Associations between infant and young child feeding practices and diarrhoea in Indian children: a regional analysis

Abstract Background: There are limited data on the association between infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and diarrhoea across regional India, to inform policy initiatives and advocacy. The present study examined the association between IYCF practices and diarrhoea in regional India. Method: The study used a weighted sample of 90,596 maternal responses from the 2015-16 National Family Health Survey in India. Prevalence estimates of diarrhoea by IYCF indicators were estimated for each administrative region, namely: North (n=11,200), South (n=16,469), East (n=23,317), West (n=11,512), Central (n=24,870) and North-East (n=3,228). Multivariate logistic regressions that adjust for clustering and sampling weights were used to investigate the association between IYCF and diarrhoea in regional India. The IYCF indicators include early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding, bottle feeding, continued breastfeeding at one year, continued breastfeeding at two years, children ever breastfed and the introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods. Results: The prevalence of diarrhoea was lower among infants and young children who were breastfed within 1-hour of birth and those who were exclusively breastfed. Children whose mothers continued breastfeeding at one and two years, and infants who were introduced to complementary foods had a higher prevalence of diarrhoea. Early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF were protective against diarrhoea in the North, East and Central regions of India. However, predominant breastfeeding, bottle-feeding and introduction of complementary foods were risk factors for diarrhoea in Central India. Continued breastfeeding at two years was a risk factor for diarrhoea in Western India. Conclusion: Our study suggests that early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF were protective against diarrhoea in Northern, Eastern and Central India, while predominant breastfeeding, bottle feeding, continued breastfeeding at two years and introduction of solid, semi–solid or soft foods were risk factors for diarrhoea in various India regions. Improvements in IYCF practices are likely to reduce the burden of diarrhoea-related morbidity and mortality across India regions.

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151Infant and young child feeding practices and ARI and diarrhoea in Ethiopia: A PSM approach

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kedir Yimam Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Young Child ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Infant And Young Child ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Understanding the associations between infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and ARI and diarrhoea can inform IYCF policy interventions and advocacy in Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IYCF practices and ARI and diarrhoea in Ethiopian children. Methods This study used the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data for the years 2000 (n = 3680), 2005 (n = 3528), 2011 (n = 4037), and 2016 (n = 3861). The association between IYCF practices and (i) ARI and (ii) diarrhoea were investigated using propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Early initiation of breastfeeding (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72, 0.92) and EBF (OR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.83) were associated with lower risk of ARI. Bottle-fed children had higher odds of ARI (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.68). Early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF were associated with a lower odds of diarrhoea (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.94 for Early initiation of breastfeeding and OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.65 for EBF). Infants who were predominantly breastfed were less likely to experience diarrhoea (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.89). Conclusions Early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF were associated with a lower risk of ARI and diarrhoea. Bottle feeding was associated with a higher risk of ARI. Key messages Interventions targeting improved early initiation of breastfeeding, EBF, and avoidance of bottle feeding should be prioritised and scaled-up.

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Regional Analysis of Associations between Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Diarrhoea in Indian Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4740 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mansi Dhami ◽

Felix Ogbo ◽

Thierno Diallo ◽

Kingsley Agho ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Child ◽

Central India ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Indian Children ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

North East ◽

Infant And Young Child

Studies on the association between infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and diarrhoea across regional India are limited. Hence, we examined the association between IYCF practices and diarrhoea in regional India. A weighted sample of 90,596 (North = 11,200, South = 16,469, East = 23,317, West = 11,512, Central = 24,870 and North-East = 3228) from the 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey in India was examined, using multivariate logistic regressions that adjust for clustering and sampling weights. The IYCF indicators included early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (ExcBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), bottle feeding (BotF), continued breastfeeding (BF) at one-year, continued BF at two years, children ever breastfed and the introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods (ISSSF). Diarrhoea prevalence was lower among infants who were BF within one-hour of birth and those who were exclusively breastfed. Multivariate analyses revealed that continued BF at one and two years, and infants who were introduced to complementary foods had a higher prevalence of diarrhoea. EIBF and ExcBF were protective against diarrhoea in the regions of North, East and Central India. PBF, BotF and ISSSF were risk factors for diarrhoea in Central India. Continued BF at two years was a risk factor for diarrhoea in Western India. Findings suggested that EIBF and ExcBF were protective against diarrhoea in Northern, Eastern and Central India, while PBF, BotF, continued BF at two years and ISSSF were risk factors for diarrhoea in various regions in India. Improvements in IYCF practices are likely to reduce the burden of diarrhoea-related morbidity and mortality across regions in India.

