Novel Surfactant for Spacer-Less Cementing Compatible with Non Aqueous Fluids

Abstract A novel, non-ionic surfactant is presented that alters typical cement incompatibility with non-aqueous fluids, effectively removing synthetic/oil-based mud (SOBM) from the wellbore and changing wettability of casing and formation from oil-wet to water-wet. The change in wettability eliminates the need for cement spacers conventionally deployed between the preceding non-aqueous fluid and the ensuing cement slurry. The entirety of spacer fluid interface can therefore be removed from operation, improving operational safety and efficiency, reduce waste and simplify wellsite logistics. The paper discusses the selection and evaluation of the proprietary surfactant in various laboratory testing. The main characteristics of the surfactant is its non-foaming, non-retarding, compatible with SOBM, ability to change oil-wet surface to water-wet, stable while minimizing environmentally impact. Scaling up, a yard test and a field trial in an offshore rig was successfully performed to evaluate the mixing, compatibility and pumpability using rig equipment.

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Successful Single-Stage Cementing in a Weak Formation: A Case History in Spain

10.2118/spe-169936-ms ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

A.. Bottiglieri ◽

A.. Brandl ◽

R.S.. S. Martin ◽

R.. Nieto Prieto

Keyword(s):

Engineering Design ◽

Case History ◽

Laboratory Testing ◽

Single Stage ◽

Formation Damage ◽

Cement Slurry ◽

Integrity Test ◽

Open Hole ◽

Zonal Isolation ◽

Horizontal Wellbore

Abstract Cementing in wellbores with low fracture gradients can be challenging due to the risk of formation breakdowns when exceeding maximum allowable equivalent circulation densities (ECDs). Consequences include severe losses and formation damage, and insufficient placement of the cement slurry that necessitates time-consuming and costly remedial cementing to ensure zonal isolation. In recent cementing operations in Spain, the formation integrity test (FIT) of the open hole section indicated that the formation would have been broken down and losses occurred based on calculated equivalent circulating densities (ECDs) if the cement slurry had been pumped in a single-stage to achieve the operator's top-of-cement goal. As a solution to this problem, cementing was performed in stages, using specialty tools. However, during these operations, the stage tool did not work properly, wasting rig time and resulting in unsuccessful cement placement. To overcome this issue, the operator decided to cement the section in a single stage, preceded by a novel aqueous spacer system that aids in strengthening weak formations and controlling circulation losses. Before the operation, laboratory testing was conducted to ensure the spacer system's performance in weak, porous formations and better understand its mechanism. This paper will outline the laboratory testing, modeling and engineering design that preceded this successful single stage cementing job in a horizontal wellbore, with a final ECD calculated to be 0.12 g/cm3 (1.00 lb/gal) higher than the FIT-estimated figure.

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An ion-binding model for ionic surfactant adsorption at aqueous-fluid interfaces

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ◽

10.1016/0927-7757(96)03592-3 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 337-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

V.V. Kalinin ◽

C.J. Radke

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Fluid ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Ion Binding ◽

Fluid Interfaces ◽

Surfactant Adsorption ◽

Binding Model

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Crystallization via non-classical pathways: Nanoscale imaging of mineral surfaces

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9044 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christine V. Putnis ◽

Lijun Wang ◽

Encarnación Ruiz-Agudo ◽

Cristina Ruiz-Agudo ◽

François Renard

Keyword(s):

Crystal Growth ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Parent Phase ◽

Aqueous Fluid ◽

New Mineral ◽

Fluid Composition ◽

Mineral Surfaces ◽

Fluid Interface ◽

Mineral Growth ◽

Sem And Tem

<p>The advancement in analytical imaging techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), has allowed us to observe processes occurring at mineral surfaces in situ at a nanoscale in real space and time and hence giving the possibility to elucidate reaction mechanisms. Classical crystal growth theories have been established for well over 100 years and while they can still be applied to explain crystal growth in many growth scenarios, we now know that these models are not always an accurate description of the mechanism of all crystal/mineral growth processes, especially where nanoparticle formation is observed. Consequently there is a current challenge at the forefront of understanding crystal/mineral growth mechanisms. This work describes experimental observations of non-classical crystallization processes at the nanoscale. Using AFM as well as SEM and TEM imaging, we demonstrate that many minerals commonly grow by the attachment of nanoparticles on an existing mineral surface, often resulting from the coupling of dissolution of a parent phase and the precipitation of a new product mineral. Through varied examples of crystal/mineral growth, including calcite and other carbonates, barite, brucite, and apatite, we define the importance of the mineral-fluid interface and the aqueous fluid interfacial (boundary) layer in the control of crystal growth. Whether a crystal will grow by classical monomer attachment resulting in step advancement or by the formation, aggregation and merging of nanoparticles, will be controlled by the aqueous fluid composition at the mineral-fluid interface. The processes described also allow for the development of porosity within the new mineral and hence have important consequences for fluid movement and element mobility within the Earth. Additionally an understanding of natural mineral growth has implications for geomimetic applications for the manufacture of functional engineered materials.</p>

