Chemical Transport in Porous Media With Dispersion and Rate-Controlled Adsorption

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Satter ◽  
Y.M. Shum ◽  
W.T. Adams ◽  
L.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Chemical Dispersion ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Controlled Adsorption

Abstract Because of the importance of chemical flooding operations, the mechanisms of chemical dispersion and adsorption in porous media are of increasing interest to the petroleum industry. This paper presents a mathematical model for simulating presents a mathematical model for simulating chemical transport phenomena in porous rocks; these phenomena include dispersion and either Langmuir phenomena include dispersion and either Langmuir equilibrium or rate-controlled adsorption. The accuracy of this numerical model was verified by comparing the calculated results with those obtained by analytical solutions for a number of limiting cases. The effects of dimensionless dispersion, adsorptive capacity, flow rate, and kinetic rate groups controlling dispersion/adsorption mechanisms were investigated. The utility of the model was demonstrated further by matching experimental results. When adsorption of a chemical is rate-controlled or time-dependent, core flood data obtained at times much shorter than reservoir residence times can lead to a serious underestimation of chemical requirements for the field projects. Introduction Chemical dispersion and adsorption in porous media are of increasing interest to the petroleum industry because of the increasing importance of chemical flooding operations. While dispersion causes mixing and dissipation of a chemical slug, adsorption can result in a real chemical loss to the reservoir; the ultimate success of a chemical recovery process is controlled by the nature and magnitude of the loss. Although diffusion and dispersion have been studied extensively during the past two decades, publications on the adsorption of chemical recovery publications on the adsorption of chemical recovery agents have been limited. The relatively simple case of adsorption of a gas on a clean, homogeneous, solid surface illustrates the complexity of the adsorption phenomenon. The adsorption can be purely physical, purely chemisorption, a combination of physical, purely chemisorption, a combination of both, or an intermediate type. The adsorption of polymer and surfactant solutions on porous rocks is polymer and surfactant solutions on porous rocks is complicated by the physiochemical properties of the solutions and rocks and by the nature of the pore structure of the rock matrix. Nevertheless, adsorption from dilute aqueous-phase solutions can be described by the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm for a variety of chemicals, including many surfactants and polymers. These chemicals can sometimes exhibit adsorptions that are significantly rate-controlled or time-dependent rather than instantaneous. The classical model for rate-controlled adsorption was proposed by Langmuir. This paper presents numerical solutions to the transport equations for dispersion and adsorption in porous media, considering Langmuir equilibrium porous media, considering Langmuir equilibrium adsorption as well as Langmuir rate-controlled adsorption. The effects of various process parameters on adsorption also were investigated. parameters on adsorption also were investigated. Model Development Transport Equations A chemical transport equation chacterizing dispersion and adsorption of a chemical solution flowing through a porous medium can be derived by a mass balance as follows. 2C q C C 1- CrD ----- - ---- --- = ----- + ---- pr -----.x2 A x t t...................................(1) The dispersion coefficient, D, can be expressed as qD= (---)= u.................................(2)A SPEJ P. 129

Chemotaxis under flow disorder shapes microbial dispersion in porous media 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro de Anna ◽  
Amir A. Pahlavan ◽  
Yutaka Yawata ◽  
Roman Stocker ◽  
Ruben Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Pore Scale ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Chemical Gradients ◽  
Deep Earth ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

<div> <div> <div> <p>Natural soils are host to a high density and diversity of microorganisms, and even deep-earth porous rocks provide a habitat for active microbial communities. In these environ- ments, microbial transport by disordered flows is relevant for a broad range of natural and engineered processes, from biochemical cycling to remineralization and bioremediation. Yet, how bacteria are transported and distributed in the sub- surface as a result of the disordered flow and the associ- ated chemical gradients characteristic of porous media has remained poorly understood, in part because studies have so far focused on steady, macroscale chemical gradients. Here, we use a microfluidic model system that captures flow disorder and chemical gradients at the pore scale to quantify the transport and dispersion of the soil-dwelling bacterium Bacillus subtilis in porous media. We observe that chemotaxis strongly modulates the persistence of bacteria in low-flow regions of the pore space, resulting in a 100% increase in their dispersion coefficient. This effect stems directly from the strong pore-scale gradients created by flow disorder and demonstrates that the microscale interplay between bacterial behaviour and pore-scale disorder can impact the macroscale dynamics of biota in the subsurface.</p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Chemical Flooding Using Nanoparticles and Polymer on Displacement of Crude Oil for Enhanced Oil Recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Imran Akbar ◽  
Hongtao Zhou ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Muhammad Usman Tahir ◽  
Asadullah Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Remaining Oil ◽  
Water Cut

In the petroleum industry, the researchers have developed a new technique called enhanced oil recovery to recover the remaining oil in reservoirs. Some reservoirs are very complex and require advanced enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques containing new materials and additives in order to produce maximum oil in economic and environmental friendly manners. In this work, the effects of nanosuspensions (KY-200) and polymer gel HPAM (854) on oil recovery and water cut were studied in the view of EOR techniques and their results were compared. The mechanism of nanosuspensions transportation through the sand pack was also discussed. The adopted methodology involved the preparation of gel, viscosity test, and core flooding experiments. The optimum concentration of nanosuspensions after viscosity tests was used for displacement experiments and 3 wt % concentration of nanosuspensions amplified the oil recovery. In addition, high concentration leads to more agglomeration; thus, high core plugging takes place and diverts the fluid flow towards unswept zones to push more oil to produce and decrease the water cut. Experimental results indicate that nanosuspensions have the ability to plug the thief zones of water channeling and can divert the fluid flow towards unswept zones to recover the remaining oil from the reservoir excessively rather than the normal polymer gel flooding. The injection pressure was observed higher during nanosuspension injection than polymer gel injection. The oil recovery was achieved by about 41.04% from nanosuspensions, that is, 14.09% higher than polymer gel. Further investigations are required in the field of nanoparticles applications in enhanced oil recovery to meet the world's energy demands.