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Early initiation of breastfeeding and its association with peer counseling and membership in breastfeeding support groups in the Philippines

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47432/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ofelia P Saniel ◽

Veincent Christian F Pepito ◽

Arianna Maever L Amit

Keyword(s):

Support Groups ◽

The Philippines ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Peer Counseling ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Peer Counselor ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), defined as initiation of breastfeeding within one hour after giving birth, is one of the recommended optimal breastfeeding practices. We aimed to determine whether being visited by a peer counselor during pregnancy and if mother’s membership in a breastfeeding support group are associated with EIBF. We also aimed to examine the interaction between the two main exposure variables to assess their joint effects on EIBF.Methods: We used data from the endline survey of a program implemented in the Philippines, which contained socioeconomic data from the household of the mother-newborn dyads, demographic characteristics of the mothers, and their infant and young child feeding practices. We used logistic regression methods for survey data to study these associations.Results: Out of the 2,343 newborns, only 1,500 (63.1%) had EIBF. Upon controlling for confounders, those who were visited by a peer counselor during the prenatal period had 1.18 times greater odds of EIBF (95%CI: 0.88-1.57; p=0.26) compared to those who were not visited. On the other hand, members of breastfeeding support groups had 1.33 times higher odds of EIBF (95% CI: 0.99-1.79; p=0.06) compared to those who were not members of breastfeeding support groups. There is no interaction between the two exposure variables on their effect on EIBF. Conclusions: The lack of association between a visit by a peer counselor during pregnancy or mother’s membership in breastfeeding support groups and EIBF highlights the need for new strategies to enhance the role of peer counselors and breastfeeding support groups in promoting breastfeeding.

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Factors Associated with the Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112765 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2765 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Osita Ezeh ◽

Felix Ogbo ◽

Garry Stevens ◽

Wadad Tannous ◽

Osuagwu Uchechukwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Level ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

West African ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Economic Community ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

The early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) within one hour after birth enhanced mother–newborn bonding and protection against infectious diseases. This paper aimed to examine factors associated with EIBF in 13 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). A weighted sample of 76,934 children aged 0–23 months from the recent Demographic and Health Survey dataset in the ECOWAS for the period 2010 to 2018 was pooled. Survey logistic regression analyses, adjusting for country-specific cluster and population-level weights, were used to determine the factors associated with EIBF. The overall combined rate of EIBF in ECOWAS was 43%. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, EIBF was significantly lower in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, and Senegal. Mothers who perceived their babies to be average and large at birth were significantly more likely to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of birth than those mothers who perceived their babies to be small at birth. Mothers who had a caesarean delivery (AOR = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.22–0.36), who did not attend antenatal visits (ANC) during pregnancy, and delivered by non-health professionals were more likely to delay initiation of breastfeeding beyond one hour after birth. Male children and mothers from poorer households were more likely to delay introduction of breastfeeding. Infant and young child feeding nutrition programs aimed at improving EIBF in ECOWAS need to target mothers who underutilize healthcare services, especially mothers from lower socioeconomic groups.

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Effectiveness of peer counseling and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors in the Philippines

International Breastfeeding Journal ◽

10.1186/s13006-021-00400-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ofelia P. Saniel ◽

Veincent Christian F. Pepito ◽

Arianna Maever L. Amit

Keyword(s):

Support Groups ◽

The Philippines ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Peer Counseling ◽

Breastfeeding Support ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Peer Counselors ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Peer Counselor ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months remain low in the Philippines. To help meet the 90% early initiation of breastfeeding target and to improve infant and young child feeding practices in the Philippines, the Millennium Development Goals - Fund 2030 Joint Programme (JP) on Ensuring Food Security and Nutrition for Children 0–24 months old was implemented. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of visits by peer counselors during pregnancy and after delivery, and membership in breastfeeding support groups in promoting these optimal breastfeeding practices. Methods We used data from the Endline Survey of the JP to study the effects of prenatal and postnatal peer counselor visits, and membership in breastfeeding support groups, and their possible interactions with initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth among children aged 0 to 24 months and EBF at 6 months among children aged 6 to 24 months, while adjusting for confounding. We used logistic regression methods for survey data to assess these associations. Results Of the 2343 mother-infant pairs, only 1500 (63.1%) practiced early initiation of breastfeeding. Of the 1865 children aged 6 months or older, only 621 (34.7%) were exclusively breastfed at 6 months. After adjusting for confounding variables, there was no strong evidence that peer counselor visits were associated with early initiation or EBF at 6 months. However, members of breastfeeding support groups had 1.49 times higher odds of early initiation of breastfeeding (95% CI [Confidence Interval] 1.12, 1.98) and 1.65 times higher odds of EBF (95% CI 1.20, 2.24) compared to those who were not members of breastfeeding support groups. There was no interaction between the different exposure variables and early initiation and EBF at 6 months. Conclusions Our findings suggest breastfeeding support groups may be institutionalized to promote both early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF in the Philippines, while the role of peer counselors in promoting optimal breastfeeding behaviors should be further reviewed. Our suggestion to integrate non-healthcare professionals to promote early initiation of breastfeeding and EBF could be tested in future intervention studies.

