scholarly journals Molecular detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Porcine Circovirus 2 and Hepatitis E Virus in oral fluid compared to their detection in faeces and serum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plut ◽  
Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki ◽  
Marina Stukelj
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples

Abstract Background Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are common and economically important viral disease causative agents detected in pig oral fluid (OF), faeces and serum at some infection stages. The purpose of this study was to detect PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV on six pig farms to determine which of the three sample types, OF, faeces or serum is appropriate for the diagnosis of these viruses in different pig categories. The following pig categories were included: 5 weeks-old (w/o), 7 w/o, 9 w/o, 11 w/o weaners, fatteners and breeding sows. Pursuant to the preliminary detection of each pathogen at the selected farms, OF samples, faeces, serum pools and 10 individual sera were examined, using PCR, for each age category. If any of the viruses were found in pools of faeces and OF, then faeces and OF from positive farms were tested separately for each pig category. The viral nucleic acids were detected using RT-PCR, PCR and real-time RT-PCR, for PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV respectively.Results PRRSV and HEV were detected on one farm and PCV2 on three others, positive results being more often obtained from the OF than from the faeces of the same animals. Ten individual serum samples from pigs from the same group of animals were also tested. The viruses were detected in almost all individual sera and OF in the same pig category with some exceptions: PRRSV was detected in the OF of fatteners but was absent in their sera; on Farm 2, PCV2 was detected in sera of 11 w/o pigs and fatteners but absent in group samples of their OF and, vice versa, in case of 9 w/o animals; HEV was detected in the OF of the youngest, 5 w/o weaners and absent in sera of the same age group.Conclusions The primary finding of the study is that OF is a welfare-friendly, non-invasive and highly efficient matrix for pathogen detection, thus evidencing the usefulness of pig OF as a matrix in which each of the three viruses considered can be detected with the highest probability.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Porcine Circovirus 2 and Hepatitis E Virus in oral fluid compared to their detection in faeces and serum.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plut ◽  
Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki ◽  
Marina Stukelj
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples

Abstract Background: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are common and economically important viral disease causative agents detected in pig oral fluid (OF), faeces and serum at some infection stages. The purpose of this study was to detect PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV on six pig farms to determine which of the three sample types, OF, faeces or serum is appropriate for the diagnosis of these viruses in different pig categories.The following pig categories were included: 5 weeks-old (w/o), 7 w/o, 9 w/o, 11 w/o weaners, fatteners and breeding sows. Pursuant to the preliminary detection of each pathogen at the selected farms, OF samples, faeces, serum pools and 10 individual sera were examined, using PCR, for each age category. If any of the viruses were found in pools of faeces and OF, then faeces and OF from positive farms were tested separately for each pig category. The viral nucleic acids were detected using RT-PCR, PCR and real-time RT-PCR, for PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV respectively.Results: PRRSV and HEV were detected on one farm and PCV2 on three others, positive results being more often obtained from the OF than from the faeces of the same animals. Ten individual serum samples from pigs from the same group of animals were also tested. The viruses were detected in almost all individual sera and OF in the same pig category with some exceptions: PRRSV was detected in the OF of fatteners but was absent in their sera; on Farm 2, PCV2 was detected in sera of 11 w/o pigs and fatteners but absent in group samples of their OF and, vice versa, in case of 9 w/o animals; HEV was detected in the OF of the youngest, 5 w/o weaners and absent in sera of the same age group.Conclusions: The primary finding of the study is that OF is a welfare-friendly, non-invasive and highly efficient matrix for pathogen detection, thus evidencing the usefulness of pig OF as a matrix in which each of the three viruses considered can be detected with the highest probability.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Porcine Circovirus 2 and Hepatitis E Virus in oral fluid compared to detection in faeces and serum.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Plut ◽  
Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki ◽  
Marina Stukelj
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Causative Agents

