Assessment of Oil Spill Occurrences in Sections of the Niger Delta Region: Causes, Effects and Remedial Actions

The discovery of crude oil in Oloibiri-a town in the present Bayelsa state, Niger-Delta region of Nigeria) in 1956 and the subsequent exploration activities have over the years impacted tremendously not only on the ecosystem and livelihood pattern of the Niger Delta but on the pattern of conflicts that has trended.. While resources accruable to Nigeria from sale of crude oil are shared by all, the impacts of oil spill an offshoot of crude oil exploration activities are borne solely by the Niger Delta region. Oil spill appears to have found a permanent abode in Bayelsa state; from Southern Ijaw to Sagbama local governments, Olodiama to Azuzuama communities. Local communities are faced with the problem of continuous oil spill. This in turn has brought about conflicts between oil bearing communities and oil companies. These conflicts in some instances led to shut down of operations of oil companies, vandalism, and reduction of Nigeria’s crude export. In view of the illustrated background, this study examined the strategies for management of oil spill related conflicts in Bayelsa state regarding that oil spill is a key impact of crude oil exploration activity. Findings revealed that the strategies deployed in the management of oil spill in the state can be categorised into three: community strategies, regulators and non-governmental organisations strategies.

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Geoinformation for Oil Spill Disaster Management in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.432 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62-64 ◽

pp. 432-438

Author(s):

Henry A.P. Audu ◽

J.O. Ehiorobo

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Delta Region ◽

Oil Transport ◽

Niger Delta Region ◽

Oil Spill Response ◽

Response Modelling ◽

Derived Data ◽

Management Operation

One of the major ecological and environmental problems confronting the Niger Delta region of Nigeria today is degradation and hazard arising from oil spill. Spillage occurs in this region either from vandalisation or sabotage by ethnic militants, youths who are jobless and therefore deliberately break open crude oil transport pipelines to scoop fuel for sale in the black market to earn a living or rupture of pipes due to ageing and mechanical malfunction. In most spillages, farmlands are lost, aquatic and wildlife is affected, and people are in many cases displaced from their homes. In extreme cases as occurred in Jesse, lives were lost. This paper examines the use of Geoinformation technology in oil spill response modelling and management. The use Global Positioning System (GPS) derived data for the creation of a management database is discussed. Data generated from the Jesse spill and fire site covering these areas were used to generate case study scenario for oil spill response modelling and clean up management operation.

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Effects of crude oil treatment on the morphology and performance of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms) in Niger-Delta region of Nigeria

Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science ◽

10.26832/24566632.2020.0502010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 151-156

Author(s):

Jonathan Chukwudi Iwubeh ◽

Izundu Alexandra Ikechukwu ◽

Egboka Tochukwu Praise ◽

Anukwuorji Chidozie Azubuike ◽

Anyaegbu Chiamaka Francise

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Control Plant ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Delta Region ◽

Niger Delta Region ◽

Number Of Leaves

Many aquatic plants existing in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria are at the risk of extinction due to oil spill. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of different concentrations of crude oil on the morphology and growth performance of the hydrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes present in coastal waters of Nigeria’s Niger Delta region, where crude oil exploitation as well as oil spill is high. The plant, E. crassipes was subjected to varying concentrations of crude oil treatments (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%). Each treatment was replicated three times. The performance was measured using various growth parameters which include height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight. The results showed that the control plant performed better than the treated plants with respect to all the morphological characters considered. The control plant of E. crassipes produced a height of 7.56±0.028 from an initial height of 6.02±0.028. Among the treated plants, 1.25% and 2.5% promoted height, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight up to the 6th week of growth while 7.5% and 10% decreased plant height up to the 4th week. The E. crassipes treated with 7.5% and 10% crude oil concentrations died 6 weeks following the treatments. The ability of E. crassipes to tolerate the different levels of crude oil was authenticated in this study. However, the study showed that there is a limit of sustenance of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution for E. crassipes above which toxicity will apply.