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Understanding the Enablers and Barriers to Appropriate Infants and Young Child Feeding Practices in India: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 825

Author(s):

Mansi Dhami ◽

Felix Ogbo ◽

Blessing Akombi-Inyang ◽

Raphael Torome ◽

Kingsley Agho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Child ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Semi Solid ◽

One Year

Despite efforts to promote infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, there is no collective review of evidence on IYCF enablers and barriers in India. This review was conducted using 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six computerized bibliographic databases, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE, were searched for published studies on factors associated with IYCF practices in India from 1 January 1993, to 30 April 2020. IYCF practices examined were early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding at one year, introduction to solid semi-solid or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet, continued breastfeeding at two years, predominant breastfeeding, and bottle feeding. In total, 6968 articles were retrieved, and 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. The common enablers of IYCF were higher maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and more frequent antenatal care visits (ANC) (≥3). Common barriers to IYCF practices were low SES and less frequent ANC. The review showed that the factors associated with IYCF practices in India are largely modifiable and multi-factorial. Improving IYCF practices would require the adoption of both facilities- and community-based policy interventions at the subnational and national levels in India.

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Infant and young child feeding indicators across nine East and Southeast Asian countries: an analysis of National Survey Data 2000–2005

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010000844 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1296-1303 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Michael J Dibley ◽

Upul Senarath ◽

Kingsley E Agho

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Lao Pdr ◽

The Philippines ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Infant And Young Child ◽

Timor Leste

AbstractObjectiveTo compare infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 0–23 months across nine East and Southeast Asian countries.DesignSecondary analyses of cross-sectional data from available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS; Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Cambodia and Vietnam), Multiple Indicator Country Surveys (Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Myanmar) and national nutrition surveys (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) and Mongolia) conducted between 2000 and 2005.SettingSeven countries from Southeast Asia and two from East Asia.SubjectsChildren aged 0–23 months with samples ranging from 826 to 5610 for DHS, and from 477 to 5860 for non-DHS data.ResultsMore than 93 % of infants were ever breast-fed, and over 75 % were currently breast-fed except in the Philippines. Timely initiation of breast-feeding varied from 32 % in Indonesia to 46 % in Timor-Leste. Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rate in infants under 6 months of age ranged from 11 % in Myanmar to 60 % in Cambodia. EBF rates were also low in Vietnam (15·5 %) and Lao PDR (23 %), and varied between 30 % and 40 % in Indonesia, Philippines and Timor-Leste. The proportion of infants under 6 months of age who were given breast milk with non-milk liquids was high except in Indonesia and Timor-Leste. Bottle-feeding rates were lower in DPR Korea (3 %), Lao PDR (6 %) and Myanmar (6 %) and higher in the Philippines (49 %) and Mongolia (31 %). Timely complementary-feeding rate varied widely across countries (6–99 %).ConclusionsAll the countries studied should make greater efforts to improve timely initiation of breast-feeding and EBF for 6 months. Measures should be taken to reduce high bottle-feeding rate in the Philippines, Mongolia, Indonesia and Vietnam, and improve complementary-feeding rate in Lao PDR, Myanmar, DPR Korea and Philippines.