Abstract Background Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are common and economically important viral disease causative agents detected in pig oral fluid (OF), faeces and serum at some infection stages. The purpose of this study was to detect and compare PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV on six pig farms to determine which of the three sample types, OF, faeces or serum is appropriate for the diagnosis of these viruses in different pig categories. The following pig categories were included in the study: 5 weeks-old (w/o), 7 w/o, 9 w/o, 11 w/o weaners, fatteners and breeding sows. Pursuant to preliminary detection of each pathogen at the selected farms, OF samples, faeces, serum pools and 10 individual sera were tested with PCR for each age category. If any of the viruses were found in pools of faeces and OF, then faeces and OF from positive farms were tested separately for each pig category. The nucleic acid isolated from the samples was detected with RT-PCR, PCR and real-time RT-PCR for PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV respectively. Results PRRSV and HEV were detected on one farm and PCV2 on three others, positive results being more often obtained from the OF than from the faeces of the same animals. Testing of 10 individual sera samples from pigs from the same group of pigs was also performed, and detected the virus in individual sera and OF in the same pig category, with some exceptions: PRRSV was detected in the OF of fatteners but was absent in their sera; PCV2 was detected in sera but absent in group samples or vice-versa but OF sample , whereas HEV was detected in the OF of the youngest, 5w/o weaners and absent in sera of the same age group. Conclusions The primary finding of the study is that OF is a welfare-friendly, non-invasive and highly efficient matrix for pathogen detection, thus evidencing the utility of pig OF as a matrix in which each of the three viruses considered can be detected with the highest probability.

scholarly journals Virus and Antibody Diagnostics for Swine Samples of the Dominican Republic Collected in Regions Near the Border to Haiti

ISRN Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ventura ◽  
W. Gonzalez ◽  
R. Barrette ◽  
S. Swenson ◽  
A. Bracht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Swine Population

The Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola, and reportable transboundary animal diseases have been introduced between the two countries historically. Outbreaks of severe teschovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs began occurring in Haiti in February 2009, and a field and laboratort study in April 2010 indicated that the teschovirus disease is prevalent in many regions in Haiti including areas near the border with DR and that other viral disease agents, including CSF virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and swine influenza virus (SIV), are present in the swine population in these regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the introduction of teschovirus encephalomyelitis from Haiti to DR and to identify the other viral disease agents present in the swine population in regions of DR near the border with Haiti. Six of 7 brains and 6 of 7 spinal cords collected from pigs with central nervous system (CNS) signs were positive in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for PTV. Genome sequencing on the Dominican PTV and phylogenetic analysis on the polyprotein of PTV strains indicate that the sequence of the Dominican PTV is 99.1% identical to the Haitian isolate and closely related to other PTV-1 strains in the world. Among 109 serum samples tested, 65 (59.6%) were positive for antibodies to PCV-2, and 51 (46.8%) were positive for antibodies to CSFV. Fifty-four of the 109 serum samples were tested for antibodies to other agents. Among the 54 samples, 20 (37.0%) were seropositive to PTV-1, 17 (31.5%) tested seropositive to SIV H3N2, 12 (22.2%) were seropositive to SIV H1N1, and 1 (1.9%) was seropositive to PRRSV.

scholarly journals Epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus type 2 and its coinfection rate in Shandong province in China from 2015 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Ma ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Zhaohu Liu ◽  
Fanliang Meng ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus

Abstract Background Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is one of the crucial swine viral pathogens, caused porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD). Shandong province is one of the most important pork producing areas and bears a considerable economic loss due to PCVAD. However, there is limited information on epidemiology and coinfection rate of PCV2 with other critical swine diseases in this area, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Results Overall, 89.59% serum samples and 36.98% tissue samples were positive for PCV2 specified ELISA and PCR positive for PCV2, respectively. The coinfection rates of PCV2 with PRRSV, PRV, CSFV, and PEDV were 26.73%, 18.37%, 13.06%, and 3.47%, respectively. Moreover, genetic characteristic of PCV2 were analyzed based on the cap genes showing that PCV2d is the dominant sub-genotype circulating in the province. Conclusions Our findings reveal that PCV2d, as the dominant strain, is prevailing in pig farms in Shandong province at high levels. There was a high frequency of coinfection of PCV2 and PRRSV.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Imported and Domestic Camels in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Molecular Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif A. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Ahmed M. Hassan ◽  
Mai M. El-Daly ◽  
Mohammed Al-Hajri ◽  
Elmoubashar Farag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Amino Acid Difference ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses

