scholarly journals Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in South Africa 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronillah Rudo Sichewo ◽  
Tiny M. Hlokwe ◽  
Eric M.C. Etter ◽  
Anita L. Michel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Spoligotype Pattern ◽  
Public Health Threat

Abstract Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) affects cattle and wildlife in South Africa with the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as the principal maintenance host. The presence of a wildlife maintenance host at the wildlife/livestock interface acting as spill-over host makes it much more challenging to control and eradicate bTB in cattle. Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping methods were performed to investigate the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) isolates from cattle and wildlife, their distribution and transmission at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa. Results: SB0130 was identified as the dominant spoligotype pattern at this wildlife/livestock interface, while VNTR typing revealed a total of 29 VNTR profiles (strains) in the KZN province signifying high genetic variability. The detection of 5 VNTR profiles shared between cattle and buffalo suggests M. bovis transmission between species. MIRU-VNTR confirmed co-infection in one cow with three strains of M. bovis that differed at a single locus, with 2 being shared with buffalo, implying pathogen introduction from most probably unrelated wildlife sources. Conclusion: Our findings highlight inter and intra species transmission of bTB at the wildlife/livestock interface and the need for the implementation of adequate bTB control measures to mitigate the spread of the pathogen responsible for economic losses and a public health threat.

scholarly journals Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronillah Rudo Sichewo ◽  
Tiny M. Hlokwe ◽  
Eric M.C. Etter ◽  
Anita L. Michel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Spoligotype Pattern ◽  
Public Health Threat

Abstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) affects cattle and wildlife in South Africa with the African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ) as the principal maintenance host. The presence of a wildlife maintenance host at the wildlife/livestock interface acting as spill-over host makes it much more challenging to control and eradicate bTB in cattle. Spoligotyping and mycobacteria interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping methods were performed to investigate the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis ( M. bovis ) isolates from cattle and wildlife, their distribution and transmission at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa. Results SB0130 was identified as the dominant spoligotype pattern at this wildlife/livestock interface, while VNTR typing revealed a total of 29 VNTR profiles (strains) in the KZN province signifying high genetic variability. The detection of 5 VNTR profiles shared between cattle and buffalo suggests M. bovis transmission between species. MIRU-VNTR confirmed co-infection in one cow with three strains of M. bovis that differed at a single locus, with 2 being shared with buffalo, implying pathogen introduction from most probably unrelated wildlife sources. Conclusion Our findings highlight inter and intra species transmission of bTB at the wildlife/livestock interface and the need for the implementation of adequate bTB control measures to mitigate the spread of the pathogen responsible for economic losses and a public health threat.

scholarly journals Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronillah Rudo Sichewo ◽  
Tiny M. Hlokwe ◽  
Eric M.C. Etter ◽  
Anita L. Michel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
High Genetic Variability ◽  
Spoligotype Pattern ◽  
Public Health Threat

Abstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) affects cattle and wildlife in South Africa with the African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ) as the principal maintenance host. The presence of a wildlife maintenance host at the wildlife/livestock interface acting as spill-over host makes it much more challenging to control and eradicate bTB in cattle. Spoligotyping and mycobacteria interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping methods were performed to investigate the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis ( M. bovis ) isolates from cattle and wildlife, their distribution and transmission at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa. Results SB0130 was identified as the dominant spoligotype pattern at this wildlife/livestock interface, while VNTR typing revealed a total of 29 VNTR profiles (strains) in the KZN province signifying high genetic variability. The detection of 5 VNTR profiles shared between cattle and buffalo suggests M. bovis transmission between species. MIRU-VNTR confirmed co-infection in one cow with three strains of M. bovis that differed at a single locus, with 2 being shared with buffalo, implying pathogen introduction from most probably unrelated wildlife sources. Conclusion Our findings highlight inter and intra species transmission of bTB at the wildlife/livestock interface and the need for the implementation of adequate bTB control measures to mitigate the spread of the pathogen responsible for economic losses and a public health threat.

scholarly journals Performance of a Noninvasive Test for Detecting Mycobacterium bovis Shedding in European Badger (Meles meles) Populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 2316-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley C. King ◽  
Andrew Murphy ◽  
Phillip James ◽  
Emma Travis ◽  
David Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Noninvasive Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
European Badger

The incidence ofMycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle herds in the United Kingdom is increasing, resulting in substantial economic losses. The European badger (Meles meles) is implicated as a wildlife reservoir and is the subject of control measures aimed at reducing the incidence of infection in cattle populations. Understanding the epidemiology ofM. bovisin badger populations is essential for directing control interventions and understanding disease spread; however, accurate diagnosis in live animals is challenging and currently uses invasive methods. Here we present a noninvasive diagnostic procedure and sampling regimen using field sampling of latrines and detection ofM. boviswith quantitative PCR tests, the results of which strongly correlate with the results of immunoassays in the field at the social group level. This method allowsM. bovisinfections in badger populations to be monitored without trapping and provides additional information on the quantities of bacterial DNA shed. Therefore, our approach may provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in badger populations and inform disease control interventions.