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Knowledge, attitude and practice on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) in Raksirang, Makwanpur, Nepal

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v8i4.23767 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 38-46

Author(s):

Kamal Prasad Kandel ◽

Sindhu Kafle

Keyword(s):

Feeding Practices ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Child Feeding Practices ◽

Infant And Young Child ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽

Breastfeeding Practice ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Nepal is one of the developing Countries in the South Asia. Early childhood is very important and the crucial period for the proper physical, mental and emotional development. Therefore child should be looked especially at this period. In Nepal, child below two years are suffering from malnutrition the most. The initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth has numerous nutritional and immunological benefits and has been found to reduce neonatal mortality. An improper feeding practice among young children particularly 6-23 months is a major cause of malnutrition. Thus, the present study has been focused on feeding practices of fewer than two years children. The study was quantitative study. Main objective of the study was to know the feeding practices of under two years children after implementation of Baal Vita(Sprinkles) program in Raksirang VDC of Makwanpur district. Questionnaire was related to the Baal Vita(Sprinkles) program, Breastfeeding practices and Complimentary feeding practices. Altogether 132 mothers were taken for the study. The structured questionnaire was developed, pretested and used to collect the information. After the collection of data, it was analyzed by using SPSS 17.0.Also the data was presented in different tables to make it more clear and specific. Among 132 of the respondent, majority of the respondent were aged between21-25 years. 37.88% mothers were illiterate and only 1.52% had secondary level education. Some of the respondents were pregnant before the age 20 years. One of the mother was give birth to her child at age of 15 years.68.18% respondent had first Breastfed their child with in 1 hour of birth. Colostrum feeding was seen not good. This study found Still practice of squeezing colostrum. Current breastfeeding practice is seen good. About 88.64% of the respondent had started giving complementary food in correct time.

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Trends and predictors of early initiation, exclusive, and continued breastfeeding in Bangladesh (2004-2018): a multilevel analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521004761 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Md. Sabbir Ahmed ◽

Kyly C Whitfield ◽

Fakir Md Yunus

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Early Initiation ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Region Division ◽

Infant And Young Child ◽

Rural Residency ◽

Health And Development

Abstract The early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) within one hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to 6 months, and continued breastfeeding (CBF) to 2 years are key infant and young child feeding guidelines promoted globally for optimal child health and development. Using publicly available national survey data from the five most recent, consecutive Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (2004, 2007, 2011, 2014, 2017-18), we assessed the trends in these key breastfeeding indicators. Multiple multilevel logistic regression models were built to assess sociodemographic predictors of breastfeeding using the latest 2017-18 dataset. Both EIBF and EBF have increased significantly between 2004 and 2017-18, from 26% to 60% and 36% to 68%, respectively and CBF decreased from 94% to 85%. Caesarean section delivery conferred lower EIBF practice (OR= 0.34, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.42) compared to vaginal delivery. Women who were currently working had 32% lower odds of EBF (OR= 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.95). Compared to delivery at home, women who delivered in a health facility had 81% higher odds of EBF (OR= 1.81, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.34). Larger family size (≥5) also predicted EBF (OR= 1.70, 95% CI: 1.21 to 2.40). Rural residency was associated with 2.39 (95% CI 1.32 to 4.31) times of higher odds of CBF. Administrative region (division) was also predictive of the various breastfeeding indicators. Although Bangladesh currently exceeds the 2019 global prevalence rates for these three breastfeeding indicators, efforts should be made to continue improving EIBF and EBF, and to prevent future decreases in CBF.

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Knowledge and Practices Regarding Infant and Young Child Feeding among Mothers’ Children 0-23 Months of Matli, District Badin, Sindh

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v10i1.255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 54-59

Author(s):

Mazhar Ul Haq ◽

Rukhsana Khan ◽

Arshia Bilal ◽

Lajpat . ◽

Saira Almas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Child ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Strong Association ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Young Child Feeding ◽

Child Feeding Practices ◽

Infant And Young Child

Background: Lack of proper practices account for the deaths of 1.4 million children of <5 years globally. Optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding practices are recognized as the most valuable approach for improving child survival and development. We aimed to assess the knowledge and practices and to determine the factors affecting Infant and Young Child Feeding practices among mothers of children 0-23 months of Taluka Hospital Matli, Badin District, Sindh Methods: A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the sample of 279 mothers visiting pediatric OPD of Taluka Hospital Matli, Badin District, Sindh-Pakistan from 1st October to 31st December 2016. The sample was collected by using non probability consecutive sampling technique and structured pretested questionnaire. Results: 94% of women had the knowledge of when to start breastfeeding after delivery. There is a strong association between maternal education and 0-23 month’s children receiving bottle feed and also a strong association between the information providers and bottle feeding practice. Conclusion: We have found a good dependence of birth weight of the newborn with the monthly income of the household. LHWs and nurses were main sources of information provider about breastfeeding.

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