scholarly journals The Effect of Distraction Techniques on Pain and Stress during Labor: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paria Amiri ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Khalil Esmaeilpour ◽  
Mahin Kamalifard ◽  
Reyhaneh Ivanbagha
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Fear Of Childbirth ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to determine the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress (primary outcomes), fear of childbirth, and length of delivery stages (secondary outcomes). Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 68 pregnant women. Participants were allocated into two intervention and control groups by blocked randomization. Participants in the intervention group received distraction techniques in four sessions. Questionnaires of Fear of Childbirth (W-DEQ version A) and PSS once were completed before intervention and again at the 36th week for the W-DEQ and in the active phase for the PSS through interviews. The pain was assessed through VAS during active phase per hour. The length of delivery stages was recorded in the partograph chart. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and ANCOVA. Results The mean of perceived stress during labor in the intervention group was significantly less than that of the control group (AMD: -3.2; 95% CI: -0.8 to -6.0; P= 0.01). The mean (SD) of pain intensity was 6.2 (1.4) and 7.5 (1.4) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which indicated a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Although the mean score of fear in 36th week in the intervention group (29.1) was less than of the control group (39.1), there was no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.170). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the length of the delivery stages (P>0.05). Conclusion According to the results, distraction techniques can reduce the pain and stress of labor, but further studies are needed to reach a decisive conclusion.

scholarly journals The effect of distraction techniques on pain and stress during labor: a randomized controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paria Amiri ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Khalil Esmaeilpour ◽  
Mahin Kamalifard ◽  
Reyhaneh Ivanbagha
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Fear Of Childbirth ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Pain control and the stress associated with labor and delivery are among the most important issues of health care system. Use of distraction techniques during childbirth is reported to reduce pain and stress of labor. However, there is a limited publication that looked on the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress (primary outcomes), fear of childbirth, length of delivery stages, first minute Apgar score and oxytocin consumption (secondary outcomes). Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 68 pregnant women. Participants were allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups) by blocked randomization. Participants in the intervention group received distraction techniques in four sessions. Questionnaires of Fear of Childbirth (W-DEQ version A) and PSS once were completed before intervention and again at the 36th week for the W-DEQ and in the active phase for the PSS through interviews. The pain was assessed through VAS during active phase per hour. The length of delivery stages was recorded in the partograph chart. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and ANCOVA. Results The mean of perceived stress during labor in the intervention group was significantly less than that of the control group (AMD: -3.2; 95% CI: − 0.8 to − 6.0; P = 0.01). The mean (SD) of pain intensity during labor was less than in the intervention and control groups compare to the control group (6.2 vs 7.5; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fear of childbirth score (AMD: 5.3; 95% CI: 13.0 to − 6.0; P = − 2.3). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the active phase of labor (P = 0.504), second stage of delivery (P = 0.928), total length of delivery (P = 0.520), Apgar score (P = 1.000) and frequency of oxytocin consumption (P = 0.622). Conclusion According to the results, distraction techniques can reduce the pain and stress of labor, but further studies by using the distraction techniques are needed to reach a decisive conclusion. Trial registration IRCT2017042910324N39; Name of registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; Registered 11 September 2017. URL of registry: https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/10814/view. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: September 2017.

scholarly journals The Effect of Distraction Techniques on Pain and Stress during Labor: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paria Amiri ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Khalil Esmaeilpour ◽  
Mahin Kamalifard ◽  
Reyhaneh Ivanbagha
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Fear Of Childbirth ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Pain control and the stress associated with labor and delivery are among the most important issues of health care system. Use of distraction techniques during childbirth is reported to reduce pain and stress of labor. However, there is a limited publication that looked on the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress (primary outcomes), fear of childbirth, length of delivery stages, first minute Apgar score and oxytocin consumption (secondary outcomes). Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 68 pregnant women. Participants were allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups) by blocked randomization. Participants in the intervention group received distraction techniques in four sessions. Questionnaires of Fear of Childbirth (W-DEQ version A) and PSS once were completed before intervention and again at the 36th week for the W-DEQ and in the active phase for the PSS through interviews. The pain was assessed through VAS during active phase per hour. The length of delivery stages was recorded in the partograph chart. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and ANCOVA . Results: The mean of perceived stress during labor in the intervention group was significantly less than that of the control group (AMD: -3.2; 95% CI: -0.8 to -6.0; P= 0.01). The mean (SD) of pain intensity during labor was less than in the intervention and control groups compare to the control group (6.2 vs 7.5; P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fear of childbirth score (AMD: 5.3; 95% CI: 13.0 to -6.0; P= -2.3). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the active phase of labor (P= 0.504), second stage of delivery (P= 0.928), total length of delivery (P= 0.520), Apgar score (P= 1.000) and frequency of oxytocin consumption (P= 0.622). Conclusion: According to the results, distraction techniques can reduce the pain and stress of labor, but further studies by using the distraction techniques are needed to reach a decisive conclusion .

