Polystyrene microplastics do not affect juvenile brow trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) or modulate effect of the pesticide methiocarb

Abstract Background There has been a rising interest within the scientific community and the public about the environmental risk related to the abundance of microplastics in aquatic environments. Up to now, however, scientific knowledge in this context has been scarce and insufficient for a reliable risk assessment. To remedy this scarcity of data, we investigated possible adverse effects of polystyrene particles (10^4 particles/L) and the pesticide methiocarb (1 mg/L) in juvenile brow trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) both by themselves as well as in combination after a 96 h laboratory exposure. PS beads (density 1.05 g/mL) were cryogenically milled and fractionated resulting in irregular shaped particles (<50 µm). Besides body weight of the animals, biomarkers for proteotoxicity (stress protein family Hsp70), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation), and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterases) were analysed. As an indicator of overall health, histopathological effects were studied in liver and gills of exposed fish. Results Polystyrene particles by themselves did not influence any of the investigated biomarkers. In contrast, the exposure to methiocarb led to a significant reduction of the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the two carboxylesterases. Moreover, the tissue integrity of liver and gills was impaired by the pesticide. Body weight, the oxidative stress and the stress protein levels were not influenced by methiocarb. Effects caused by co-exposure of polystyrene microplastics and methiocarb were the same as those caused by methiocarb alone. Conclusions Overall, methiocarb led to negative effects in juvenile brown trout. In contrast, polystyrene microplastics in the tested concentration did not affect the health of juvenile brown trout and did not modulate the toxicity of methiocarb in this fish species.

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Do polystyrene microplastics affect juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) and modulate effects of the pesticide methiocarb?

10.21203/rs.2.19551/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Schmieg ◽

Sven Huppertsberg ◽

Thomas P. Knepper ◽

Stefanie Krais ◽

Katharina Reitter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Stress Protein ◽

The Public ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Tissue Integrity ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Juvenile Brown Trout

Abstract Background During the last decade, there has been rising interest of the scientific community and the public in the environmental risk related to the abundance of microplastics in aquatic environments. Besides potential effects of the particles themselves, also their interaction with organic micropollutants is of particular concern. Up to now, however, scientific knowledge in this context is scarce and insufficient for a reliable risk assessment. This is especially true for data on microplastics in freshwater ecosystems.Results Against the background of this shortage, we investigated possible adverse effects of polystyrene particles (10 4 particles/L) and the pesticide methiocarb (1 mg/L) both alone as well as in combination in juvenile brown trout ( Salmo trutta f. fario ) after a 96 h laboratory exposure. PS beads (density 1.05 g/mL) were cryogenically milled and fractionated resulting in irregular shaped particles (<50 µm). Besides body weight of the animals, biomarkers for proteotoxicity (stress protein family Hsp70), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterases) were analysed. As an indicator of overall health histopathological effects were studied in liver and gills of exposed fish. Polystyrene particles alone did not influence any of the investigated biomarkers. In contrast, the exposure to methiocarb led to a significant reduction of the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the two carboxylesterases. Moreover, the tissue integrity of liver and gills was impaired by the pesticide. Body weight, the oxidative stress and the stress protein levels were not influenced by methiocarb. Effects caused by the mixture of polystyrene microplastics and methiocarb were the same as those caused by methiocarb alone.Conclusions Overall, methiocarb led to strong effects in juvenile brown trout. In contrast, polystyrene microplastics in the tested concentration did not negatively affect the health of juvenile brown trout and did not modulate the toxicity of methiocarb in this fish species.

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Biochemical and Cellular Biomarkers in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in Response to the Antidepressants Citalopram and Venlafaxine

10.21203/rs.3.rs-92741/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ziegler ◽

Helene Eckstein ◽

Shannon Ottmann ◽

Lukas Reinelt ◽

Sabine Stepinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Reuptake Inhibitor ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Life Stage ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Control Fish ◽

Histopathological Alterations

Abstract Background: During the last decades, a worldwide increase in the number of cases of depression accompanied by rising prescription rates of antidepressants was recorded. In Germany, the two most prescribed antidepressants are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram and the serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine, taking about 30 % of the market share. Both antidepressants are found frequently in surface waters and have the potential of adversely affecting aquatic organisms. Most studies dealing with antidepressants address apical endpoints and behaviour, however, only few studies investigate biochemical biomarkers and histopathological alterations. We conducted citalopram and venlafaxine exposure experiments with brown trout eggs in the eyed ova stage for five months, as well as with juvenile brown trout for four weeks. Exposure concentrations ranged from environmentally relevant 1 µg/L up to 1 mg/L. In this study, we investigated the effects of the antidepressants on b-esterase activity (neurotoxicity), stress protein level (proteotoxicity) and superoxide dismutase activity (oxidative stress). Additionally, we assessed the health status of the liver by means of histopathological analyses.Results: We were able to show that both antidepressants did neither induce proteotoxic nor neurotoxic effects in brown trout. But for the antidepressant venlafaxine, the biochemical biomarker for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase activity) was significantly increased in larvae exposed to at least 10 µg/L venlafaxine at 7°C. With regard to liver histopathology, fish exposed to higher citalopram concentrations were in a worse health condition than control fish irrespective of their life stage. Also the energy storage of fish exposed to 1 mg/L citalopram was reduced. Conclusion: Thus, we here report citalopram-dependent histopathological alterations in brown trout liver, and the induction of oxidative stress by venlafaxine.

