Preferences in Farmland Eco-Compensation Methods: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Successful farmland eco-compensation projects need to reflect the heterogeneous preferences both from suppliers and beneficiaries. This paper tries to answer this question by investigating both citizen and farmer preferences for different farmland eco-compensation methods in Wuhan, China, and explore some of the socio-demographic characteristics that contribute to their preferences. Based on the data of 288 citizens and 331 farmers, the multinomial logit model was employed to analyze their preferences for the four farmland eco-compensation methods (monetary compensation, in-kind compensation, technology compensation and policy compensation), respectively. The results show that: (1) Monetary compensation is the most welcomed farmland eco-compensation method among both citizens and farmers. (2) Despite farmers and citizens both putting a high value on monetary compensation methods, citizens are more likely to provide compensation methods that can help farmers improve their living standards in a sustainable method (in-kind compensation, technology compensation and policy compensation). Farmers are less likely to choose the in-kind compensation method. (3) The preference for farmland eco-compensation systems of farmers and citizens are influenced by different socio-demographic characteristics. The results can help the government to design more aimed farmland eco-compensation methods for farmers with different socio-demographic characteristics.

Review of hydro-economic models (HEMs) which focus on transboundary river water sharing disputes

Hydro-economic models (HEMs) are powerful tools to analyze water scarcity, drought, and water management problems. Though several HEMs reviews have been conducted in the recent past, none of them focused on the management of transboundary river water disputes, benefit sharing, or trade-offs. Therefore, this review explored how HEMs can suggest mitigating water sharing disputes on transboundary rivers. Though more than 300 HEMs have been developed worldwide, very few focused on transboundary river water disputes. After vigorous screening at Google Scholar, only 25 articles were found which focused on transboundary river water disputes. Most HEMs that were reviewed proposed to share benefits such as sharing hydropower produced from the river, reallocating water from low-value agriculture to high-value agriculture or managed operation of the dam, or other monetary compensation. But no study assessed non-water sector benefit sharing such as trade or transit. Most HEMs focused on irrigation and hydropower which are benefits from the river and very few studies focused on fisheries, environment, and wetland which are benefits to the river. International rivers can act as a catalyst among the riparian countries and promote cooperation in trade, commerce, exchange of technologies, and other fields. HEMs can play an important role in this regard. It is to be mentioned that HEMs cannot resolve water conflicts in a shared basin, they only can propose for the options of solution.

Bad Intentions: Customers’ Negative Reactions to Intentional Failures and Mitigating Conditions

Intentional service failures (e.g., overbooking or overcharging) have received little scholarly attention, despite their regular occurrence and immense costs. Using a multi-method approach combining experimental and field data from online reviews, it was found that intentional (vs. unintentional) failures lead to greater negative word of mouth (nWOM) and patronage reduction. This research extends these findings by demonstrating that intentional failures are less harmful when the failure is reversible (vs. irreversible) and occurs at an employee (vs. firm) level. Further, while either psychological (e.g., apology) or monetary compensation is effective in mitigating the consequences of intentional failures at an employee level, a combined service recovery (psychological and monetary) is the best solution when the failure is at a firm level. Drawing on attribution theory, the article unveils the key role of trust (as opposed to justice) as the mechanism to explain the effects of intentionality on customers’ nWOM and patronage reduction.

Level Design Patterns That Invoke Curiosity-Driven Exploration

Video games frequently feature 'open world' environments, designed to motivate exploration. Level design patterns are implemented to invoke curiosity and to guide player behavior. However, evidence of the efficacy of such patterns has remained theoretical. This study presents an empirical study of how level design patterns impact curiosity-driven exploration in a 3D open-world video game. 254 participants played a game in an empirical study using a between-subjects factorial design, testing 4 variables: presence or absence of patterns, goal or open-ended, nature and alien aesthetic, and assured or unassured compensation. Data collection consisted of in-game metrics and emotion word prompts as well as post-game questionnaires. Results show that design patterns invoke heightened exploration, but this effect is influenced by the presence of an explicit goal or monetary compensation. There appear to be many motivations behind exploratory behavior in games, with patterns raising expectations in players. A disposition for curiosity (i.e. 'trait curiosity') was not found to influence exploration. We interpret and discuss the impact of the conditions, individual patterns, and player motivations.

Features of Regulatory Regulation of State Financing of Maintenance of Jury Trial in Ukraine

The article analyses the peculiarities of legal regulation of state funding of jury trial maintenance in Ukraine. On the basis of the cited statistical data it was established that the monetary compensation for jury trial in Ukraine is minimal in comparison to the USA, Canada or France. The high level of jury monetary compensation depends first of all on the social and economic development of the country. The conclusion is drawn that the legislator's actions of the recent years are directed at the classical jury trial model, which exists in many countries of the world, with an appropriate level of financial assistance and an appropriate level of logistical support.

