Produced Water Re-Injection: An Integrated Subsurface Approach to Planning and Execution for Downhole Produced Water Disposal in the Niger Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibi-Ada Itotoi ◽  
Taju Gbadamosi ◽  
Christian Ihwiwhu ◽  
Udeme John ◽  
Anita Odiete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Well Location ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Core Flood

Abstract Low oil price and increased environmental regulations presents a new frontier for many indigenous oil and gas companies in Nigeria. In mature fields with significant water production, produced water treatment and handling could easily account for up to a third of OPEX. Underground produced water disposal is a tested approach that has been used worldwide with mixed results. Studies have been published on the subject; however, it was observed that there were no Niger Delta case studies. This paper presents SEPLAT's subsurface approach to in-field water disposal, drawing upon geological and petroleum engineering analysis coupled with learnings from over 6 years of produced water re-injection experience. Some of the areas that will be discussed include reservoir selection/screening methodology, water quality impact on permeability, produced water disposal well selection/completion, operating philosophy, general surveillance, and basic separation requirements. Thirteen reservoirs located within 2 proximal fields were screened for suitability and ranked as possible candidates for water disposal based on 8 criteria. The best 2 were then high-graded and detailed studies carried out, spanning detailed geological characterization for reservoir quality and connectivity (including quantitative interpretation), to dynamic simulation, injection well location optimization and performance prediction (for clean water). The results of core flood tests were incorporated. It is recommended that total suspended solids should not exceed 5 mg/L, with a maximum of 5 microns particle size, under matrix injection conditions while oil content should be limited to below 30-50 ppm. Tolerance for TSS can be relaxed to 10ppm – 50ppm at fracturing conditions, depending on the reservoir parameters and process systems. The knowledge of these parameters should drive the technology selection for optimum water treatment and injection.

scholarly journals Treatments of produced water in oilfield: A comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Lingyun Chen ◽  
Zhigang Li ◽  
Qian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Technology Tools ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
As Adsorption

Substantial produced water in oilfield need to be treated. Treatment mechanism such as adsorption, flotation, filtration, desalination, etc. are described. Based on the mechanisms, process and technology, tools and facility for produced water treatment are compared. Technology selection method and requirements are discussed. Multiple processes combination is discussed and considered as promising.

scholarly journals Online Backwash Optimization of Membrane Filtration for Produced Water Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper L. Jepsen ◽  
Mads V. Bram ◽  
Leif Hansen ◽  
Zhenyu Yang ◽  
Steven M. Ø. Lauridsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Produced Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas

In the offshore oil and gas sector, produced water is discharged into the sea, but increasing environmental concerns and stricter governmental regulations require new technologies to be considered. Membrane filtration is a promising technology to improve separation, but fouling of the membranes causes a significant reduction in flow capacity. To reduce fouling, optimization of the backwashing parameters is given much attention. Comprehensive and time-consuming experiments are used to model the effect of backwashing, but most methods neglect time varying features present in the offshore produced water treatment train. In this paper, a backwashing scheduling algorithm is proposed, which dynamically selects the filtration and backwashing durations to maximize the average net permeate production. The proposed algorithm is tested on a lab-scaled pilot plant, where it was able to adapt as irreversible fouling accumulated and the OiW concentration changed. The paper concludes that the removal rate of oil fouling was observed to be dependent on the rate at which the backwashing pressure could be established. As the proposed method online adapts to the current conditions, it can improve the filtration capacity compared to cases with constant backwashing and filtration durations throughout the lifetime of the facilities.

Understanding Oilfield Scale Deposition and Inhibition Mechanisms for Optimum Management: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Oluwafikayo Adegoke ◽  
Olugbenga Adebanjo Falode ◽  
Princess Christiana Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
X Rays ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Scale Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Water Disposal ◽  
Optimum Management ◽  
Scale Deposition

Abstract Oilfield scales are crystalline minerals made up of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Fe, Cl from produced water that can precipitate out in the reservoir, well, pipelines and process during the production and transportation of oil and gas. These precipitates can deposit as a result of thermodynamic and/or chemical changes and pose costly flow assurance issues to the oil industry. Several factors have been identified to be responsible including temperature, pressure, ionic strength, pH, evaporation, bicarbonate anion, super-saturation and contact time and water chemistry. Attempts to solve this problem in the past have focused mainly on the use of chemical inhibitors and the most accepted mechanism of scale inhibition is squeeze injection method. While adsorption and retention of scale inhibitors on rock formations needs more research, there had been improvement to better ways of ensuring adsorption and precipitation through nanotechnology including the use of nano-carbon enhanced squeeze treatment (NCEST). The uses of these conventional inhibitors have been found to be toxic to the flora and fauna in biotic communities during water disposal. In order to reduce the environmental burden caused by these conventional solutions and still manage the problem effectively, greener solutions have been proposed. This review x-rays the mechanisms of scale precipitation and deposition, evaluate the solutions that have been provided in literature based on efficiency, economics and environmental impact and propose guidelines to field operators in selecting optimum solutions.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIFOULING POLYETHERSULFONE (PES)-NANO ZnO MEMBRANE FOR PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo ◽  
Nita Aryanti ◽  
Qudratun Qudratun ◽  
Via Dolorosa Tambunan ◽  
Natalia Rosa Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
The Right

Produced water is the side product of the oil and gas processing. This water is different from any common water because it contains the dangerous chemical substances and matters in the oil and gas. The usage of produced water and unprocessed waste of produced water contains a lot of dangerous substances that can endanger the environmental stability. The right processing is all that it needs to make produced water that is drinkable or usable. The membrane technology is one of the alternative waste water treatment technologies. But, as in the usage, it still lacks in the field of fouling and cannot fulfilled the specification of usable water. Thus, this becomes the reason that bases this research. In this paper, there will be made a polyethersulfone membrane with an inversion phase method and an addition of Nano-antifouling compound, ZnO. The experimental results show that the TDS value of produced water decreased from 6600 into 1500 mg/L. Nano ZnO addition of 1.5 wt-% increase the permeate flux from 28 to 43 L/m2.hr. The UV irradiation on the membrane increase the initial flux from 28 to 48 L/m2.hr and also increase the TDS rejection from 16 to 25%. This shows that by using Polyethersulfone (PES)-ZnO membrane, we can increase the separation performance. Hence, this method is suitable for processing the produced water into usable water.

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