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Biochemical and cellular biomarkers in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in response to the antidepressants citalopram and venlafaxine

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-020-00437-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ziegler ◽

Helene Eckstein ◽

Shannon Ottmann ◽

Lukas Reinelt ◽

Sabine Stepinski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Reuptake Inhibitor ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Life Stage ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽

Control Fish ◽

Histopathological Alterations

Abstract Background During the last decades, a worldwide increase in the number of cases of depression accompanied by rising prescription rates of antidepressants was recorded. In Germany, the two most prescribed antidepressants are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram and the serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine, taking about 30% of the market share. Both antidepressants are found frequently in surface waters and have the potential of adversely affecting aquatic organisms. Most studies dealing with antidepressants address apical endpoints and behaviour; however, only few studies investigate biochemical biomarkers and histopathological alterations. We conducted citalopram and venlafaxine exposure experiments over 5 months, starting with brown trout eggs in the eyed-ova stage, as well as with juvenile brown trout for 4 weeks. Exposure concentrations ranged from environmentally relevant 1 µg/L up to 1 mg/L. In this study, we investigated the effects of the antidepressants on b-esterase activity (neurotoxicity), stress protein level (proteotoxicity) and superoxide dismutase activity (oxidative stress). Additionally, we assessed the health status of the liver by means of histopathological analyses. Results We were able to show that both antidepressants did neither induce proteotoxic nor neurotoxic effects in brown trout. But for venlafaxine, the biochemical biomarker for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase activity) was significantly increased in larvae exposed to at least 10-µg/L venlafaxine at 7 °C. With regard to liver histopathology, fish exposed to higher citalopram concentrations were in a worse health condition than control fish irrespective of their life stage. Also, the energy storage of fish exposed to 1 mg/L citalopram was reduced. Conclusion Thus, we here report citalopram-dependent histopathological alterations in brown trout liver, and the induction of oxidative stress by venlafaxine.

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Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10181-011-0065-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 443-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Kurhalyuk ◽

H. Tkachenko ◽

K. Pałczyńska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Tbars Level ◽

Reactive Substance ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome In the present work we evaluated the effect of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) syndrome on resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents and lipid peroxidation level in the blood from brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased in erythrocytes, as evidenced by high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Compared to control group, the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents was significantly lower in UDN-positive fish. Besides, UDN increased the percent of hemolysated erythrocytes subjected to the hydrochloric acid, urea and hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that UDN led to an oxidative stress in erythrocytes able to induce enhanced lipid peroxidation level, as suggested by TBARS level and decrease of erythrocytes resistance to haemolytic agents.

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Upper thermal tolerance indicated by CTmax fails to predict migration strategy and timing, growth, and predation vulnerability in juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology ◽

10.1086/714636 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Emilie Desforges ◽

Kim Birnie-Gauvin ◽

Kim Aarestrup ◽

Steven Cooke

Keyword(s):

Brown Trout ◽

Thermal Tolerance ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Migration Strategy ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Juvenile Brown Trout ◽

Upper Thermal Tolerance

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Negative effects of the invasive brown trout Salmo trutta on freshwater crustacean species: predation on the endangered Japanese endemic crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus by the trout

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI ◽

10.2331/suisan.72.447 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 447-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KAZUYOSHI NAKATA ◽

TOSHIYASU NAKAOKA ◽

SEIJI GOSHIMA

Keyword(s):

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Crustacean Species ◽

Freshwater Crustacean ◽

Crayfish Species

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Diel foraging and shelter use of large juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) under food satiation

Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

10.1051/kmae/2011083 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 05 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Conallin ◽

M. Jyde ◽

K. Filrup ◽

S. Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Large Juvenile ◽

Food Satiation ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Juvenile Brown Trout

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The Relation Between Growth and Food Consumption in the Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta)

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.16.4.446 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 446-473

Author(s):

F. T. K. PENTELOW

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Brown Trout ◽

Salmo Trutta ◽

Simple Relation ◽

The Body ◽

Average Weight ◽

Loss Of Weight ◽

Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽

Summer Growth ◽

Food Produce

1. The growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta), fed on Gammarus pulex, in their first and second years has been studied. 2. The growth in weight varies considerably from week to week but, generally speaking, it increases with increasing size of the fish. It is assumed that in these experiments the second point of inflection of the normal S-shaped growth curve was not reached because the fish were too young. 3. In all the fishes studied there was a period of slow growth during the winter and during the summer. Growth is at its maximum at temperatures between 50 and 60° F. 4. By careful adjustment of the rations it was possible to keep the body weight of the fish approximately constant from week to week. The amount of food required for this purpose varied from 51 to 270 mg./g. of body weight per week, but was mainly between 70 and 102 mg. and was apparently affected by the water temperature, being higher when the water was warmer. 5. Starved fish lost more weight at higher temperatures than at lower, but the loss of weight could not be related to the amount of food required to maintain the body weight constant at a given temperature. 6. The appetite of fully fed fish increases as the temperature rises to 60° F. but generally declines at temperatures higher than this. Between 40 and 50° F. the amount of growth made is roughly directly proportional to the amount of food eaten, but above 50° no such simple relation exists. 7. G. pulex is a very efficient food for trout; generally speaking about 5 g. of this food produce 1 g. increase in weight. If from this amount the quantity required to maintain the body weight constant is subtracted, it is found that 1 g. increase in weight is produced by about 3 g. of food available for growth. 8. The average weight of the Gammarus used as food in this experiment was 0.026 g., and it is estimated that for every gram increase of weight each fish consumed between 200 and 300 Gammarus.

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