scholarly journals Comparing the Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils on Fatigue of Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Somayeh Mahdavikian ◽  
Masoud Fallahi ◽  
Alireza Khatony
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Objectives. There is limited and contradictory evidence about the effect of aromatherapy with peppermint and lavender essential oils on the fatigue of cardiac patients. Therefore, the present study was aimed to compare the effect of aromatherapy with peppermint and lavender essential oils on fatigue in cardiac patients. Methods. This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 105 cardiac patients. They were randomly divided into three groups: peppermint essential oil (n = 35), lavender essential oil (n = 35), and control (n = 35). Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to collect data. The intervention was performed for 7 nights. Before and after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by all patients. In each intervention group, patients inhaled 3 drops of lavender or peppermint essential oils. In the control group, patients inhaled 3 drops of aromatic placebo. Results. The results showed the average fatigue decreased in the study groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of lavender and peppermint in terms of mean fatigue after the intervention. However, there was a statistically significant difference between lavender and control groups ( P < 0.001 ), as well as peppermint and control groups ( P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Aromatherapy with peppermint and lavender essential oils can reduce the fatigue of cardiac patients, so the use of these fragrances is recommended.

scholarly journals The effect of delivery ball and warm shower on the childbirth experience of nulliparous women: A randomized controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
parvaneh sharifipour ◽  
Masoomeh Kheirkhah ◽  
Mojgan Rajati ◽  
hamid haghani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Childbirth is a unique experience that affects women’s life. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effect of delivery ball and warm shower on the childbirth experience of primiparous women. Methods This study is a clinical trial that was carried out on primiparous pregnant women referred to Motazedi Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. Sampling was done by continuous method and pregnant women were divided into three groups of delivery ball-warm shower (n = 33), delivery ball (n = 33) and control (n = 33). Exercise with ball at the dilation of 4 cm was similar in the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and delivery ball, but the first group also used warm shower at the dilatation of 7 cm. The control group only received the routine delivery care. Demographic information form consisting of pregnancy history and information about the mother and infant were completed and the childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ) were completed by the women two hours after the childbirth. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of childbirth experience after the intervention between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.001), and also between the delivery ball and control groups (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of professional support between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.02) and also between the delivery ball and control groups (p = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of participation between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.003) and also between the delivery ball and control groups (P = 0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of sense of security between the two groups of delivery ball-warm shower and control (P = 0.01). Conclusion Delivery ball and warm shower were effective interventions to create a positive childbirth experience. This method was more effective than using delivery ball alone in childbirth experience. To achieve a positive experience of childbirth in mothers, the use of both intervention (delivery ball and warm shower) is recommended.

