Perforate, Wash and Cement PWC Verification Process and an Industry Standard for Barrier Acceptance Criteria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Delabroy ◽  
David Rodrigues ◽  
Espen Norum ◽  
Martin Straume ◽  
Knut H. Halvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Verification Process

Annulus Perforate, Wash and Cement : Establishing Barrier Verification Process for Deepwater Subsea Wells Abandonment and Its Lessons Learnt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shahril Majid Allapitchai ◽  
Ahmad Luqman Johan ◽  
El Khalil Mohamed M’Bareck Heboul ◽  
Sattiyaraju Sellapan ◽  
William Sin Yoong Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
After Action Review ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Verification Process

Abstract Wells plug & abandonment was carried out in a deepwater field (Field C) offshore West Africa. There were 15 deepwater subsea wells, in this field. Thirteen of the wells were completed with Open Water Vertical Xmas Tree (OXT) while remaining two were completed with Enhanced Vertical Xmas Tree (EVXT). All the wells were permanently abandoned with permanent barriers established in accordance to Norsok D-010, rev. 2013. This involved establishing well barriers which would both horizontally and vertically effective. The operator evaluated several methods in establishing well barriers for the permanent abandonment purpose of these 15 wells. The barriers placement for areas with good annulus cement were straightforward as an internal cement plug could be spotted as a permanent barrier. For this particular field, it is noted that all of the 15 wells have hydrocarbon bearing and permeable formations above the top of expected annulus lead cement which is designed basically to manage ECD during cementing job rather than giving good annular isolation. Due to this, it is important for the operator to employ the best technique that could establish a permanent cement barrier both inside the casing and in the annulus at the same time. Operator learned that Section Milling was the widely accepted method to establish barrier in cases where there is poor cement or the annulus cement is not present particularly in land and offshore wells. However, this technique poses severe operational risk especially in a deepwater operation mode. Upon review, it was determined that Perforate, Wash and Cement (PWC) technology has been proven and it would become a valuable technique in establishing well barrier which complies with abandonment requirement as per the industry guidelines. High risk activities for deepwater operations such as section milling could be avoided by employing this method. Nonetheless, the Perforate, Wash and Cement (PWC) technology has its own set of risks especially with its method of establishing the well barrier immediately upon setting it. This involves drilling and re-logging the well immediately after setting the cement in annulus to prove the barrier. Upon discussion with PWC contractor, it was agreed that the verification technique may create additional hazards as it could jeopardize the integrity of the installed barrier in the annulus. The additional requirement for cement verification process will also prolong the project duration, hence is an additional cost to the project too. Operator worked together with the Perforate Wash and Cement (PWC) Contractor and Well Examiner to determine the best verification method for PWC plugs with the objective to comply with regulation on cement verification while at the same time, resulting in most cost-efficient and time-efficient operation. The establishment of Element Acceptance Criteria as an alternative Barrier Verification Process for PWC technology is necessary to improve the reliability of the system as well as reducing associated risks. In total, 18 PWC operations were successfully carried out throughout the campaign. An extensive after action review was conducted at the completion of each job to capture the valuable lessons learnt. These lessons learnt are shared in this paper as well which could add value for future operations with similar settings. It is expected that this paper will serve as a reference in the establishment of Element Acceptance Criteria as well as its implementation during the P&A campaign. It is hoped that the lessons learnt shared in the paper could assist other Operators on planning for similar campaigns in the future.

Improvement of Quality Acceptance Criteria in Two-Wheeler Segment Using Qfd & Ahp

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
MOEIN AKHTAR SHEIKH ◽  
◽  
Abhishek Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Two Wheeler

Discovery of a Difluoroglycine Synthesis Method through Quantum Chemical Calculations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Mita ◽  
Yu Harabuchi ◽  
Satoshi Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Retrosynthetic Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Verification Process

The systematic exploration of synthetic pathways to afford a desired product through quantum chemical calculations remains a considerable challenge. In 2013, Maeda et al. introduced ‘quantum chemistry aided retrosynthetic analysis’ (QCaRA), which uses quantum chemical calculations to search systematically for decomposition paths of the target product and propose a synthesis method. However, until now, no new reactions suggested by QCaRA have been reported to lead to experimental discoveries. Using a difluoroglycine derivative as a target, this study investigated the ability of QCaRA to suggest various synthetic paths to the target without relying on previous data or the knowledge and experience of chemists. Furthermore, experimental verification of the seemingly most promising path led to the discovery of a synthesis method for the difluoroglycine derivative. The extent of the hands-on expertise of chemists required during the verification process was also evaluated. These insights are expected to advance the applicability of QCaRA to the discovery of viable experimental synthetic routes.