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Unconventional Single Slurry Solution for ERD Wells with Depleted Formations

10.2118/205559-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anibal Flores ◽

Jorge Vasquez ◽

Rama Anggarawinata ◽

Lakmun Chan

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Testing ◽

Injection System ◽

Cement Slurry ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Hydraulic Simulation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Slurry System ◽

Post Operation ◽

Extended Reach Well ◽

Fracture Gradient

Abstract Tailoring slurry designs using amorphous liquid silica base has been a success for Cementing Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) wells in Brunei in development fields. The use of this unconventional slurry density and design has helped to achieve the necessary top of cement and required zonal isolation for the production string of these wells. Cementing across depleted formations has been a challenge for the drilling sector within the oil industry. Isolation of production zones with competent cement slurries has become a necessity in fields, especially where a low Equivalent Circulating Density(ECD) during the cementing operation is required to achieve the desired top of cement in low fracture gradient formations. For Brunei offshore operations a novel approach has been proposed that uses an amorphous liquid silica-based slurry system to design a new 14 ppg lightweight cement slurry. The slurry properties were tailored to eliminate the need for a dual slurry system. Planning, execution, and post-operation evaluation methods have been developed for this new design. Extensive laboratory testing has been performed for the 14 ppg extended slurry which includes basic slurry testing as well as more advanced evaluations such as a full mechanical properties study and finite element analysis that was used compared to conventional slurry designs. Various optimizations were done for the slurry design to overcome mixability challenges and deployment using a conventional offshore liquid injection system or by premixing the water with liquid additives on a mixing tank or rig pits. To validate this technology, a field trial was performed at the rig site where a production liner for an extended reach well was cemented and subsequently evaluated using cement evaluation logging tools. The first Brunei offshore trial operation, executed in Q2 2020, was a 4.5-in. production liner where 16.5 m3 of a 14ppg novel slurry design was mixed, pumped and successfully placed within the annulus. Since the initial trial, a total of 8 jobs have been executed successfully in Brunei, with a few more wells identified as candidates for this solution. The paper provides laboratory testing details, hydraulic simulation validations along with job execution and post-operation cement evaluation.

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A Field Trial Study on Jet Grouting to Improve the Subsoil in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v69.3140 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hoang-Hung Tran-Nguyen ◽

Thanh Tho ◽

Thang Huu Ly

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Field Trial ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Operating Parameters ◽

Cement Slurry ◽

Soil Cement ◽

Jet Grouting ◽

Single Jet

This study attempts to fabricate a single Jet Grouting system from used machines and the machines were modified by the authors. The assembled jet grouting system was fabricated to create soil cement mixing by high pressure beams at pressure up to 30 MPa of cement slurry or water plus cement slurry. The two soilcrete columns were created using the above Jet Grouting system at the bank of Nhieu Loc canal, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The diameters of the soilcrete columns vary from 0.8-1.3 m at the top and larger 0.4 m at the bottom. The lengths of the columns were 12 m and 4 m for the column 1 and 2, respectively. Characteristics of a soilcrete column are appreciably dictated by operating parameters of a Jet Grouting system.

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Assessing Sexual Dysfunction, Part 1: Male Sexual Dysfunction

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2016.marapr01 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Seth D. Cohen ◽

Steven Mandel ◽

David B. Samadi

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Laboratory Testing ◽

Aging Male ◽

Testosterone Deficiency ◽

Subjective Complaint ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Male Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Multiple Health

Abstract To properly assess men and women with sexual dysfunction, evaluators should take a biopsychosocial approach that may require consultation with multiple health care professionals from various fields in order to get to the root of the sexual dysfunction; this multidisciplinary methodology offers the best chance of successful treatment. For males, this article focuses on erectile dysfunction (ED) and hypogonadism. The initial evaluation of ED involves a thorough case history, preferably taken from the patient and partner, physical examination, and proper laboratory and diagnostic tests, including an acknowledgment of the subjective complaint. The diagnosis is established on the basis of an individual's report of the consistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. Initial workups for ED should entail a detailed history that can be obtained from a validated questionnaire such as the International Index of Erectile Function and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men. Hypogonadism is evaluated using the validated Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaire and laboratory testing for testosterone deficiency. Treatments logically can begin with the least invasive and then progress to more invasive strategies after appropriate counseling. The last and most important treatment component when caring for men with sexual dysfunction—and, arguably, the least practiced—is close follow-up.

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