scholarly journals The effect of prenatal counseling on breastfeeding self-efficacy and frequency of breastfeeding problems in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding: A randomized controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
fahimeh sehhatie shafaei ◽  
mojgan mirghafourvand ◽  
shiva havizari
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Prenatal Counseling ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Breastfeeding Problems ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most important interfering factors in infants’ health. Monitoring mothers’ performance and providing them with the feedback helps to increase their self-efficacy, interest in learning, and level of performance. The present research evaluates the effect of prenatal counseling on the breastfeeding self-efficacy and frequency of breastfeeding problems in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 108 pregnant women with unsuccessful breastfeeding in Tabriz health centers during 2017-2018. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group had four prenatal counseling sessions and the controls only received routine care. Then, the mothers who gave birth to their children received a counseling session up to 4 months after the delivery. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSES) questionnaire and the frequency of breast feeding problems checklist on the 15th day, and 2nd and 4th month were completed both by the intervention and control groups.Results: The mean (SD) of breastfeeding self-efficacy was 119.3 (10.5), 128.3 (8.3) and 133.8 (10.3) in the intervention group and 105.3 (16.1), 105.7 (19.7) and 109.4 (24.7) in the control group on the 15th day, 2nd and 4th month after the delivery, respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy between intervention and control group on the 15th day (p<0.001), and 2nd (p<0.001) and 4th (p<0.001) month after the delivery. The frequency of breastfeeding problems on the 15th (p=0.008), 2nd (p<0.001) and 4th (p<0.001) after the delivery was significantly different in most cases of the intervention group when compared to the controls.Conclusion: The results indicated that prenatal counseling can increase mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy and solves most breastfeeding problems during postpartum period.Trial registration: IRCT20100109003027N19

scholarly journals The effect of wet-cupping on the severity of migraine headaches: Randomized controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2992-2995
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zarei ◽  
Amir Tabatabaee ◽  
Mostafa Roshan Ravan
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of wet-cupping on pain intensity in patients with migraines. Method: 132 patients were diagnosed with migraines. Pain intensity was evaluated based on the visual analogue scale. After homogenizing the data, patients were randomly divided into two (wet-cupping and control) groups. Paired t-test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean of pain intensity of wetcupping (7.61+/-1.29) and control (7.22+/-1.21) before the intervention showed no significant difference (p=0.401). There was a significant difference between the mean of pain relief intensity of wet-cupping (2.4+/-1.9) and control (0.6+/-0.8) groups before and after interventions (p<0.001). Conclusion: Wet-cupping is an effective tool to treat migraine headaches. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials IRCT201110314495N2  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dorema Ammoniacum and Acupuncture's Therapeutic Effects in Patients With Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Mehrpour ◽  
Mahdi Yousefi ◽  
Monavar AfzalAghaee ◽  
Hasan Rakhshandeh ◽  
Hoda Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Aim: Stroke is the third prevalent cause of disability worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Dorema ammoniacum and acupuncture in the management of patients with stroke.Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, patients with a recent ischemic stroke (within the first month of stroke) were investigated. The patients were divided into three groups. The first group was managed by acupuncture, while the second group received 1 g of Dorema ammoniacum (two 500 mg capsules per day) from ammoniacum gum. The two intervention groups also received standard treatment with routine medical therapy and physiotherapy. The final group was the control, which only received conventional treatment and physiotherapy. The patients were evaluated immediately before the interventions, and one month after the interventions, using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS).Results: There was a significant difference in the mean score of mNIHSS at the beginning and end of the study in all of the three studied groups (P<0.001). There were significant pre-treatment/post-treatment differences between the groups (P<0.001). After controlling for the effect of mNIHSS score at the beginning of the study and the follow-up visit, a significant difference was observed between the three groups regarding the mean mNIHSS score post-intervention (P<0.001). The results of the post-hoc test indicated a significant difference between the acupuncture and control groups, Dorema ammoniacum and control groups (P<0.001), acupuncture, and Dorema ammoniacum groups (P<0.001); the extent of reduction was greater in the acupuncture group. The mean mNIHSS scores of the acupuncture and Dorema ammoniacum groups were 1.82 and 1.04 lower than the control group's mean score, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean mRS score at the beginning and end of the study in all three groups (P<0.001). However, the extent of reduction was greater in the acupuncture group.Conclusion: Acupuncture and Dorema ammoniacum may be beneficial if started within the first month of stroke incidence. However, acupuncture can cause a greater reduction in the mNIHSS score of stroke patients. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20170227032797N2).Registered 5 March 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/25469

