scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities associated with cervical cancer screening programs in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebola Alade Adedimeji ◽  
Rogers Ajeh ◽  
Amanda Pierz ◽  
Relindis Nkeng ◽  
Jackson Jr. Nde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of contextual determinants of access to expanding screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical cancer prevention in women at risk in a high HIV prevalence context. Methods We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. A two-stage systematic sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided data analyses to identify micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of cervical cancer screening. Results Micro-level factors including lack of awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer, lack of access to information on and excessive costs for cervical cancer screening, low risk perceptions, and poor health seeking behaviors were major barriers for women seeking cervical cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Macro-level barriers to cervical cancer screening included poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs. Conclusion In the context of the call for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, our findings highlight challenges and opportunities that should be considered when implementing interventions to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening in low-middle income settings.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities associated with cervical cancer screening programs in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebola Alade Adedimeji ◽  
Rogers Ajeh ◽  
Amanda Pierz ◽  
Relindis Nkeng ◽  
Jackson Jr. Nde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Cervical-cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical-cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of contextual determinants of access to expanding screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical-cancer prevention in women at risk in a high HIV prevalence context. Methods We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. A two-stage systematic sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided data analyses to identify micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of cervical-cancer screening. Results Micro-level factors including lack of awareness and knowledge about cervical-cancer, lack of access to information on and excessive costs for cervical-cancer screening, low risk perceptions, and poor health seeking behaviors were major barriers for women seeking cervical-cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Macro-level barriers to cervical-cancer screening included poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs. Conclusion In the context of the call for elimination of cervical-cancer as a public health problem, our findings highlight challenges and opportunities that can inform the design of effective interventions to increase uptake of cervical-cancer screening.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebola Alade Adedimeji ◽  
Rogers Ajeh ◽  
Amanda Pierz ◽  
Relindis Nkeng ◽  
Jackson Jr. Nde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract BackgroundCervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of contextual determinants of access to expanding screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical cancer prevention in women at risk in a high HIV prevalence context. MethodsWe utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. A two-stage sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided the analysis of data to identify micro, meso and macro level determinants of cervical cancer screening. ResultsMicro-level factors-low level of awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer, lack of access to information about screening, low risk perceptions, poor health seeking behaviors and excessive cost of cervical cancer screening were major barriers for women seeking cervical cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs were among macro-level barriers limiting access to cervical cancer screening. ConclusionThe success of efforts to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Cameroon rests on eliminating the myriad individual, familial, community and structural factors that limit access to screening among women in the study communities.

scholarly journals Challenges and opportunities associated with cervical cancer screening programs in a low income, high HIV prevalence context

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebola Adedimeji ◽  
Rogers Ajeh ◽  
Amanda Pierz ◽  
Relindis Nkeng ◽  
Jackson Ndenkeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Cameroon women. The burden of cervical cancer is in part traceable to the inadequate understanding of socio-contextual determinants of access to screening and prevention opportunities. We explored multilevel individual, community and structural factors that facilitate or inhibit cervical cancer prevention in women at risk in a low-income, high HIV prevalence context. Methods We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews from May to August, 2018. A two-stage purposive sampling strategy was used to select 80 women and 20 men who participated in 8 focus group discussions and 8 in-depth interviews. The socio-ecological model guided data analyses to identify micro-, meso-, and macro-level determinants of cervical cancer screening. Results Micro-level factors including lack of awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer, lack of access to information, excessive cost of cervical cancer screening, low risk perceptions, and poor health seeking behaviors were major barriers for women seeking cervical cancer screening. Meso-level factors, such as social networks, socio-cultural norms, perceptions of the role of men and HIV-related stigma when screening is integrated into HIV care, also engender negative attitudes and behaviors. Macro-level barriers to cervical cancer screening included poorly equipped health facilities and a lack of national cancer prevention policies and programs. Conclusion In the context of the call for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, our findings highlight challenges and opportunities that should be considered when implementing interventions to increase uptake of cervical cancer screening in low-middle income settings.

