scholarly journals Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to ‘huff and puff’? A cross-sectional compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melker Staffan Johansson ◽  
Karen Søgaard ◽  
Eva Prescott ◽  
Jacob Louis Marott ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Copenhagen City Heart Study

Abstract Background: It is unclear whether walking can decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed, and whether the association is modified by age. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. Using the software Acti4, we estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). SBP, WC, and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Inclusion criteria were ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and no use of antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations relative to the group-specific mean composition. Results: Among 1053 eligible participants, we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified analyses (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking was associated with lower SBP among older adults only. For less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA, the results i) indicated an association with lower SBP irrespective of age, ii) showed an association with a smaller WC among adults, and iii) showed an association with a lower LDL-C in both age groups. Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower CVD risk among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults. Therefore, to reduce CVD risk, the modifying effect of age should be considered in future physical activity-promoting initiatives.

scholarly journals Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to ‘huff and puff’? A cross-sectional compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melker Staffan Johansson ◽  
Karen Søgaard ◽  
Eva Prescott ◽  
Jacob Louis Marott ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Copenhagen City Heart Study

Abstract Background: It is unclear whether walking can decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed, and whether the association is modified by age. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. Using the software Acti4, we estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day). SBP, WC, and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Inclusion criteria were ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and no use of antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations relative to the group-specific mean composition. Results: Among 1053 eligible participants, we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified analyses (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) indicated that less sedentary behaviour and more walking was associated with lower SBP among older adults only. For less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA, the results i) indicated an association with lower SBP irrespective of age, ii) showed an association with a smaller WC among adults, and iii) showed an association with a lower LDL-C in both age groups. Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower CVD risk among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults. Therefore, to reduce CVD risk, the modifying effect of age should be considered in future physical activity-promoting initiatives.

scholarly journals Can we walk away from cardiovascular disease risk or do we have to ‘huff and puff’? A compositional accelerometer data analysis among adults and older adults in the Copenhagen City Heart Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melker Staffan Johansson ◽  
Karen Søgaard ◽  
Eva Prescott ◽  
Jacob Louis Marott ◽  
Peter Schnohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Physical Behaviour ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Copenhagen City Heart Study

Abstract Background: To decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unclear whether it is enough to walk more, or if high intensity physical activity (HIPA) is needed. It is also unclear if this differs between adults and older adults. We investigated how sedentary behaviour, walking, and HIPA, were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among adults and older adults in a general population sample using compositional data analysis. Specifically, the measure of association was quantified by reallocating time between sedentary behaviour and 1) walking, and 2) HIPA. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study was used. We estimated daily time spent in physical behaviours from accelerometer data worn 24 h/day for 7 days (i.e., right frontal thigh and iliac crest; median wear time: 6 days, 23.8 h/day) using the software Acti4. SBP, WC and LDL-C were measured during a physical examination. Eligible participants had to have ≥5 days with ≥16 h of accelerometer recordings per day, and not use antihypertensives, diuretics or cholesterol lowering medicine. The 24-hour physical behaviour composition consisted of sedentary behaviour, standing, moving, walking, HIPA (i.e., sum of climbing stairs, running, cycling and rowing), and time in bed. We used fitted values from linear regression models to predict the difference in outcome given the investigated time reallocations. Results: Among the 1053 eligible participants we found an interaction between the physical behaviour composition and age. Age-stratified (i.e., </≥65 years; 773 adults, 280 older adults) analyses showed that less sedentary behaviour and more walking compared to the group-specific mean composition was marginally associated with lower SBP among older adults, but not among adults. Less sedentary behaviour and more HIPA was among both adults and older adults marginally associated with a lower SBP, associated with a smaller WC among adults (marginally among older adults) and associated with a lower LDL-C in both age groups. Conclusions: Less sedentary behaviour and more walking seems to be associated with lower risk of CVD among older adults, while HIPA types are associated with lower risk among adults.

scholarly journals Association of daily composition of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with incidence of cardiovascular disease in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasa S. Yerramalla ◽  
Duncan E. McGregor ◽  
Vincent T. van Hees ◽  
Aurore Fayosse ◽  
Aline Dugravot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Movement Behaviour ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Current Duration

Abstract Background Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is proposed as key for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention. At older ages, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) and light intensity physical activity (LIPA) remains unclear. Evidence so far is based on studies examining movement behaviours as independent entities ignoring their co-dependency. This study examines the association between daily composition of objectively-assessed movement behaviours (MVPA, LIPA, SB) and incident CVD in older adults. Methods Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study participants free of CVD at baseline (N = 3319, 26.7% women, mean age = 68.9 years in 2012–2013) wore a wrist-accelerometer from which times in SB, LIPA, and MVPA during waking period were extracted over 7 days. Compositional Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident CVD for daily compositions of movement behaviours characterized by 10 (20 or 30) minutes greater duration in one movement behaviour accompanied by decrease in another behaviour, while keeping the third behaviour constant, compared to reference composition. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic risk factors and multimorbidity index. Results Of the 3319 participants, 299 had an incident CVD over a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.2 (1.3) years. Compared to daily movement behaviour composition with MVPA at recommended 21 min per day (150 min/week), composition with additional 10 min of MVPA and 10 min less SB was associated with smaller risk reduction – 8% (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) – than the 14% increase in risk associated with a composition of similarly reduced time in MVPA and more time in SB (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02–1.27). For a given MVPA duration, the CVD risk did not differ as a function of LIPA and SB durations. Conclusions Among older adults, an increase in MVPA duration at the expense of time in either SB or LIPA was found associated with lower incidence of CVD. This study lends support to public health guidelines encouraging increase in MVPA or at least maintain MVPA at current duration.

