cervical cancer prevention
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2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Elsa Fitri Ana ◽  
Mienna Yuniarti ◽  
Isnul Jumrotul Jannah ◽  
Miratul Hasanah ◽  
Sulastri Sulastri ◽  
...  

ABSTRAKKanker serviks adalah penyebab kematian tertinggi keempat pada wanita di dunia. Tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian wanita akibat kanker serviks di Indonesia, juga menunjukkan rendahnya angka cakupan pemeriksaan papsmear dan imunisasi HPV di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan metode promosi kesehatan untuk mendorong wanita untuk aktif dalam melakukan pencegahan kanker serviks. Kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu bentuk pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan dengan cara penyuluhan melalui metode ceramah dan diskusi dengan aplikasi zoom dan whatsapp. Peserta yang mendaftar dalam kegiatan ini sejunlah 41 orang dengan rentang usia 20-35 tahun. Peserta berasal dari berbagai daerah antara lain, Jakarta, Lampung, Surabaya, Malang, Palu dan Banjarmasin. Materi yang telah disampaikan menyatakan bahwa pencegahan kanker serviks dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin. Dibandingkan dengan metode penyuluhan yang dilakukan secara langsung, pemanfaatan media sosial terbukti efektif dalam mencapai jangkauan keluasan sasaran. Kata kunci: kanker serviks, pencegahan, deteksi dini, HPV  ABSTRACTCervical cancer is the fourth main cause of death in women in the world and the main cause of death for women in developing countries. The high morbidity and mortality rates for women due to cervical cancer in Indonesia also shows the low coverage rates for Pap smear test and HPV immunization in Indonesia. Therefore a health promotion is needed to encourage women to be active in preventing cervical cancer. This event is a form of counseling through lectures and discussions with zoom and WhatsApp applications. The number of participants who participated in this activity was 41 people in age 20-35 years from various provinces including Jakarta, Lampung, Surabaya, Malang, and Banjarmasin. The subject that has been presented states that cervical cancer prevention can be done as early as possible. Compared to conventional health promotion methods, the use of social media has proven to be effective in reaching a broad target. Keywords: cervical cancer, prevention, early detection, HPV


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Phoolcharoen ◽  
Melissa Lopez Varon ◽  
Ellen Baker ◽  
Sonia Parra ◽  
Jennifer Carns ◽  
...  

In 2018, there were approximately 570,000 new cases of cervical cancer worldwide. More than 85% of cases occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), primarily because of poor access to screening and a limited number of medical providers trained to diagnose and treat cervical precancerous lesions. Our objective was to provide locally arranged, hands-on training courses for medical providers in LMICs to learn to perform cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment procedures. The courses included didactic lectures and hands-on training stations using low-cost simulation models developed by bioengineers and students at Rice University in Houston, TX, United States, and the Malawi Polytechnic in Blantyre, Malawi. The hands-on training stations included visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, cervical biopsy, endocervical curettage, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), and thermal ablation. Provider pre- and postcourse confidence levels in performing the procedures were evaluated. From February 2017 to January 2020, we arranged 15 hands-on training courses in seven cities across six countries (El Salvador, Mozambique, Trinidad and Tobago, Lesotho, Malawi, and Nepal). Overall, there were 506 participants. The average number of participants per course was 38 (range 19-92). The participants included doctors, nurses, and midwives. The course duration varied from 1 to 3 days. Increased confidence in performing VIA, colposcopy and cervical biopsy, ablation, and LEEP was reported by 69%, 71%, 61%, and 76% of participants, respectively. Our findings suggest that locally arranged, hands-on cervical cancer prevention training courses in LMICs can improve provider confidence in performing cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment procedures. These courses are part of a larger strategy to build local capacity for delivering and improving cervical cancer prevention services in LMICs.


2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 238146832110710
Author(s):  
Allison Portnoy ◽  
Mari Nygård ◽  
Lill Trogstad ◽  
Jane J. Kim ◽  
Emily A. Burger

Introduction. Delayed implementation of evidence-driven interventions has consequences that can be formally evaluated. In Norway, programs to prevent cervical cancer (CC)—screening and treatment of precancerous lesions and prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection—have been implemented, but each encountered delays in policy implementation. To examine the effect of these delays, we project the outcomes that would have been achieved with timely implementation of two policy changes compared with the de facto delays in implementation (in Norway). Methods. We used a multimodeling approach that combined HPV transmission and cervical carcinogenesis to estimate the health outcomes and timeline for CC elimination associated with the implementation of two CC prevention policy decisions: a multicohort vaccination program of women up to age 26 years with bivalent vaccine in 2009 compared with actual “delayed” implementation in 2016, and a switch from cytology to primary HPV-based testing in 2015 compared with “delayed” rollout in 2020. Results. Timely implementation of two policy changes compared with current Norwegian prevention policy timeline could have averted approximately 970 additional cases (range of top 10 sets: 830–1060) and accelerated the CC elimination timeline by around 4 years (from 2039 to 2035). Conclusions. If delaying implementation of effective and cost-effective interventions is being considered, the decision-making process should include quantitative analyses on the effects of delays.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Hermansson ◽  
Matts Olovsson ◽  
Inger Gustavsson ◽  
Ulf Gyllensten ◽  
Olga Lindkvist ◽  
...  

