scholarly journals Effects of Moderate-to-Vigorous Acute Exercise on Visual Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binn Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Meng ◽  
Yanglan Yu ◽  
Yaogang Han ◽  
Ying LIU
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract Background the effect of acute exercise on cognition covers almost all stages of information processing, but few studies have focused on visual awareness. Subjective reports on the appearance of faint speed-changes in the perception of stimuli were used as an index for visual consciousness. Visual consciousness was assessed after exercise or rest. Aside from subjective index, objective speed-change discrimination was added as an index for the level of consciousness. Results: the results showed that subjective reports on the appearance of faint speed-changes in the perception of stimuli were affected by acute aerobic exercise. The hit rate for speed-change detection was marginally significantly higher after exercise than sedentary condition. Furthermore, the d’ index was higher after exercise. Analysis of the results obtained for the objective discrimination task showed that discrimination speed was boosted only when subjects were aware of the speed-change. Conclusions: these results suggest that acute exercise enhances visual consciousness.

scholarly journals Gender based EEG before and after acute bout of aerobic exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Nirmala Limbu ◽  
Ramanjan Sinha ◽  
Meenakshi Sinha ◽  
Bishnu Hari Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eeg Changes ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Almost All

Objective: We aimed to investigate how EEG frequency bands change in females in response to acute exercise compared to males.Methods: Consenting healthy adult females (n=15) & males (n=15) bicycled an ergometer at 50% HRmax for 20 min. EEG was recorded using 10-20 system from mid-frontal (F4 & F3), central (C4 & C3), parietal (P4 & P3), temporal (T4 & T3) & occipital (O2 & O1) regions. Exercise-induced EEG changes were compared between two sexes by Mann Whitney test. EEG power (μV2) is presented as median & interquartile range.Results: In females, as compared to males, resting right side delta, alpha, and beta activities were more in almost all recorded sites [delta: F4= 49.82 (44.23-63.56) vs. 35.5 (32.70-44.44), p < 0.001; etc], [alpha F4: 127.62 (112.89-149.03) vs. 49.36 (46.37-52.98), p < 0.001; etc], [beta F4= 18.96 (15.83-25.38)  vs. 14.77 (10.34-17.55), p < 0.05; C4= 21.16 (18.4-25.9) vs. 15.48 (9.66-19.40), p < 0.01; etc]. Similarly, females resting right theta activity was more in parietal [P4= 33.04 (25.1-42.41) vs. 22.3 (18.36-34.33), p < 0.05] & occipital [O2= 50.81 (30.64-66.8) vs. 26.85 (22.18-34.42), p < 0.001] regions than in males. They had similar picture on the left side also. The delta values of right alpha power was less in female in frontal [F4= -11.61 (-45.24 -3.64) vs. 9.48 (1.05-16.58), p < 0.01] and central [C4= -72 (-32.98-9.48) vs. 22.69 (13.03-33.05), p < 0.01] regions compared to males. Also, they had less delta values of left central alpha [C3= -8.32 (-32.65-6.1) vs. 16.5 (0.36-36.36), p < 0.01] and temporal beta [T3= -6.29 (-10.09- -1.49) vs. 1.24 (-0.84- 2.8), p < 0.001] power compared to males.Conclusion: At rest females may have high EEG powers in different bands. In response to acute exercise, they respond in reverse way as compared to males.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i2.11116Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(2) 2015 30-35

Lost in the Woods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Lupia
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Logical Necessity ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Almost All

Chapter 5 offered a logic that clarifies the kinds of information that can increase knowledge and competence. In the coming chapters, I explain how educators can more effectively communicate this kind of information to others. From this point forward in part I, I focus on the time after an educator has identified information that can increase desired knowledge and competences. An educator in this situation faces an important challenge: Just because information can increase knowledge and competence does not mean that it will do so. For information to have these effects, prospective learners must think about the information in certain ways. For example, if a piece of information is to increase another person’s competence, that person must pay attention to the information. If the prospective learner ignores the information or processes it in ways that an educator did not anticipate, then the information may not have the educator’s desired effect. In chapters 6 to 8, I use insights from research on information processing to describe two necessary conditions for persuading an audience to think about information in ways that increase knowledge and competence. These conditions are gaining an audience’s attention and having sufficient source credibility. I focus on these conditions not only because of their logical necessity, but also because they are two factors over which educators often have some degree of control. “Not so fast!” This is a reaction that I sometimes get when suggesting that we base educational strategies on basic facts about attention and credibility, rather than continuing to rely on often-faulty intuitions about how others learn. Indeed, I have met many educators who initially argue that: “Being an expert in (say, deliberative democracy) makes me persuasive. Citizens and policymakers should respect me and be interested in what I have to say.” This is an attractive notion. It is also an illusion in many cases. Learning is a process that has knowable biological and psychological properties. A fundamental implication of these properties is that people ignore almost all of the information to which they could attend and people forget about almost all of the information to which they pay attention.