MONETARY COMPENSATION TO THE FEDERAL BUDGET AS AN ELEMENT OF THE GROUNDS FOR EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY UNDER ARTICLE 76.1 CRIMINAL CODE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Введение: в статье на основе анализа современного уголовного, законодательства, постановления Пленума Верховного Суда Российской Федерации от 27.06.2013 № 19 «О применении судами законодательства, регламентирующего основания и порядок освобождения от уголовной ответственности» (далее – постановление Пленума Верховного Суда РФ № 19), практики применения норм об освобождении от уголовной ответственности в связи с возмещением ущерба, юридической литературы рассмотрены модели поощряемого поведения виновного, направленного на смягчение последствий совершенного деяния в рамках норм статьи 76.1 Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации (далее –УК РФ). Выявлены обстоятельства, обусловливающие неэффективность модели позитивного пост- криминального поведения виновного лица, сконструированной законодателем в части 2 статьи 76.1 УК РФ. Внесены предложения по исключению из текста названного положения уголовного законодательства требования о выплате в федеральный бюджет денежного возмещения в размере двукратной суммы причиненного ущерба дохода, полученного в результате совершения преступления, или убытков, которых удалось избежать в результате совершения преступления. Материалы и методы: методологическую основу исследования составила совокупность общенаучных и частнонаучных методов познания: диалектический, догматический, семантический, формально-логический, методы анализа и синтеза. Материалами исследования послужили нормы УК РФ, разъяснения Пленума Верховного Суда РФ, статистические данные судебного департамента Верховного Суда РФ, научная литература. Результаты исследования: внесены предложения по изменению редакции части 2 статьи 76.1 УК РФ путем исключения требования о выплате в федеральный бюджет денежного возмещения в размере двукратной суммы причиненного ущерба дохода, полученного в результате совершения преступления, или убытков, которых удалось избежать в результате совершения преступления Обсуждение и заключения: выявлен ряд проблем, возникающих в процессе реализации поощрительных норм, предусмотренных статьей 76.1 УК РФ. Обоснована необходимость исключения из текста части 2 названной нормы элемента освобождения от уголовной ответственности, юридическая природа которого в уголовном законодательстве не определена.

Volunteerism in fandom

An examination of the topics of labors of love, the gift economy, and the digi-gratis economy related to volunteerism within fandom platforms highlights issues related to monetary compensation, enjoyment of labor, and relationships between fan labor and the job market.

Employee Monetary Compensation and Employee Job Satisfaction

It is known employee job satisfaction is related to employee motivation, performance, retention, and other factors which are beneficial to the employee and the employer. In recent decades, some have used the work of Self-Determination Theory to claim pay is irrelevant and promote the idea it is an employee’s commitment, attitude, and the programs the employer offers the employee that are important to employee satisfaction, motivation, performance, morale, and retention. However, the work of Self-Determination Theory has neither stated nor confirmed this concept. In a study considering if and to what extent a relationship exists between employee rate of monetary compensation and employee job satisfaction, it was found a statistically significant positive relationship exists between employee rate of monetary compensation and employee overall, extrinsic, and intrinsic job satisfaction. The sample consisted of N = 129 employees of Fortune 500 companies within the United States of America. Utilizing Spearman’s rank-order correlation employee overall job satisfaction resulted in 𝜌 = .290, employee extrinsic job satisfaction resulted in 𝜌 = .227, and employee intrinsic job satisfaction resulted in 𝜌 = .325 all demonstrating a positive relationship with employee rate of monetary compensation. This article discusses the current literature, results, and implications.

How to PROceed? Reviewing obstacles and perspectives in patient-centered digital care in radiation oncology

As the general public is increasing their online presence and is becoming confident with the digital infrastructure, an opportunity for patient-centered digital care has arisen. Electronic patient-reported outcomes, (e)PRO in short, may facilitate enhanced clinical management of radiation oncology patients. This might enable the physicians to take the initiative and counteract symptoms or undesired side effects before they aggravate and thus, reducing treatment-associated costs. In this article, we review the impetus for and modalities of (e)PRO-based data acquisition and handling in research and routine. We conclude that prospective and technical studies are needed to prove the clinical significance of (e)PROs to pave the way to monetary compensation and widespread application.

Secure Cloud Storage Techniques: A Review

Cloud technology has exponentially seen a rise in its absorption for various applications. Cloud users with limited storage might transfer their information to remote systems. In return for monetary compensation, these servers provide access to their clients’ data. Cloud storage protocols verify the integrity of this data which is hosted on the cloud. Broadly there are two types of data – static and dynamic. While many efficient protocols are already present for static data, much research is being undertaken to build a secure cloud storage system for dynamic data. This paper analyzes these existing and proposed cloud storage protocols for both static and dynamic data. Important performance parameters are identified and a comparison is drawn between the chosen methods in order to draw a contrast between the efficiency of the techniques chosen.