Lantana camara (lantana).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Thomas ◽  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Agricultural Weed ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Ornamental Shrub

Abstract L. camara is a highly variable ornamental shrub, native of the neotropics. It has been introduced to most of the tropics and subtropics as a hedge plant and has since been reported as extremely weedy and invasive in many countries. It is generally deleterious to biodiversity and has been reported as an agricultural weed resulting in large economic losses in a number of countries. In addition to this, it increases the risk of fire, is poisonous to livestock and is a host for numerous pests and diseases. L. camara is difficult to control. In Australia, India and South Africa aggressive measures to eradicate L. camara over the last two centuries have been largely unsuccessful, and the invasion trajectory has continued upwards despite control measures. This species has been the target of biological control programmes for over a century, with successful control only being reported in a few instances.

scholarly journals A novel multiplex-PCR for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium bovis in clinical isolates of both veterinary and human origin

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. COBOS-MARÍN ◽  
J. MONTES-VARGAS ◽  
S. RIVERA-GUTIERREZ ◽  
A. LICEA-NAVARRO ◽  
J. A. GONZÁLEZ-Y-MERCHAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Reliable Identification

Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease that not only causes huge economic losses but also poses an important risk for human infection. The definitive identification of a clinical isolate relies on time-consuming, highly specialized and laborious biochemical tests. We have developed a method for the rapid and reliable identification of Mycobacterium bovis and for its simultaneous differentiation from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex. Furthermore, the technique also allowed us to distinguish M. tuberculosis complex members from other Mycobacterial species. The method comprises both a single PCR and a multiplex-PCR and can be confidently applied to samples of both veterinary and human origin.

scholarly journals Epidemiological tracing of bovine tuberculosis in Switzerland, multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0172474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ghielmetti ◽  
Simone Scherrer ◽  
Ute Friedel ◽  
Daniel Frei ◽  
Dominique Suter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterium Caprae

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial Mycobacterium bovis prevalence patterns as evidenced in the All Wales Badgers Found Dead (AWBFD) survey of infection 2014–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schroeder ◽  
Beverley Hopkins ◽  
Jeff Jones ◽  
Terry Galloway ◽  
Ryan Pike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
And Control

Abstract In order to better understand the spatial spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Wales, an All Wales Badgers Found Dead (AWBFD) survey was carried out from 2014–2016. For Wales, as a whole, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in prevalence of bTB in badgers since a similar survey was carried out in 2005–2006, with a drop from 13.3% to 7.3%. The highest prevalence was observed for the High TB Area East (18.6%), which shares its border with England, and differed significantly (p < 0.001) from the High TB Area West (7.4%). The lowest proportion of carcases diagnosed with the disease (0.7%) was in the Low TB Area, followed by the two Intermediate TB Areas of Wales (2.7%). The M. bovis isolates from badgers tended to be similar to the genotypes of cattle in the same area, except in the Low TB Area. The direction of any cross species transmission and the drivers for this cannot be determined from this study. The spatial variations described here support the need for regionally adapted surveillance and control measures for bovine tuberculosis in Wales.

scholarly journals ERAP1 and PDE8A Are Downregulated in Cattle Protected against Bovine Tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carlos Blanco ◽  
Marcelo Abel Soria ◽  
Laura Inés Klepp ◽  
Fabiana Bigi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Host Immune Responses

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> that is responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. In spite of its relevance, the limited knowledge about the host immune responses that provide effective protection against the disease has long hampered the development of an effective vaccine. The identification of host proteins with an expression that correlates with protection against bTB would contribute to the understanding of the cattle defence mechanisms against <i>M. bovis</i> infection. In this study, we found that <i>ERAP1</i> and <i>PDE8A</i> were downregulated in vaccinated cattle that were protected from experimental <i>M. bovis</i> challenge. Remarkably, both genes encode proteins that have been negatively associated with immune protection against bTB.

scholarly journals The use of a bacterin vaccine in broiler breeders for the control of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in commercial broilers

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P.R. Bisschop ◽  
M. Van Vuuren ◽  
B. Gummow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a recently identified bacterial pathogen of poultry, linked to the respiratory disease complex of broilers and the economic losses associated with that disease complex. Present control measures applied for the disease include the continuous use of in-feed antibiotics. A recently developed bacterin vaccine that is applied to broiler-breeder hens to pass on protective immunity to their broiler progeny was tested under large-scale commercial conditions in South Africa. An indirect ELISA test for antibodies to ORT, optimised for use in South Africa, was used to determine antibody levels in breeders and broilers. ELISA test results showed that the vaccine stimulated the development of high antibody titre levels in broiler breeders. The efficacy of the vaccine in protecting the progeny of these birds from ORT challenge could not be determined during the trial, although the progeny of vaccinated hens appeared to perform slightly better under commercial conditions than the progeny of unvaccinated hens.

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