Cell ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Red Cell Indices

Introduction and Aim: Iron deficiency anemia is the commonest cause of anemia in developing country like India in all age groups. It is most easy to prevent as well as to treat. Its diagnosis and treatment are based on serum ferritin levels in developed countries which is not possible in India at primary healthcare setting. This study was undertaken to explore if red cell indices could replace serum ferritin in detecting iron deficiency. Materials and Methods: Study of association of red cell indices like Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Red cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Hemoglobin concentration (Hb%) with iron deficiency anemia and the correlation of these Red cell indices and Hb% with serum ferritin was done in 220 anemia patients of all age groups with Hb% <12g/dL. Results: Descriptive data showed skewed distribution of serum ferritin. Statistically significant reduction in all red cell indices values among iron deficiency anemia patients and statistically significant correlation of all red cell indices values except red cell distribution width with serum ferritin was found. Conclusion: Unlike developed countries we can use simple estimation of hemoglobin concentration along with red cell indices for diagnosing iron deficiency anemia in primary healthcare setting of India.

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Differential evaluation of iron metabolism in children with hypochromic anemia

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped7127-31 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 27-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ksenia I Pshenichnaya ◽

Yuliya I Zhilenkova

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Metabolism ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Hypochromic Anemia ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Differential Evaluation ◽

Diagnostic Center ◽

Thalassemia Minor ◽

Average Serum ◽

Iron Binding Capacity

In the article are presented the indicators of iron metabolism in the two groups of children with hypochromic anemia in age from 7 months to 16 years who were examined in the Consultative and Diagnostic Center for Children of St. Petersburg: 28 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 21 patients with thalassemia minor. Characteristic changes are marked at children with IDA: reduced average iron and ferritin of serum and increasing the total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and soluble transferrin receptor (RTR). Children with thalassemia minor are characterized normal average serum iron, TIBC and ferritin, and a slight increase in RTR. But when we’ve analyzed the vibrations of each of these parameters in different groups of children, we founded a more diverse spectrum of disorders that may be associated with a combination thalassemia minor and iron deficiency, as well as the presence of comorbidities and conducted recently therapy by ferrum. Conclusion: it is necessary to evaluate the maximum number of biochemical parameters of iron metabolism, taking into account premorbid background and comorbidity.

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