Discovery of a Difluoroglycine Synthesis Method through Quantum Chemical Calculations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Mita ◽  
Yu Harabuchi ◽  
Satoshi Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chemical Calculations ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Retrosynthetic Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Verification Process

The systematic exploration of synthetic pathways to afford a desired product through quantum chemical calculations remains a considerable challenge. In 2013, Maeda et al. introduced ‘quantum chemistry aided retrosynthetic analysis’ (QCaRA), which uses quantum chemical calculations to search systematically for decomposition paths of the target product and propose a synthesis method. However, until now, no new reactions suggested by QCaRA have been reported to lead to experimental discoveries. Using a difluoroglycine derivative as a target, this study investigated the ability of QCaRA to suggest various synthetic paths to the target without relying on previous data or the knowledge and experience of chemists. Furthermore, experimental verification of the seemingly most promising path led to the discovery of a synthesis method for the difluoroglycine derivative. The extent of the hands-on expertise of chemists required during the verification process was also evaluated. These insights are expected to advance the applicability of QCaRA to the discovery of viable experimental synthetic routes.

Ru Passivated and Ru Doped e-TaN surfaces as Combined Barrier and Liner Material for Copper Interconnects: A First Principles Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Natarajan ◽  
Cara-Lena Nies ◽  
Michael Nolan
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Copper Interconnects ◽  
Liner Material ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Cu Film ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Diffusion

<div>As the critical dimensions of transistors continue to be scaled down to facilitate improved performance and device speeds, new ultrathin materials that combine diffusion barrier and seed/liner properties are needed for copper interconnects at these length scales. Ideally, to facilitate coating of high aspect ratio structures, this alternative barrier+liner material should only consist of one or as few layers as possible. We studied TaN, the current industry standard for Cu diffusion barriers, and Ru, which is a</div><div>suitable liner material for Cu electroplating, to explore how combining these two materials in a barrier+liner material influences the adsorption of Cu atoms in the early stage of Cu film growth. To this end, we carried out first-principles simulations of the adsorption and diffusion of Cu adatoms at Ru-passivated and Ru-doped e-TaN(1 1 0) surfaces. For comparison, we also studied the behaviour of Cu and Ru adatoms at the low index surfaces of e-TaN, as well as the interaction of Cu adatoms with the (0 0 1) surface of hexagonal Ru. Our results confirm the barrier and liner properties of TaN and Ru, respectively while also highlighting the weaknesses of both materials. Ru passivated TaN was found to have improved binding with Cu adatoms as compared to the bare TaN and Ru surfaces.</div><div>On the other hand, the energetic barrier for Cu diffusion at Ru passivated TaN surface was lower than at the bare TaN surface which can promote Cu agglomeration. For Ru-doped TaN however, a decrease in Cu binding energy was found in addition to favourable migration of the Cu adatoms toward the doped Ru atom and unfavourable migration away from it or into the bulk. This suggests that Ru doping sites in the TaN surface can act as nucleation points for Cu growth with high migration barrier preventing agglomeration and allow electroplating of Cu. Therefore Ru-doped TaN is proposed as a candidate for a combined barrier+liner material with reduced thickness.</div>

Evaluasi Telemarketing Kartu Kredit Bank Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika untuk Seleksi Fitur dan Naive Bayes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ekka Pujo Ariesanto Akhmad
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Industry Standard