scholarly journals Acceptability of Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Living With HIV and HIV-Negative Women in Limbé, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Pierz ◽  
Rogers Ajeh ◽  
Norbert Fuhngwa ◽  
Judith Nasah ◽  
Anastase Dzudie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Depth Interviews

Introduction: Like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cameroon has a high burden of cervical cancer and low availability and uptake of screening. Self-collection has the potential to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening among Cameroon women. This paper explores patient and community insights surrounding self-collection among women living with HIV and HIV[-] women as well as the barriers and facilitators to obtaining and utilizing self-collected specimens in cervical cancer screening programs.Materials and methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative approach to obtain data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews during data collection that took place from May to August 2018. A two-stage sampling strategy was used to select 80 women who participated in six focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews. We utilized the socio-ecological framework to guide data analysis.Results: All participants indicated that self-sampling was an acceptable method of specimen collection and should be offered as an option for cervical cancer screening in Cameroon. Whereas, most women, regardless of HIV status, preferred the option for self-collection, barriers were identified, such as lack of education about self-collection procedure, being uncomfortable, embarrassed or in pain from the procedure, fear of consequences, perceived competence about ability to self-collect and privacy and confidentiality. We also found that HIV-related stigma was a major concern for HIV[-] women that could prevent them from accessing cervical cancer screening integrated within HIV treatment settings.Conclusions: To promote self-collection for cervical cancer screening, educational interventions with both patients and providers are necessary to increase knowledge of and overall willingness to utilize self-collection. Further research is recommended to examine the role of stigma for HIV[-] women in screening locations associated with HIV treatment.

scholarly journals 2318

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Bertha E. Flores ◽  
Martha Martinez ◽  
Lyda Arevalo-Flechas ◽  
Darpan Patel ◽  
Merlin Tobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Clash Of Cultures

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Focus groups are being conducted to describe and identify barriers and/or facilitators to Hispanic males’ health literacy, culture, and language related to cervical cancer prevention practices METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A purposive convenience sample was recruited to participate in focus group sessions with English or Spanish speaking Hispanic males 21 years of age and older. Groups were segmented by age (21–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–65), and language (English or Spanish). Focus group discussions (n=8) were led by a bilingual/bicultural female researcher using a discussion guide that followed Zarcadoolas et al. (2005) health literacy model 6 as related to their partners’ cervical cancer screening and prevention practices. All sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants completed standardized questioners regarding demographic data and their health literacy. Qualitative content analysis was used for analyzing focus group interviews. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary qualitative analysis shows the struggle Hispanic males’ face accepting cervical cancer screening for their female partners. One participant reported that it was “a clash of cultures.” A “clash of cultures” was described as a constant struggle and acceptance between science, personal knowledge, and Hispanic cultural taboos. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Hispanic male’s health literacy, communication, language preferences, and cervical cancer risks, will further enhance the knowledge needed to design intervention measures for cancer prevention among Hispanics. Understanding the factors that contribute to the unequal burden of cervical cancer incidence and mortality among Hispanic women in South Texas is critical to prevent cervical cancer among this population.

The Influence of Health Literacy on Knowledge of Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening Practices among Female Undergraduates at a University in Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Joseph Ayamolowo ◽  
Lydia Feyisayo Akinrinde ◽  
Monisola Omoyeni Oginni ◽  
Love Bukola Ayamolowo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Screening Practices ◽  
Cancer Prevention And Screening ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

The global incidence of cancer is rising, and low-income and lower-middle-income countries have the worst figures. However, knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and cervical cancer screening practices remains poor in these regions. This study assessed the concept of health literacy as a potential determinant of knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and screening practices among female undergraduates. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 female undergraduates at a university in southwest Nigeria. A validated questionnaire composed of subscales on nine components of health literacy, knowledge of cervical cancer prevention, and cervical cancer screening practices was used for data collection. The majority of the respondents obtained a high score on most of the components of health literacy and 66% had good knowledge of cervical cancer prevention. Only 11% demonstrated good practices of Pap smear testing. Of all the components of health literacy, “feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers” (OR = 0.075; 95% CI [0.036–0.115]; p = 0.015) and “understanding health information well enough to know what to do” (OR = 0.055; 95% CI [0.006–0.104]; p = 0.029) were significantly associated with knowledge of cervical cancer prevention. Out of the major challenges related to cervical cancer screening among undergraduates, the feeling of being at risk (OR = 4.71; p < 0.05) and uncomfortable experiences from past screening (OR = 0.12; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with going for cervical cancer screening. The study concluded that levels of health literacy influenced knowledge of cervical cancer prevention among female undergraduates, but it did not affect their engagement in cervical cancer screening practices.