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APPLICATION OF THE STOCHASTIC MARKOV MODEL IN PREDICTING THE VOLUME OF OIL SPILL IN NIGERIA: A CASE OF THE NIGER-DELTA REGION

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy ◽

10.32479/ijeep.7744 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 110-114

Author(s):

Ifeoma Christy Mba ◽

Emmanuel Ikechukwu Mba

Keyword(s):

Markov Model ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Delta Region ◽

Niger Delta Region

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Geospatialization of Spilling Facility From Spdc 2015 Oil Spill Reports of The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Journal of Applied Geospatial Information ◽

10.30871/jagi.v3i1.1005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 160-165

Author(s):

Moses Dolapo Apata ◽

Diepiriye Chenaboso Okujagu ◽

Francis Thomas Beka

Keyword(s):

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Production Facility ◽

Delta Region ◽

Convenient Tool ◽

Niger Delta Region ◽

Digital Format ◽

Production Facilities

A hundred and thirty two (132) Oil spill Incidents that occurred in year 2015 based on the existing SPDC Oil Spill JIV Reports were studied using GIS. The JIV reports were downloaded and the requisite information was acquired and incorporated into ArcMap10.2 and they were analysed to produce different maps. Result shows that about 18,233.04bbl of Oil was spilled and an area of 1,718,091.88m2 was impacted in year 2015.Pipelines account for 65.15% (86) of the spills, followed by flowlines 14.39% (19), Wellheads 13.63% (18) while others account for the rest. Pipelines are the most sabotaged Production Facility with 73.63 %( 81) of the Sabotage that occurred followed by wellhead13.63 % (15) and, flowline 10 % (11) while other Production Facilities account for the rest. This Study also shows that JIV Reports to an extent are a good and convenient tool for characterising Oil spills and the JIV culture should be encouraged. This study should be carried out on all JIV so that they are put in a Digital Format where they can be easily queried to produce the necessary information as needed.

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Mapping terrestrial oil spill impact using machine learning random forest and Landsat 8 OLI imagery: a case site within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-018-3824-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 3621-3635 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mohammed S. Ozigis ◽

Jorg D. Kaduk ◽

Claire H. Jarvis

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Random Forest ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Landsat 8 Oli ◽

Delta Region ◽

Niger Delta Region ◽

Case Site

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Exposure, geochemical, and spatial distribution patterns of an oil spill in parts of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Health and Environment ◽

10.25082/he.2021.01.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 103-117

Author(s):

Davidson E. Egirani ◽

◽

Nabila Shehata ◽

Ifeoma Mary Ugwu ◽

Alfred Opukumo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Delta Region ◽

Niger Delta Region ◽

The Social

Large-scale and small-scale spilt oil is as old as exploration activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. There is a need to provide the exposure, geochemical and spatial characteristics in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria because of the effects of the spilt oil on the communities and the environment. Some of the spilt oil-disaster impacts for exposed communities include psychological effects and socio-demographic characteristics. In this study, the characteristics, sources, spatial and socio-demographic risk predictions of the spilt oil discovered by Kolo Creek coastal residents are examined. A random sample of 900 residents of Kolo Creek coastal communities included exposure characteristics linked to health, the social and economic lifestyle of the communities. The demographic characteristics included age, gender, literacy, and occupation as covariates in the analyses. Respondents provided varied information on the amount of health, the social, and economic impacts. The highest and lowest direct exposure impact accounts 94.65±2.0% and 5.95±1.52% for smoggy weather and obstruction to watercourses respectively. The geochemical distribution pattern was examined using standard laboratory procedures. This investigation included the determination of the physical and chemical characteristics of water samples at the oil spill sites. Also, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hydrocarbon content (THC), and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of both water and sediment samples were carried out. A strong correlation exists between these parameters (i.e. at p < 0.01) and indicate communalities greater than 0.5. The pollution distribution maps support the spatial distribution pattern and correlate significantly (p < 0.01) with the exposure distribution, and the geochemical distribution patterns.

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