scholarly journals Occurrence and removal of illicit drugs in different wastewater treatment plants with different treatment techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanghui Deng ◽  
Changsheng Guo ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Xingxing Yin ◽  
Like Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The City ◽  
Process Method

Abstract BackgroundAs a class of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), illicit drugs should be taken into account in the water management because of their social and public health risks. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are usually considered as the source and sink of contaminants, and drug residues are observed in their effluents due to the inefficient removal of CECs. In this study, wastewater samples were collected from eight WWTPs in Changzhou City for assessment of the abuse of 12 illicit drugs in the city by Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) method.ResultsDrug concentrations ranged from <LOD-51.62 ng/L and <LOD-22.44 ng/L in influent and effluent samples, respectively. The highest removal rate of drugs was 79.0% in the WWTP which used sequencing batch reactor activated sludge (SBR) process method, while the lowest was found in the WWTP using anoxic oxic (A/O) process (47.0%), indicating that the drug removal rates were closely related to the treatment techniques. WBE method was applied to estimate the population normalized illicit drugs consumption. It demonstrated that methamphetamine (METH) was the most abused drug in Changzhou City, ranging from 0.16-20.65 mg/d/1000 inh, while other target drugs ranged from <LOD-1.52 mg/d/1000 inh. Consumption of cocaine (COC) and ecstasy was very low among the samples. ConclusionOverall, this research suggests that the SBR process is the best for removing illicit drugs. WBE can be readily to monitor the abuse of drugs in those regions, compared with traditional monitoring models. Much attention should be paid by regulatory and management communities to METH and KET abuse in Changzhou City.

scholarly journals Occurrence and removal of illicit drugs in different wastewater treatment plants with different treatment techniques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanghui Deng ◽  
Changsheng Guo ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Xingxing Yin ◽  
Like Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The City ◽  
Source And Sink

Abstract Background: As a class of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), illicit drugs should be taken into account in the water management because of their social and public health risks. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are usually considered as the source and sink of contaminants, and drug residues are observed in their effluents due to the inefficient removal of CECs. In this study, wastewater samples were collected from eight WWTPs in Changzhou City for assessment of the abuse of 12 illicit drugs in the city by wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) method. Results: Drug concentrations ranged from

scholarly journals Wastewater treatment in the city of Koprivnica

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Ivana Mlinarić ◽  
Dragana Dogančić ◽  
Nikola Sakač ◽  
Sanja Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
The City

Basedon the concept of sustainable development, water must be stored and protected for present and future generations. This also means saving the water through wastewater treatment. The primary role of the wastewater treatment plants is to treat wastewaters upto a satisfactory level of quality as close as possible to the natural state. The central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the City of Koprivnica treats wastewater including the tertiary wastewater. Due to considerable fluctuations in wastewater volumes and loads, sequential batch reactor (SBR) technology was selected as the best solution for wastewater treatment. The final stage of treatment at the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica is the process of sludge treatment by aerobic stabilization, dehydration and MID-MIX technology, which produces a chemicallyinert powder –solidificate. Solidificate can be used in civil engineering or it can be disposed tolandfill without environmental impact. This paper analyses the physical-chemical indicators of wastewater quality (chemical oxygen demand -COD, biological oxygen demand -BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended matter) on wastewater samples from the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica in a period from 2014 to 2016. The results indicate that the treatedwastewater has a satisfactory quality and that the WWTP of the City of Koprivnica works efficiently.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microplastics in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Tertiary Treatment: Removal Efficiencies and Loading per Day into the Environment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Javier Bayo ◽  
Sonia Olmos ◽  
Joaquín López-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Wastewater Samples