Abstract PURPOSE: Cervical cancer prevention for older women can be challenging since there are no specific guidelines for this group. This study aimed to determine the incidence of oncogenic HPV and HPV-related dysplasia in elderly women 5 years after being HPV negative. METHODS: Invited women participated five years earlier in a study where self-sampling for HPV testing was applied, at this time, they were all HPV negative. The women were now invited to perform self-sampling for HPV testing. Women with a positive result performed a repeat HPV test. Those with a positive repeat HPV test were examined by colposcopy, biopsy and cytology. RESULTS: Of the 804 invited women, 634 (76.9%) agreed to participate in the study and a self-sampling kit was sent to them. Of these, 99.6% (632/634) sent a sample to the HPV laboratory. The participation rate in each age group was 93.3% at age 65, 74.0% at age 70, 80.7% at age 75 and 64.6 % at age 80. Overall 18 women (2.8%, 95% CI 3.2 to 6.0) were HPV positive in the first test and 8 (1.3%, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.6) in the second test. Sampling for the second test was done on average 5.4 months after the first test. Fifty per cent (4/8) of the women with a positive repeat test had dysplasia in histology. CONCLUSION: The incidence of HPV in previously HPV-negative elderly women was low. Among women who were HPV positive in a repeat test, there was a high prevalence of low grade dysplasia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pereira Teodoro ◽  
Danielle Scherer ◽  
Maria José de Camargo ◽  
Ana Carolina Carioca da Costa ◽  
Cecília Vianna de Andrade ◽  
...  

Abstract Background According to the Brazilian Guidelines on Cervical Cancer Screening, women with cytopathologic diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesion, abnormal colposcopic findings, fully visible squamocolumnar junction and age 25 years or older should be treated at the first visit (“see and treat—S&T”). The main limitation to this approach is the risk of overtreatment, identified by histology without preinvasive lesion. The objectives of this study were to identify the overtreatment rate in women undergoing S&T in cervical cancer prevention at a referral center with extensive experience with the method and to detect possible factors associated with this rate. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed records from a database with 616 women submitted to S&T from 1996 to 2017. Negative histology was defined as the following histopathologic results: human papillomavirus without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), inflammatory, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and CIN 1. Results Of the 616 women, there were 52 (8.44%, 95%CI 6.25–10.64%) with a histopathologic report without preinvasive cervical lesion. No statistical association was found between this outcome and age or a significant downward trend over time. Conclusion The overtreatment rate in this study can be considered low and consistent with the acceptable rates reported in the literature, reinforcing the prevailing Brazilian guideline, in which the benefits of immediate treatment outweigh the risk of losses following biopsy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petmore Zibako ◽  
Nomsa Tsikai ◽  
Sarah Manyame ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza

Abstract Background Cervical cancer (CC) morbidity and mortality is still high in developing countries like Zimbabwe. Treatment for CC is out of reach for many women, hence the need to maximise on prevention which mainly includes screening and administering human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Knowledge about CC prevention is a prerequisite for utilisation of all the available options for CC prevention, yet little is known about its levels and the corresponding attitudes and practices on cancer prevention methods within the society. Methods A cross sectional survey was done to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on CC prevention among mothers of girls aged between 9 and 14 years in Zimbabwe as well as factors explaining the KAP. Four hundred and six mothers participate. Descriptive and inferential statistics (binary logistic regression and Chi-Square test of association) were applied to determine participant characteristics with KAP using STATA version 16 software. Findings Overall KAP of cervical cancer prevention is in a poor state. The knowledge was poor with 24% being able to say CC is caused by HPV; the attitude is negative with 58% being of the opinion that CC is caused by witchcraft and it is a death sentence, while the bad practices of relying only on traditional means were being practiced. Factors associated with knowledge are: not having medical aid (odds: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.59, p = 0.005) and high levels of education (secondary level odds: 4.20; 95%CI: 2.25–7.84 p < 0.001 and tertiary odds: 7.75; 95%CI: 2.04–29.45, p-value: 0.003 compared to primary education). Attitude towards CC management was driven by levels of education (secondary level odds: 0.39, 95%CI: 0.20–0.78, p = 0.007 and tertiary odds: 0.12, 95%CI: 0.04–0.33, p < 0.001), the same factor increases odds of good practice (secondary odds: 3.78, 95%CI: 1.99–7.18, p < 0.001 and tertiary odds: 3.78, 95%CI: 1.99–7.18, p < 0.001). On the other hand, HPV vaccine knowledge was also very moderate (with majority of mothers not knowing the right age of vaccination; vaccine acceptability was high (90%), but uptake was very low (8% had their daughter vaccinated). Conclusion KAP about CC prevention was poor with factors necessary for improvement of KAP identified as education, medical insurance coverage. Making health education easily accessible in schools, primary health facilities and various media platforms will help to address the myths on causes of CC and how it can be treated. Health education and availability of free screening services and free vaccine will improve CC prevention out outcomes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
IMAN YOUSIF ABDULMALEK ◽  
◽  
HARJEEN RASUL MOHAMMED ◽  

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