scholarly journals Hepatitis B Prevalence among Pregnant Women in Central and West Nile regions of Uganda: Is there a Need to prioritize Prevention of Mother to Child hepatitis B transmission?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nankya-Mutyoba ◽  
Jim Aizire ◽  
Fredrick Makumbi ◽  
Lynn Atuyambe ◽  
Gregory Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Hbv Prevalence ◽  
Hbv Prevention

Abstract Introduction Within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the burden of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) is unacceptably high in several countries including Uganda. Elimination of HBV in the context of inadequate resources and several competing health issues, faces challenges including limited data on disease burden in important population sub-groups. In order to optimize available resources, reliable data on HBV among pregnant women is useful to guide policies on prevention. This study estimated HBV prevalence and related factors among pregnant women in Central and West Nile regions of Uganda Methods Using a two-stage sampling approach, we selected a random sample of 310 pregnant women, 18 years or older from public health facility antenatal clinics in central and west Nile, North-western Uganda. Consenting women were interviewed to obtain data on HBV vaccination status, HIV status, selected sexual and lifestyle factors and socio-demographic information. In addition, they underwent phlebotomy to obtain blood for testing for hepatitis B surface antigen, (HBsAg) antibodies to the surface antigen (anti-HBs), and antibodies to the core (anti-HBc), as indicators of chronic infection, prior exposure, and susceptibility (anti-HBs <10 mIU /mL), respectively. Results Out of 310 women, prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 6.2%. Prevalence in the West Nile region was notably higher than in the Central region (11.0% vs. 1.3%), p<0.001. In both regions, majority of pregnant women (61% West Nile region, 76% Central region) were still susceptible to HBV. Overall, proportion who had been tested for HBV and those who reported having been vaccinated was only 5.8% and 11.3% respectively. Conclusion Our findings reveal the burden of HBV in Ugandan pregnant women is still high, with marked regional differences in disease prevalence, and poor levels of HBV testing and vaccination. These data suggest that HBV prevention programs and policies in resource-limited settings like Uganda may need to consider the differential HBV prevalence, as optimizing HBV prevention services in higher prevalence regions may provide greater impact and thereby align with the WHO recommendation on HBV elimination strategy in SSA.

Discrepant Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Results in Pregnant Women Screened to Identify Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Veselsky ◽  
Tanja Y. Walker ◽  
Nancy Fenlon ◽  
Chong-Gee Teo ◽  
Trudy V. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus

Prevention of Hepatitis B Infection in Newborns Through Mass Screening and Delayed Vaccination of All Infants of Mothers With Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048
Author(s):  
Solko W. Schalm ◽  
J. Adriaan Mazel ◽  
Gijsbert C. de Gast ◽  
Rudolf A. Heijtink ◽  
Meindert J. Botman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Large City ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Active Vaccination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Beginning in 1982 all pregnant women undergoing prenatal routine blood analysis in three large city hospitals and one large rural area were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Infants of all HBsAg-positive mothers received hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg), 0.5 mL/kg of body weight within two hours of birth and, after randomization, 10 µg of hepatitis B vaccine either at 0, 1, 2, and 11 months of age (schedule A) or at 3, 4, 5, and 11 months of age (schedule B). A second injection of HBIg (1 mL) was given to infants on schedule B at 3 months of age. Blood samples were obtained at 3, 6, 11, 12, 24, and 36 months. In a two-year period, 28,412 pregnant women were tested for HBsAg; screening efficiency varied between 85% and 98%. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 0.8%, with a marked variation between urban centers (2.2%) and the rural area (0.3%). Vaccinations were received by 180 of 193 infants of HBsAg-positive mothers (90 on schedule A and 90 on schedule B). Concentrations of hepatitis B surface antibody less than 10 IU/L were observed in nine instances in five children from group A and in seven instances in six children from group B. Four hepatitis B viral infections (two HBsAg carriers, two who underwent antihepatitis B core seroconversions) were recorded in group A v one infection (antihepatitis B core seroconversion) in group B. The protective efficacy of the program (screening plus passive immunization and delayed vaccination) was 94%. The estimated cost of preventing one case of hepatitis B infection in neonates was $3,000 (US currency). It is concluded that screening all pregnant women for HBsAg can be introduced effectively at reasonable costs in a country with a low prevalence of HBsAg and a high proportion of home deliveries. Delayed active vaccination starting at 3 months of age may be an effective and, for reasons of high compliance and low cost, attractive alternative to early active vaccination.

Kinetics of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Pregnant Women with and without Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai‐Lung Chang ◽  
Wan‐Hsin Wen ◽  
Chien‐Nan Lee ◽  
Yu‐En Chiu ◽  
Chun‐Jen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus transmission among children in Enugu, Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
ND Uleanya ◽  
EO Obidike
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection has reached pandemic proportions all over the world with areas of highest prevalence being the sub- Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Most deaths related to HBV are due to complications from chronic infection. Acquisition of infection at a younger age is the most important predictor of chronicity. Eradication of HBV is an important but difficult tasks facing public health. HB immunization is the single most important factor in hepatitis B control and was commenced in 2004 in Nigeria.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among children in the era of HB immunization, the risk factors of transmission and knowledge of mothers about their HB status.Methods: A cross sectional study carried out on one hundred and forty children aged 18 months to 15 years at the children outpatient clinic (CHOP) of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was determined using Determine Test Kits and a structured interviewer administered questionnaire administered.Results: Six were positive for HBsAg, giving a prevalence rate of 4.3%. HBsAg was least prevalent among children 1-5 years (2%). None of the children ≤ 5 years who received HB vaccination was positive for HBsAg though one child > 5 years who received the vaccine was positive. Sharing of toothbrushes among siblings was found to be a significantly associated risk factor. Only 6.4% of mothers knew their hepatitis B status.Conclusion: There is a gradual fall in the prevalence of HBsAg in our environment due to HB immunization. Sharing of toothbrushes may be a potent means of transmission of HBV infection.Keywords: HBV, Prevalence, Children, Transmission, HB immunization

Evaluation of hepatitis B virus transmission and antiviral therapy among hepatitis B surface antigen-positive pregnant women

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1870-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suda Tekin Koruk ◽  
Ayse Batirel ◽  
Sukran Kose ◽  
Sila Cetin Akhan ◽  
Bilgehan Aygen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
B Virus
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