This study investigates the removal of microplastics from wastewater in an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Southeast Spain, including an oxidation ditch, rapid sand filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection. A total of 146.73 L of wastewater samples from influent and effluent were processed, following a density separation methodology, visual classification under a stereomicroscope, and FTIR analysis for polymer identification. Microplastics proved to be 72.41% of total microparticles collected, with a global removal rate of 64.26% after the tertiary treatment and within the average retention for European WWTPs. Three different shapes were identified: i.e., microfiber (79.65%), film (11.26%), and fragment (9.09%), without the identification of microbeads despite the proximity to a plastic compounding factory. Fibers were less efficiently removed (56.16%) than particulate microplastics (90.03%), suggesting that tertiary treatments clearly discriminate between forms, and reporting a daily emission of 1.6 × 107 microplastics to the environment. Year variability in microplastic burden was cushioned at the effluent, reporting a stable performance of the sewage plant. Eight different polymer families were identified, LDPE film being the most abundant form, with 10 different colors and sizes mainly between 1–2 mm. Future efforts should be dedicated to source control, plastic waste management, improvement of legislation, and specific microplastic-targeted treatment units, especially for microfiber removal.

scholarly journals Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Six Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants at the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in The United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Samendra P. Sherchan ◽  
Shalina Shahin ◽  
Jeenal Patel ◽  
Lauren M. Ward ◽  
Sarmila Tandukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wastewater Samples

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in primary influent (n = 42), secondary effluent (n = 24) and tertiary treated effluent (n = 34) collected from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A–F) in Virginia (WWTP A), Florida (WWTPs B, C, and D), and Georgia (WWTPs E and F) in the United States during April–July 2020. Of the 100 wastewater samples analyzed, eight (19%) untreated wastewater samples collected from the primary influents contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected in influent wastewater samples collected from WWTP A (Virginia), WWTPs E and F (Georgia) and WWTP D (Florida). Secondary and tertiary effluent samples were not positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA indicating the treatment processes in these WWTPs potentially removed SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the secondary and tertiary treatment processes. However, further studies are needed to understand the log removal values (LRVs) and transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through analyzing wastewater samples from a wider range of WWTPs.

scholarly journals Minimization of N2O Emission through Intermittent Aeration in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR): Main Behavior and Mechanism

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Tang Liu ◽  
Shufeng Liu ◽  
Shishi He ◽  
Zhichao Tian ◽  
Maosheng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizer ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Nitrifier Denitrification

To explore the main behavior and mechanism of minimizing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission through intermittent aeration during wastewater treatment, two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors operated at intermittently aerated mode (SBR1), and continuously aerated mode (SBR2) were established. Compared with SBR2, the intermittently aerated SBR1 reached not only a higher total nitrogen removal efficiency (averaged 93.5%) but also a lower N2O-emission factor (0.01–0.53% of influent ammonia), in which short-cut nitrification and denitrification were promoted. Moreover, less accumulation and consumption of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a potential endogenous carbon source promoting N2O emission, were observed in SBR1. Batch experiments revealed that nitrifier denitrification was the major pathway generating N2O while heterotrophic denitrification played as a sink of N2O, and SBR1 embraced a larger N2O-mitigating capability. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results suggested that the abundant complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) elevated in the intermittently aerated environment played a potential role in avoiding N2O generation during wastewater treatment. This work provides an in-depth insight into the utilization of proper management of intermittent aeration to control N2O emission from wastewater treatment plants.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in China: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qiu ◽  
Han-chang Shi ◽  
Miao He
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Operational Optimization ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Surface water environment in China was degraded rapidly in the last two decades, resulting in increasingly tighten criteria issued for municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper reviewed the recent advances of process design and operational optimization for nutrients removal. Three major processes, as anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) process, oxidation ditch (OD), and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) occupied 65% of WWTPs amounts and 54% of treatment volumes of China in 2006. However conservative process designs and operational faults often impaired the process performances and energy efficiency. Therefore, typical processes were modified, combined, and innovated to meet the requirements of the diverse influent characteristics and lower energy consumptions. Furthermore, operational optimization techniques by modeling, simulation, and real-time control were also developed and applied in China to improve the process operation. Although great efforts had been contributed to improve the WWTPs performances in China, attentions should be continuously paid to the introduction, instruction, and implementation of advanced techniques. At last, the technical demands and appropriated techniques of WWTPs in China were briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Methods of reconstruction and modification of the sequencing batch reactor at municipal wastewater treatment plants in Vietnam

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 589-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Ha Quan ◽  
Elena S. Gogina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Operation Cycle

