scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Road Dust From Shenyang, a Heavy Industrial City in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwu Cui ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Rui Yu ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Nana Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Industrial City

Abstract 124 road dust samples were collected from an urban area of Shenyang, a typical heavily industrial city in Northeast China, to study the concentration, pollution level, source, spatial distribution, and health risk of heavy metals. The average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 1.802, 132.1, 60.33, 778.3, 54.80, 86.73, and 391.2 mg/kg, respectively. The levels of metal pollution ranged from minimal to extremely high, with average levels in the ranked order: Mn < Ni < Cr < Cu < Pb < Zn < Cd, indicating that the road dust was heavily polluted by Cd, Zn, and Pb. Source identification results demonstrated that Cr, Mn, and Ni had mixed sources including industrial emissions and weathering of soil, pavements, and building materials, while Cu, Pb, and Zn mainly originated from traffic and industrial activities, and Cd had a complex mixture of sources (with various anthropogenic sources). Hotspots of heavy metal pollution levels were closely correlated with local anthropogenic activities, such as industrial discharge, traffic-related exhaust emissions, and agricultural activities. Furthermore, health risk assessment revealed significant non-carcinogenic risks for children from multiple metals, and the carcinogenic risk assessment identified significant risks for children from Cd, with ingestion being the main exposure pathway for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children. However, no health risk was observed due to dermal and inhalation exposure pathways.

scholarly journals Distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in major rivers in Wuhan, China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11853
Author(s):  
Xingyong Zhang ◽  
Qixin Wu ◽  
Shilin Gao ◽  
Zhuhong Wang ◽  
Shouyang He
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Source Water Quality

Heavy metals are released into the water system through various natural processes and anthropogenic activities, thus indirectly or directly endangering human health. The distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Sb) in major rivers in Wuhan were analyzed by correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metal contents was pronounced. PCA and CA results indicated that natural sources controlled Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, and industrial emissions were the dominant factor for V, Zn and Sb, while As was mainly from the mixed input of urban and agricultural activities. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI, ranging from 23.74 to 184.0) analysis, it should be noted that As and Sb contribute most of the HPI values. The health risk assessment using HI and CR showed that V and Sb might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk and As might have a potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children in the study area (CR value exceeded target risk 10−4). At the same time, it was worth noting that As might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk for children around QLR (HI value exceeded the threshold value 1). The secular variation of As and Sb should be monitor in high-risk areas. The results of this study can provide important data for improving water resources management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Wuhan.

scholarly journals Concentrations, Source Characteristics, and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in a Plateau City (Kunming) in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11004
Author(s):  
Xinyu Han ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Zezheng Li ◽  
Xiaochen Pang ◽  
Yuzhai Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Vehicles Emissions

To explore the mass concentration levels and health risks of heavy metals in the air in dense traffic environments, PM2.5 samples were collected at three sites in the city of Kunming in April and October 2013, and January and May 2014. Ten heavy metals––V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb––were analyzed by ICP–MS, and the results showed PM2.5 concentrations significantly higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn, especially for Zn and Pb. The concentration of heavy metals on working days is significantly higher, indicating that vehicle emissions are significant contributors. An enrichment factor analysis showed that Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb come mainly from anthropogenic sources, while V and Co may be both anthropogenic and natural. The correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb mainly come from vehicles emissions and metallurgical industries; Cr and Mn, from vehicles emissions and road dust; and As, mainly from coal combustion. The health risk assessment shows that the non-carcinogenic risk thresholds of the heavy metals in PM2.5 to children and adult men and women are all less than 1. The carcinogenic risk of Cr for men and women in traffic-intensive areas exceeds 10−4, reaching 1.64 × 10−4 and 1.4 × 10−4, respectively.