Carbon dioxide transport in radial miscible flooding in consideration of rate-controlled adsorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqiang Chen ◽  
Linsong Cheng ◽  
Renyi Cao ◽  
Chaohui Lyu ◽  
Deqiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Transport ◽  
Miscible Flooding ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Controlled Adsorption

Foams as Blocking Agents in Porous Media

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Albrecht ◽  
Sullivan S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Storage Reservoirs

Abstract Although foam usually will flow in porous media, under certain controllable conditions it can also be used to block the flow of gas, both in unconsolidated sand packs and in sandstones. After steady gas or foam flow has been established at a certain injection pressure pi, the pressure is decreased until flow pressure pi, the pressure is decreased until flow ceases at a certain blocking pressure pb. When flow is then reestablished at a second, higher pi, blocking can again occur at another pb that will usually be greater than the first pi. The relationship between pi and Pb depends on the type of porous medium and the foamer solution saturation in the porous medium. A process is suggested whereby porous medium. A process is suggested whereby this phenomenon might be used to impede or block leakage in natural gas storage projects. Introduction The practice of storing natural gas in underground porous rocks has developed rapidly, and it now is porous rocks has developed rapidly, and it now is the major way of meeting peak demands in urban areas of the U. S. Many of these storage projects have been plagued with gas leakage problems that have, in some cases, presented safety hazards and resulted in sizeable economic losses. Usually these leaks are due to such natural factors as faults and fractures, or to such engineering factors as poor cement jobs and wells that were improperly abandoned. For the latter, various remedies such as spot cementing have been tried but not always with great success. In recent years several research groups have been studying the flow properties of aqueous foams and their application to various petroleum engineering problems. Most of this work has been done under problems. Most of this work has been done under experimental conditions such that the foam would flow in either tubes or porous media. However, under some extreme or unusual experimental conditions, flow in porous media becomes very difficult or even impossible. This factor also has suggested m us as well as to others that foam can be used as a gas flow impeder or as a sealant for leaks in gas storage reservoirs. In such a process, the natural ability of porous media to process, the natural ability of porous media to generate foam would be utilized by injecting a slug of foamer solution and following this with gas to form the foam in situ. This paper presents preliminary results of a sandy on the blockage of gas flow by foam in porous media. It also describes how this approach might be applied to a field process for sealing leaks in natural gas storage reservoirs. Throughout this report, we use the term "foam" to describe any dispersed gas-liquid system in which the liquid is the continuous phase, and the gas is the discontinuous phase. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE A schematic drawing of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. At least 50 PV of filtered, deaerated foamer solution were forced through the porous medium to achieve liquid saturation greater than 80 percent. Afterwards air at controlled pressures was passed into the porous medium in order to generate foam in situ. Table 1 shows the properties and dimensions of the several porous media that were used. The beach sands were washed, graded and packed into a vibrating lucite tube containing a constant liquid level to avoid Stoke's law segregation over most of the porous medium. JPT P. 51

A Simple Model for Anomalous Relaxation in Porous Media

1995 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Araujo ◽  
Orlando Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Disordered Systems ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Anomalous Relaxation

ABSTRACTWe present a simple model to explain anomalous relaxation in random porous media. The model, based on the properties of random walks on a disordered structure, is able to describe essential features of the relaxation process in terms of a one body picture, in which the many body effects are approximated by geometrical restrictions on the particles diffusion. Disorder is considered as a random variable (quenched and annealed) taken from a power-law distribution |μ|ξμ−1. Quantities relevant to relaxation phenomena, such as the characteristic function and the particle density are calculated. Different regimes are observed as a function of the disorder parameter μ. For μ > 1 the relaxation is of exponential or Debye type, and turns into a stretched exponential as μ decreases. We compare numerical predictions (based on Monte Carlo simulations) with experimental data from porous rocks obtained by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and numerical data from other disordered systems.

On charge accumulation in heterogeneous porous rocks under the influence of an external electric field

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. D271-D291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Revil
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Effective Permittivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Planck Equation ◽  
Charge Accumulation ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Stern Layer ◽  
Charge Polarization

Electric polarization is described as the sum of charge accumulations (free charge density) and orientation of polar molecules such as those of bound and free water molecules (bound charge polarization). Charge accumulation in porous materials cannot be described with Ohm’s law alone. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics or the upscaling of the local Nernst-Planck equation imply that the drift of ions in porous media is controlled by the gradient of their electrochemical potentials and not solely by the electric field. In porous media, electrochemical capacitance is at least six to eight orders of magnitude larger than electrostatic capacitance associated with bound charge polarization. In other words, the low-frequency ([Formula: see text]) effective permittivity entering Ampère’s law is six to eight orders of magnitude larger than high-frequency dielectric permittivity (measured for instance at 1 GHz). Low-frequency polarization of porous media, with no metallic particles (no electronic conductors and semiconductors) is controlled by polarization of the inner component of the electrical double layer coating the grains. This layer, called the “Stern layer,” plays a strong role in defining the cation exchange capacity of a material. A polarization model based on the polarization of the Stern layer explains a large number of experimental observations and could be used in the interpretation of hydro- and petroleum geophysical measurements.

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