Abstract Camels gained attention since the discovery of MERS-CoV as intermediary hosts for potentially epidemic zoonotic viruses. DcHEV is a novel zoonotic pathogen associated with camel contact. This study aimed to genetically characterize DcHEV in domestic and imported camels in Saudi Arabia. DcHEV was detected by RT-PCR in serum samples, PCR-positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. DcHEV was detected in 1.77% of samples with higher positivity in domestic DCs. All positive imported dromedaries were from Sudan with age declining prevalence. Domestic DcHEV sequences clustered with sequences from Kenya, Somalia, and UAE while imported sequences clustered with one DcHEV isolate from UAE and both sequences clustered away from isolates reported from Pakistan. Full-genome sequences showed 24 amino acid difference with reference sequences. Our results confirm the detection of DcHEV in domestic and imported DCs. Further investigations are needed in human and camel populations to identify DcHEV potential zoonosis threat.

scholarly journals Detection Patterns of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6) in Polish Swine Farms

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara Miłek ◽  
Aleksandra Woźniak ◽  
Magdalena Guzowska ◽  
Tomasz Stadejek
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Porcine Parvovirus ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
The Impact

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major causative agent in reproductive failure, but in the last two decades many novel porcine parvoviruses were described and designated as porcine parvovirus 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6). However, their role for pig health is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the on-farm prevalence of PPVs in different age groups of pigs, and to assess the diagnostic applicability of testing different diagnostic materials. In total, 271 oral fluids, 1244 serum samples, and 1238 fecal samples were collected from 3–21-week-old pigs from 19 farms, and after pooling by 4–6, tested by real-time PCR. The results showed that PPVs are widely spread in Poland and that the highest detection rates were obtained for oral fluids (ranging from 10.7% (PPV1) to 48.7% (PPV2)). Fattening pigs were the age group with the most frequent detection of PPVs (ranging from 8.6% (PPV1) to 49.1% (PPV2)). Porcine parvoviruses were detected mostly in growing-finishing pigs and the infection persisted until the late fattening period, which may suggest the chronic character of the infection (especially for PPV2, which was found to commonly infect animals of all ages). Particularly low Ct values detected for PPV2, PPV3, PPV5, and PPV6 in serum pools from some farms suggested that these viruses may cause high levels of viremia in one or more individuals included in these pools. Further studies are needed to quantify the levels of PPVs viremia and to assess the impact in co-infections with other, often endemic pig viruses, such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM Anti-Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Tests Based on HEV RNA in an Area Where Hepatitis E Is Not Endemic

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 3915-3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chun Lin ◽  
Jaw-Ching Wu ◽  
Ting-Tsung Chang ◽  
Wen-Yu Chang ◽  
Ming-Lung Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E

Acute hepatitis E (AHE) has rarely been reported in industrialized countries, but the rate of seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies (anti-HEV) is inappropriately high. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay used to test for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM anti-HEV have not been well established in areas where hepatitis E is not endemic (hereafter referred to as “nonendemic areas”). We collected serum samples from 13 AHE patients, 271 healthy subjects, and 160 other liver disease patients in Taiwan to test for HEV RNA by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and for IgG and IgM anti-HEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The sensitivities of IgG and IgM anti-HEV (relative to RT-PCR) were 86.7 and 53.3%, respectively. The specificities of IgG and IgM anti-HEV assays for diagnosing AHE were 92.1 and 98.6%, respectively. The rate of seroprevalence of IgG anti-HEV was 11% among healthy subjects in this nonendemic area, and it increased with age. In summary, IgG anti-HEV is a good diagnostic test for screening for AHE in nonendemic areas. The high rate of prevalence of anti-HEV in healthy subjects indicates that subclinical infection may exist.

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