<strong> </strong>Bagian pemasaran bank sudah menampung data dari nasabah atau pelanggan bank dengan cara memasarkan atau mensosialisasikan kartu kredit lewat telepon (telemarketing). Evaluasi telemarketing kartu kredit yang sudah dilakukan bank masih kurang membawa hasil dan berdaya guna. Salah satu cara yang tepat untuk evaluasi laporan telemarketing kartu kredit bank adalah menggunakan teknik data mining. Tujuan penggunaan data mining untuk mengetahui kecenderungan dan pola nasabah yang berpeluang untuk berlangganan kartu kredit yang ditawarkan bank. Metode penelitian menggunakan Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) dengan Algoritma Genetika untuk Seleksi Fitur (GAFS) dan Naive Bayes (NB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah atribut pada dataset telemarketing kartu kredit bank sejumlah 15 atribut terdiri dari 14 atribut biasa dan 1 atribut spesial. Dataset telemarketing bank mengandung data berdimensi tinggi, sehingga diterapkan metode GAFS. Setelah menerapkan metode GAFS diperoleh 7 atribut optimal terdiri dari 6 atribut biasa dan 1 atribut spesial. Enam atribut biasa meliputi pekerjaan, balance, rumah, pinjaman, durasi, poutcome. Sedangkan atribut spesial adalah target. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan algoritma NB mempunyai nilai akurasi <em>86,71</em>%. Algoritma GAFS dan NB meningkatkan nilai akurasi menjadi <em>90,27</em>% untuk prediksi nasabah bank yang mengambil kartu kredit.

FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: сб.науч.тр./ OEAPS Inc.; редкол.: Флора Бертран (отв.ред.) [и др.]. - Берлин, Германия : OEAPS Inc., 2018. - 58 С.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мария Григорьевна Алпатова ◽  
Мария Игоревна Щеглова ◽  
Elmira Kalybaevna Adil’bekova ◽  
Nuradin Alibaev ◽  
Arunas Svitojus
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Peer Reviewers ◽  
Verification Process

The conference is a major international forum for analyzing and discussing trends and approaches in research in the field of basic science and applied research. We provide a platform for discussions on innovative, theoretical and empirical research. The form of the conference: in absentia, without specifying the form in the collection of articles. Working languages: Russian, English Doctors and candidates of science, scientists, specialists of various profiles and directions, applicants for academic degrees, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates, students are invited to participate in the conference. There is one blind verification process in the journal. All articles will be initially evaluated by the editor for compliance with the journal. Manuscripts that are considered appropriate are then usually sent to at least two independent peer reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the article. The editor is responsible for the final decision on whether to accept or reject the article. The editor's decision is final. The main criterion used in assessing the manuscript submitted to the journal is: uniqueness or innovation in the work from the point of view of the methodology being developed and / or its application to a problem of particular importance in the public sector or service sector and / or the setting in which the efforts, for example, in the developing region of the world. That is, the very model / methodology, application and context of problems, at least one of them must be unique and important. Additional criteria considered in the consideration of the submitted document are its accuracy, organization / presentation (ie logical flow) and recording quality.

FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH April 2019: сб.науч.тр./ OEAPS Inc.; редкол.: Флора Бертран (отв.ред.) [и др.]. - Берлин, Германия : OEAPS Inc., 2019. - 98 C.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Изабелла Станиславовна Чибисова ◽  
Диана Ильгизаровна Шарипова ◽  
Альфия Галиевна Зулькарнаева ◽  
Ксения Александровна Дулова ◽  
Садег Амирзадеган ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Peer Reviewers ◽  
Verification Process

The conference is a major international forum for analyzing and discussing trends and approaches in research in the field of basic science and applied research. We provide a platform for discussions on innovative, theoretical and empirical research. The form of the conference: in absentia, without specifying the form in the collection of articles. Working languages: Russian, English Doctors and candidates of science, scientists, specialists of various profiles and directions, applicants for academic degrees, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates, students are invited to participate in the conference. There is one blind verification process in the journal. All articles will be initially evaluated by the editor for compliance with the journal. Manuscripts that are considered appropriate are then usually sent to at least two independent peer reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the article. The editor is responsible for the final decision on whether to accept or reject the article. The editor's decision is final. The main criterion used in assessing the manuscript submitted to the journal is: uniqueness or innovation in the work from the point of view of the methodology being developed and / or its application to a problem of particular importance in the public sector or service sector and / or the setting in which the efforts, for example, in the developing region of the world. That is, the very model / methodology, application and context of problems, at least one of them must be unique and important. Additional criteria considered in the consideration of the submitted document are its accuracy, organization / presentation (ie logical flow) and recording quality.

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