scholarly journals Effective methods for reactivating inactive blood donors: a stratified randomized controlled study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian OU-YANG ◽  
Chun-Hua BEI ◽  
Hua-Qin LIANG ◽  
Bo HE ◽  
Jin-Yan CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Sms Reminder ◽  
Sms Reminders ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Telephone Group

Abstract Background: Recruiting of sufficient numbers of donors of blood products is vital worldwide. In this study we assessed the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of telephone calls and SMS reminders for re-recruitment of inactive blood donors. Methods: This single-centre, non-blinded, parallel randomized controlled trial in Guangzhou, China included 11,880 inactive blood donors whose last donation was between January 1 and June 30, 2014. The donors were randomly assigned to either one of two intervention groups (received telephone or short message service [SMS] communications) or to a control group without intervention. SMS messages with altruistic appeal were adopted in the SMS group; in addition to altruistic appeal, reasons for deferral of blood donation were also asked in the telephone group. All participants were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome were re-donation rates, compared by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, average treatment effect (ATE) and average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) estimations. Secondary outcomes were the self-reported deterrents. Other outcomes included the re-donation interval, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of telephone calls versus SMS reminders on re-recruitment. Results: ITT analysis discovered no significant differences in the re-donation rate among the three groups. ATE estimation showed that participants who were randomly assigned to the telephone group were more likely to re-donate than those in the SMS group. ATT estimations indicated that among compliers, telephone calls significantly increased re-donation compared to both SMS reminders and no intervention. Donor return behaviour was positively associated with receiving reminders successfully, being male, older age, and previous donation history. The SMS reminder prompted donors to return sooner than no reminder within 6 months, and according to ICER calculations, SMS reminders were more cost-effective than telephone calls. Donors reported time constraints as the most main causes of self-deferral in the telephone group, and altruistic appeal had a positive effect on these donors. Conclusions: Interventions to reactivate inactive blood donors can be effective, with telephone calls prompting more donors to return but at a greater cost than SMS messages. SMS reminder with altruistic appeal can urge donors to re-donate sooner within 6 months than no reminder.

scholarly journals Effective methods for reactivating inactive blood donors: a stratified randomized controlled study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian OU-YANG ◽  
Chun-Hua BEI ◽  
Hua-Qin LIANG ◽  
Bo HE ◽  
Jin-Yan CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Donation Rate ◽  
Sms Reminder ◽  
Sms Reminders ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Telephone Group

Abstract Background: Recruiting of sufficient numbers of donors of blood products is vital worldwide. In this study we assessed the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of telephone calls and SMS reminders for re-recruitment of inactive blood donors. Methods: This single-centre, non-blinded, parallel randomized controlled trial in Guangzhou, China included 11,880 inactive blood donors whose last donation was between January 1 and June 30, 2014. The donors were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups (telephone call or short message service [SMS] communications) or to a control group without intervention. SMS messages with altruistic appeal were adopted in the SMS group; in addition to altruistic appeal, reasons for deferral of blood donation were also asked in the telephone group. All participants were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was re-donation rate, and rates in different groups were compared by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and estimation of the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). Secondary outcomes were the self-reported deterrents. Other outcomes included the re-donation interval, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of telephone calls and SMS reminders on re-recruitment. Results: ITT analysis revealed no significant differences in the re-donation rate among the three groups. ATT estimations indicated that among compliers, telephone calls significantly increased re-donation compared to both SMS reminders and no intervention. Donor return behaviour was positively associated with receiving reminders successfully, being male, older age, and previous donation history. The SMS reminder prompted donors to return sooner than no reminder within 6 months, and according to ICER calculations, SMS reminders were more cost-effective than telephone calls. Donors reported time constraints as the most main causes of self-deferral in the telephone group, and altruistic appeal had a positive effect on these donors. Conclusions: Interventions to reactivate inactive blood donors can be effective, with telephone calls prompting more donors to return but at a greater cost than SMS messages. SMS reminder with altruistic appeal can urge donors to re-donate sooner within 6 months than no reminder.

scholarly journals Evaluación de impacto académico y social en egresados universitarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-712
Author(s):  
Gabriel González ◽  
Luisa Díez-Echavarría ◽  
Elkin Zapa ◽  
Danilo Eusse
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Average Treatment

Las instituciones de educación superior deben formar a sus estudiantes según requerimientos del contexto en que se desenvuelven, ya que, sobre la base de su desempeño, es donde se medirá si las políticas de desarrollo socioeconómico son efectivas. Para lograrlo, es necesario identificar el impacto de esa educación en sus egresados, y hacer los ajustes necesarios que generen mejora continua. El objetivo de este artículo es estimar el impacto académico y social de egresados del Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano – Medellín, a través de un análisis multivariado y la estimación del modelo Average Treatment Effect (ATE). Se encontró que la educación ofrecida a esta población ha generado un impacto académico, asociado a los estudios de actualización, y dos impactos sociales, asociados a la situación laboral y al nivel de ingresos percibidos por los egresados. Se recomienda usar esta metodología en otras instituciones, ya que suele arrojar resultados más informativos y precisos que los estudios tradicionales de caracterización, y se puede medir el efecto de cualquier estrategia.

The Effect of Extension Services and Credit on Agricultural Production in Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus C. R. Neves ◽  
Felipe De Figueiredo Silva ◽  
Carlos Otávio Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Andean Countries ◽  
Average Treatment Effects

In this paper we estimate the average treatment effect from access to extension services and credit on agricultural production in selected Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia). More specifically, we want to identify the effect of accessibility, here represented as travel time to the nearest area with 1,500 or more inhabitants per square kilometer or at least 50,000 inhabitants, on the likelihood of accessing extension and credit. To estimate the treatment effect and identify the effect of accessibility on these variables, we use data from the Colombian and Bolivian Agricultural Censuses of 2013 and 2014, respectively; a national agricultural survey from 2017 for Peru; and geographic information on travel time. We find that the average treatment effect for extension is higher compared to that of credit for farms in Bolivia and Peru, and lower for Colombia. The average treatment effects of extension and credit for Peruvian farms are $2,387.45 and $3,583.42 respectively. The average treatment effect for extension and credit are $941.92 and $668.69, respectively, while in Colombia are $1,365.98 and $1,192.51, respectively. We also find that accessibility and the likelihood of accessing these services are nonlinearly related. Results indicate that higher likelihood is associated with lower travel time, especially in the analysis of credit.

OLS and 2SLS in Randomized and Conditionally Randomized Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ansel ◽  
Han Hong ◽  
and Jessie Li
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Adaptive Randomization ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Local Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Effect Parameter ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Local Average

Abstract We investigate estimation and inference of the (local) average treatment effect parameter when a binary instrumental variable is generated by a randomized or conditionally randomized experiment. Under i.i.d. sampling, we show that adding covariates and their interactions with the instrument will weakly improve estimation precision of the (local) average treatment effect, but the robust OLS (2SLS) standard errors will no longer be valid. We provide an analytic correction that is easy to implement and demonstrate through Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application the interacted estimator’s efficiency gains over the unadjusted estimator and the uninteracted covariate adjusted estimator. We also generalize our results to covariate adaptive randomization where the treatment assignment is not i.i.d., thus extending the recent contributions of Bugni, F., I.A. Canay, A.M. Shaikh (2017a), Inference Under Covariate-Adaptive Randomization. Working Paper and Bugni, F., I.A. Canay, A.M. Shaikh (2017b), Inference Under Covariate-Adaptive Randomization with Multiple Treatments. Working Paper to allow for the case of non-compliance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document