Introduction. Vietnamese urban municipal wastewater treatment plants are mainly of aeration-type facilities. Nowadays, an aeration-type plant, the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), is widely applied and possesses a number of advantages over traditional systems with suspended activated sludge. Advantages of the SBR are mainly concluded in simplicity of operation, occupied area and cost. There is a number of problems at the wastewater treatment plants; they are connected with supplying only a half of wastewater design amount for the treatment as well as with quality of the purified water that must satisfy requirements of the Vietnamese discharge standard, the Standard A. Therefore, reconstruction and modification of the SBR is the major challenger to ensure the sustained development of large Vietnamese cities and maintenance of ecological balance. Materials and methods. To enhance the efficiency of wastewater purification in the SBR, the experiments were set on reactor reconstruction and modification by two directions: (1) Technological method, i.e. applying the Biochip 25 biocarrier, and (2) Operation method, i.e. adding the anoxic phase in reactor operation cycle. Laboratory tests were conducted for each of the directions, including comparison of a typical reactor with the modified one. Results. The study resulted in obtaining an optimal amount of the BioChip biocarrier material (10 to 20 %) that increased efficiency of wastewater purification by 10 to 20 %. In addition to this, when creating an anoxic phase of the operation cycle, efficiency of nitrogen removal increased by 20 %. When the denitrification occurs under the anoxic conditions, it contributes to stabilization of ammonium nitrogen removal for daily nitrogen loading in reactor of 0.3 to 0.8 TKN kg/sludge kg. Conclusions. The suggested technology provides the quality of treated water corresponding with the Vietnamese Standard A requirements. At the present, it is planned to proceed with the experiment on the base of Vietnamese semi-industrial plant for research and appraisal of the SBR reconstruction and modification method. Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to AKVA Control company in Samara for granted biocarrier Mutag BioChip 25 and to Associate Professor Tran Van Quang and his students, Nguyen Ngoc Phuong and Truong Quoc Dai, of Environment Protect Research Center, Danang University for support of the experiment.

scholarly journals Study of COD Removal Rate on a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Treating Tapioca Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Happy Mulyani ◽  
Gregorius Prima Indra Budianto ◽  
Margono Margono ◽  
Mujtahid Kaavessina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
Cod Removal Rate

Industrial wastewater treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) can improve effluent quality at lower cost than that obtained by other biological treatment methods. Further optimization is still required to enhance effluent quality until it meets standard quality and to reduce the operating cost of treatment of high strength organic wastewater. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of pretreatment (pH adjustment and prechlorination) and aeration time on effluent quality and COD removal rate in tapioca wastewater treatment using SBR. Pretreatment was done by (1) adjustment of tapioca wastewater pH to control (4.92), 7, and 8, and (2) tapioca wastewater prechlorination at pH 8 during hour using calcium hypochlorite in variation dosages 0, 2, 4, 6 mg/L Cl2, SBR operation was conducted according to following steps: (1) Filling of pre-treated wastewater into a bioreactor during 1 hour, and (2) aeration of the mixture of tapioca wastewater and activated sludge during 8 hours. Effluent sample was collected at every 2-hours aeration for COD analysis. COD removal rate mathematical formula was got by first deriving the best fit function between aeration time and COD. Optimum aeration time resulting in no COD removal rate. The value of COD effluent and its removal rate in optimum aeration time was used to determine the recommended of operation condition of pretreatment. Research result shows that chosen pH operation condition is pH 8. Prechorination can make effluent quality which meets standard quality and highest COD removal rate. The chosen Cl2 dosage is 6 mg/L.

A comparison of continuous flow and sequencing batch reactor plants concerning integrated operation of sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Simon ◽  
J. Wiese ◽  
H. Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Integrated Operation

Integrated operation strategies for combined sewer and WWTP are becoming more and more popular because of numerous benefits. One can find many examples in literature, but many of these studies deal with partly fictitious systems and/or were accomplished within the planning. Hence most of these studies do not have to deal with the restrictions given by already built constructions. The authors, who worked on several integrated projects, will discuss the requirements of SBR and CFR plants concerning an implementation of integrated operation.

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