scholarly journals The effect of counseling on fathers’ stress and anxiety during pregnancy: a randomized controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mohammadpour ◽  
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi ◽  
Jamileh Malakouti ◽  
Mehriar Nadar Mohammadi ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expectant Fathers ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Pregnancy is a challenging period for mothers and fathers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of counseling on stress and anxiety levels of fathers. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 102 spouses of pregnant women in Ardabil, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group attended four 60-min counseling sessions at weekly intervals. The perceived stress and anxiety questionnaires were completed before and 4 weeks after the intervention. Results The mean scores of state anxiety in the intervention group decreased significantly 4 weeks after the intervention compared with the control group (MD: -2.4; 95%CI: − 4.7 to − 0.2; p = 0.030). Four weeks after the intervention, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of trait anxiety (p = 0.472) and perceived stress (p = 0.635). Conclusions The findings indicate that counseling reduced state anxiety in expectant fathers; therefore, this intervention is recommended to be used to reduce fathers’ anxiety. Trial registration IRCT2017042910324N38. Registered 25 June 2017

scholarly journals Improving nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and performance in relation to ethical codes through group reflection strategy

BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Momennasab ◽  
Marjan Ghanbari ◽  
Mozhgan Rivaz
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Abstract Background The most basic responsibility of nurses that even precedes their therapeutic role is respect for professional ethics in providing clinical care. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of group reflection on the knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses in relation to ethical codes. Methods The present blinded, before-after, educational trial was conducted on 86 nurses working at a general hospital in the south of Iran who were randomly divided into a intervention (n = 44) and a control (n = 42) group. Data were collected before and after the intervention using three tools, including a knowledge test, an attitude rating scale and a performance questionnaire. In the intervention group, the intervention given consisted of four sessions of group reflection, and the control group received a single lecture on ethical codes. Results The mean changes in the nurses’ score of knowledge after the intervention compared to before differed significantly in both intervention and control groups (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean changes in the score of knowledge (2.73 ± 3.45 in intervention group vs. 2.57 ± 3.36 in control group, P = 0.83). Although the mean score of attitude differed significantly between the intervention and control groups in the posttest (34.7 ± 8.44 in intervention group vs. 29.95 ± 9.09 in control group, P < 0.014), the two groups were not significantly different in terms of the mean changes in the score of attitude in relation to ethical codes before and after the intervention (P < 0.14). Moreover, the two groups were significantly different in terms of the mean changes in the scores of performance in the two stages (9.07 ± 16.84 in intervention group vs. 0.67 ± 20.01 in control group, P < 0.001). Conclusion Group reflection can improve the knowledge, attitude and performance of nurses in relation to ethical codes. Although lectures can help improve nurses’ knowledge and attitude in this area, they have no significant effects on their performance. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (No: IRCT2016070317546N6, registration date: 10 October 2016), https://www.irct.ir/trial/16112

scholarly journals The Effect of Psychological Hotwash on Resilience of Emergency Medical Services Personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abbasali Ebrahimian ◽  
Seyed-Mahdi Esmaeili ◽  
Arash Seidabadi ◽  
Ali Fakhr-Movahedi
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emergency Medical Services Personnel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction. Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel are exposed to stress. Job stress in EMS personnel can reduce their resilience and have adverse effects on their clinical performance and mental health, thus reducing the quality of their work. The present research was performed to determine the effect of psychological hotwash on resilience of emergency medical services personnel. Methods. This study was a quasiexperimental. Sixty-four EMS personnel were randomly divided into two groups of hotwash and control. The psychological hotwash program was performed in the intervention group for a month based on the protocol; however, the control group continued their usual work and received no intervention. A day and six weeks after the psychological hotwash in the intervention group, the resilience of the EMS personnel was remeasured in both groups. Results. Before the intervention, the participants’ mean resilience score was 138.37 ± 7.04 in the intervention group and 137.34 ± 8.48 in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of resilience in the intervention and control groups a day after the intervention ( P = 0.003 ). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of resilience in the intervention and control groups 6 weeks after the intervention ( P = 0.102 ). Conclusion. The EMS personnel’s attendance at psychological hotwash sessions could increase their resilience. Nevertheless, the sessions should not be interrupted because the 6-week interruption of the sessions caused the nonsignificant scores of resilience in the hotwash and control groups. Hence, it is recommended to continue the investigation of the effects of hotwash on resilience, stress reduction, and job burnout reduction in EMS personnel by other researchers in different settings.

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