scholarly journals The Association of Self-Reported Muscle-Strengthening Activities With Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Older Adults: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-539
Author(s):  
Joowon Lee ◽  
Baojiang Chen ◽  
Harold W. Kohl ◽  
Carolyn E. Barlow ◽  
Chong Do Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Media Thickness

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the cross-sectional associations of participation in muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs) with carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) among older adults. The data are from 2,557 older adult participants enrolled in an observational cohort who reported no history of cardiovascular disease. MSA was determined using a questionnaire. Carotid ultrasound was performed to measure the CIMT of the common carotid artery bilaterally. Logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association of MSA with CIMT after adjustment for potential confounders. The participants were aged 68.6 ± 7.0 years, and the majority were male (71.7%) and White (96.5%); 18% had abnormal CIMT. Meeting the physical activity guidelines for MSA was inversely associated with abnormal CIMT after adjustment for age and sex. However, this observed inverse relation became statistically null after further adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors, including aerobic physical activity.

scholarly journals Are context-specific measures of parental-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour associated with accelerometer data in 2–9-year-old European children?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 860-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Verbestel ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Karin Bammann ◽  
Gianvincenzo Barba ◽  
Charalambos Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Outdoor Playtime

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate if context-specific measures of parental-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSeven European countries taking part in the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) study.SubjectsData were analysed from 2–9-year-old children (n 5982) who provided both parental-reported and accelerometer-derived physical activity/sedentary behaviour measures. Parents reported their children’s daily screen-time, weekly sports participation and daily outdoor playtime by means of the Outdoor Playtime Checklist (OPC) and Outdoor Playtime Recall Questions (OPRQ).ResultsSports participation, OPC- and OPRQ-derived outdoor play were positively associated with accelerometer-derived physical activity. Television viewing and computer use were positively associated with accelerometer-derived sedentary time. All parental-reported measures that were significantly associated with accelerometer outcomes explained only a minor part of the variance in accelerometer-derived physical activity or sedentary time.ConclusionsParental-reported measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviour are not useful as a proxy for 2–9-year-old children’s physical activity and sedentary time. Findings do not preclude the use of context-specific measures but imply that conclusions should be limited to the context-specific behaviours that are actually measured. Depending on the aim of the study, future research should carefully consider the choice of measurements, including the use of subjective or objective measures of the behaviour of interest or a combination of both.

scholarly journals Changes in exercise frequency and cardiovascular outcomes in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (15) ◽  
pp. 1490-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Seo Eun Hwang ◽  
Joung Sik Son ◽  
Jong-Koo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Physically Inactive

Abstract Aims Little is known about the association of changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level with cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially in older adults whose ability to engage in frequent MVPA naturally wanes as they age. We aimed to examine the association of changes in MVPA and CVD in older adults. Methods and results In a nationwide cohort study of older adults aged 60 years or older, we identified more than 1.1 million subjects without previous history of CVD at baseline who underwent two consecutive national health screening from 2009 to 2012. We prospectively assessed the risk of CVD occurred between 2013 and 2016 according to changes in frequency of MVPA by initial MVPA status. Compared to those who were continuously physically inactive, those who increased their frequency of MVPA from physically inactive to 1–2 times per week [0.7/1000 person-years (PY) decrease in incidence rate (IR); adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92–0.99], 3–4 times per week (1.5/1000 PY decrease in IR; aHR 0.89; 95% CI 0.84–0.94), ≥5 times per week (0.4/1000 PY decrease in IR; aHR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85–0.97) had a significantly reduced risk for total CVD (P for trend &lt;0.001). Older adults who became physically inactive from engaging in more than 1–2 times of MVPA per week had a higher CVD risk compared to those who maintained their frequency of MVPA. Conclusion Among older adults, engaging in higher frequency of MVPA or maintaining MVPA level was associated with reduced risk of CVD.

Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Adults: The Case of Race and Ethnicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Gerst Emerson ◽  
Jennifer Gay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Cvd Risk

The goals of this study were (1) to test the relative contribution of light intensity and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older adults, and (2) to examine the influence of ethnicity. We used pooled data from the 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 waves of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The sample consisted of 1,171 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican American adults aged 65 and older. Using ordinary least squares regression, we showed no statistically significant relationship between lower CVD risk with light intensity activity. However, greater minutes of MVPA was associated with lower CVD risk. Mexican Americans had statistically significantly higher risk for CVD compared to non-Hispanic Whites after controlling for physical activity. Mexican Americans remain an at-risk group for CVD. Regardless of race or ethnicity, physical activity recommendations among elders should be for at least moderate intensity activity for a more favorable CVD outcome.

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