Source Apportionment and Source-specific Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Urban Road Dust of Jinan City, East China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengwei Zhang ◽  
Ge Ma ◽  
Shuzhen Dong ◽  
Xiangzhou Meng ◽  
Lijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Jinan City ◽  
Specific Health

Abstract For a better regional and source-risk-based control of heavy metals in urban environments, this study provides a source-specific health risk assessment by combining the models of United States Environmental Protection Agency health risk assessment and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The calculated data were optimized by the geochemical speciation of target 10 potentially toxic heavy metals. The results demonstrated that the mean concentrations of most heavy metals in urban dust of Jinan City exceeded their corresponding background values, especially that of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) exhibiting a mean of 12.9 and 7.84 times those of their backgrounds. Cd, Zn, copper, lead and manganese in road dust existed mainly in extractable forms, exhibiting higher bio-availability. The PMF receptor model determined four sources of heavy metals in urban road dust, namely industrial discharges (41.1%), natural and coal combustion sources (27.8%), traffic emissions (22.8%), and building material and manufacturing sources (8.3%). All the studied heavy metals presented low or negligible non-carcinogenic risk (non-CR) for adults and children, while the lifetime carcinogenic risk (CR) of Cd was in an acceptable level. Regarding source-specific health risks, the highest non-CR was derived from industrial discharges, while CR from traffic emissions, which were mainly associated with the higher content and bio-availability of Pb and Cd in the dust. Moreover, the risk contributions of industrial discharges and traffic emissions were 35.9% and 60.6% for non-CR and CR, respectively, presenting a significant difference with the apportioned source characteristics, thus deep-revealing the potentially source-based risks of heavy metal in urban environment.

Application of two different health risk assessment approaches to detect soil potentially toxic element induced risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gevorg Tepanosyan ◽  
Lilit Sahakyan ◽  
Armen Saghatelyan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Copper Smelter ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
The City

&lt;p&gt;Soils of urbanized and mining areas succeeded the main geochemical features of parent materials, as well as accumulate potentially toxic elements (PTE) from different anthropogenic sources. The latter resulted in the change of soil chemical composition and high level of PTE which may have negative reflection on people&amp;#8217;s health. In this study 207 soil samples were collected from the entire territory of the city of Alaverdi hosting Alaverdi copper smelter. After the determination of Fe, Ba, Mn, Co, V, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As and Mo concentrations by XRF the established data set was subjected for the PTE induced health risk assessment. In this study two commonly used health risk assessment approaches - Summary pollution index (Zc) [1]&amp;#8211;[3] and Hazard Index (HI, US EPA) [4] were used to assess human health risk posed by the content of studied PTE in soil of Alaverdi city. The result showed that the detected concentrations are mainly the result of superposition of PTE contents introduced into the environment from natural mineralization processes and Alaverdi copper smelter related activities. The health risk assessment showed that the Zc values belonging to the extremely hazardous level has point-like shape and are surrounded by the hazardous and moderately hazardous levels, respectively. Summary pollution index showed that approximately 53 % of the city territory including the residential part is under the risk suggesting the increase in the overall incidence of diseases among frequently ill individuals, functional disorders of the vascular system and children with chronic diseases [1]. The US EPA method were in line with the results of the Zc and indicated that the observed contents of elements are posing non-carcinogenic risk to adult mainly near the copper smelter. In the case of children single-element non-carcinogenic risk values greater than 1 were detected for As, Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Mo in 122, 95, 86, 10, 10, 9 and 6 samples out of 207 soil samples and the mean HQ values decrease in the following order: As(2.41)&gt;Fe(1.14)&gt;Co(1.09)&gt; Mn(0.61)&gt;Pb(0.41)&gt;Cu(0.32)&gt;V(0.19)&gt;Mo(0.11)&gt;Cr(0.05)&gt;Ba(0.03)&gt;Zn(0.02). The multi-elemental non-carcinogenic risk observed in the entire territory of the city indicating an adverse health effect to children. The results of this study suggesting the need of immediate risk reduction measures with special attention to arsenic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; E. K. Burenkov and E. P. Yanin, &amp;#8220;Ecogeochemical investigations in IMGRE: past, present, future,&amp;#8221; Appl. Geochemistry, vol. 2, pp. 5&amp;#8211;24, 2001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; C. C. Johnson, A. Demetriades, J. Locutura, and R. T. Ottesen, Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas. 2011.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Y. E. Saet, B. A. Revich, and E. P. Yanin, Environmental geochemistry. Nedra, 1990.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4]&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; RAIS, &amp;#8220;Risk Exposure Models for Chemicals User&amp;#8217;s Guide,&amp;#8221; The Risk Assessment Information System, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://rais.ornl.gov/tools/rais_chemical_risk_guide.html. [Accessed: 01-Jan-2020].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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