scholarly journals Nairobi Early Childcare in Slums (NECS) Study Protocol: a mixed-methods exploration of paid early childcare in Mukuru slum, Nairobi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000822
Author(s):  
Robert C Hughes ◽  
Patricia Kitsao-Wekulo ◽  
Sunil Bhopal ◽  
Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage ◽  
Zelee Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Early Childcare ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Childcare Providers

IntroductionThe early years are critical. Early nurturing care can lay the foundation for human capital accumulation with lifelong benefits. Conversely, early adversity undermines brain development, learning and future earning.Slums are among the most challenging places to spend those early years and are difficult places to care for a child. Shifting family and work structures mean that paid, largely informal, childcare seems to be becoming the ‘new normal’ for many preschool children growing up in rapidly urbanising Africa. However, little is known about the quality of this childcare.AimsTo build a rigorous understanding what childcare strategies are used and why in a typical Nairobi slum, with a particular focus on provision and quality of paid childcare. Through this, to inform evaluation of quality and design and implementation of interventions with the potential to reach some of the most vulnerable children at the most critical time in the life course.Methods and analysisMixed methods will be employed. Qualitative research (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) with parents/carers will explore need for and decision-making about childcare. A household survey (of 480 households) will estimate the use of different childcare strategies by parents/carers and associated parent/carer characteristics. Subsequently, childcare providers will be mapped and surveyed to document and assess quality of current paid childcare. Semistructured observations will augment self-reported quality with observable characteristics/practices. Finally, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with childcare providers will explore their behaviours and motivations. Qualitative data will be analysed through thematic analysis and triangulation across methods. Quantitative and spatial data will be analysed through epidemiological methods (random effects regression modelling and spatial statistics).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted in the UK and Kenya. Findings will be disseminated through journal publications, community and government stakeholder workshops, policy briefs and social media content.

Kinship construction variability among Nigerian international migrants: The context of contemporary Diaspora

Human Affairs ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayinka Akanle ◽  
Olanrewau Olutayo
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
First Century ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Methodological Triangulation ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractUnderstanding the selves, situations and actions of Africans can never be comprehended outside kinship. Local and foreign worldviews are first pigeonholed into culture and defined within kinship realities in Nigeria and Africa. There have been studies on kinship in Africa. However, the findings from such studies portrayed the immutability of African kinship. Thus, as an important contribution to the on-going engagement of kinship in the twenty-first century as an interface between the contemporary Diaspora, this article engaged kinship within international migration. This is a major behavioural and socio-economic force in Nigeria. Methodological triangulation was adopted as part of the research design and primary data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), and life histories of international migrants were documented and focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with kin of returnees. The article found and concluded that while returnees continued to appreciate local kinship infrastructures, the infrastructures were liable to reconstruction primarily determined by dominant support situations in the traditional African kinship networks.

Islamic Discourses of Environmental Change on the Swahili Coast of Southern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Justin Raycraft
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Swahili Coast ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper addresses how Makonde Muslim villagers living on the Swahili coast of southern Tanzania conceptualize and discuss environmental change. Through narratives elicited during in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, I show that respondents associate various forms of environmental change—ecological, climatic, political, and socioeconomic—with God’s plan. Respondents had a sound grasp of the material workings of their lived realities and evoked religious causality to fill in the residual explanatory gaps and find meaning in events that were otherwise difficult to explain. Such narratives reveal both a culturally engrained belief system that colors people’s understandings of change and uncertainty and a discursive idiom for making sense of social suffering. On an applied note, I submit that social science approaches to studying environmental change must take into account political and economic contexts relative to local cosmologies, worldviews, and religious faiths, which may not disaggregate the environment into distinct representational categories.

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