Visual awareness relies on exogenous orienting of attention: Evidence from unilateral neglect

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bartolomeo ◽  
Sylvie Chokron
Keyword(s):  
Change Blindness ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Exogenous Orienting ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence ◽  
Selective Impairment

Unilateral neglect stems from a relatively selective impairment of exogenous, or stimulus-related, orienting of attention. This neuropsychological evidence parallels “change blindness” experiments, in which normal individuals lack awareness of salient details in the visual scene as a consequence of their attention being exogenously attracted by a competing event, suggesting that visual consciousness requires the integrity of exogenous orienting of attention.

scholarly journals GABAA Agonist Reduces Visual Awareness: A Masking–EEG Experiment

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk M. van Loon ◽  
H. Steven Scholte ◽  
Simon van Gaal ◽  
Björn J. J. van der Hoort ◽  
Victor A. F. Lamme
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Neural Event ◽  
Visual Consciousness ◽  
Human Participants

Consciousness can be manipulated in many ways. Here, we seek to understand whether two such ways, visual masking and pharmacological intervention, share a common pathway in manipulating visual consciousness. We recorded EEG from human participants who performed a backward-masking task in which they had to detect a masked figure form its background (masking strength was varied across trials). In a within-subject design, participants received dextromethorphan (a N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist), lorazepam (LZP; a GABAA receptor agonist), scopolamine (a muscarine receptor antagonist), or placebo. The behavioral results show that detection rate decreased with increasing masking strength and that of all the drugs, only LZP induced a further decrease in detection rate. Figure-related ERP signals showed three neural events of interest: (1) an early posterior occipital and temporal generator (94–121 msec) that was not influenced by any pharmacological manipulation nor by masking, (2) a later bilateral perioccipital generator (156–211 msec) that was reduced by masking as well as LZP (but not by any other drugs), and (3) a late bilateral occipital temporal generator (293–387 msec) that was mainly affected by masking. Crucially, only the intermediate neural event correlated with detection performance. In combination with previous findings, these results suggest that LZP and masking both reduce visual awareness by means of modulating late activity in the visual cortex but leave early activation intact. These findings provide the first evidence for a common mechanism for these two distinct ways of manipulating consciousness.

Study of the Single Channel Hypothesis and Input Regulation within a Continuous, Simultaneous Task Situation

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Performance Support ◽  
Information Processing Model ◽  
Task Relevance ◽  
Decision Type ◽  
Single Versus

Subjects performed simultaneously on an auditory tracking and an auditory discrimination task, with each, task presented to a separate ear. Information transmitted on the tasks was measured as a function of ability to predict task characteristics, input information-rate, and input discriminability. Based on comparison of single-versus simultaneous-task performance, support was found for a single, central decision-type channel in information processing, having as one primary limit the rate at which information can be accepted. Discriminability of inputs also was found to be a limit on information processing rate. Although ability to predict a task's characteristics facilitated performance on that task, in this experiment it did not result in facilitation of performance on the second task. Relevance of these findings to certain aspects of Broadbent's information-processing model is discussed.

scholarly journals INFORMATION, INFORMATION PROCESSING AND GRAVITY

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (16n17) ◽  
pp. 2895-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN D. H. HSU
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Finite Region ◽  
Fundamental Limits ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Hoop Conjecture ◽  
Fundamental Uncertainty ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Universe

I discuss fundamental limits placed on information and information processing by gravity. Such limits arise because both information and its processing require energy, while gravitational collapse (formation of a horizon or black hole) restricts the amount of energy allowed in a finite region. Specifically, I use a criterion for gravitational collapse called the hoop conjecture. Once the hoop conjecture is assumed a number of results can be obtained directly: the existence of a fundamental uncertainty in spatial distance of order the Planck length, bounds on information (entropy) in a finite region, and a bound on the rate of information processing in a finite region. In the final section I discuss some cosmological issues, related to the total amount of information in the universe, and note that almost all detailed aspects of the late universe are determined by the randomness of quantum outcomes. This paper is based on a talk presented at a 2007 Bellairs Research Institute (McGill University) workshop on black holes and quantum information.

Main Retina Information Processing Pathways Modeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wei ◽  
Qingsong Zuo ◽  
XuDong Guan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Chip Design ◽  
Statistical Experiments ◽  
Processing Pathways ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Time Accuracy ◽  
Almost All

In many fields including digital image processing and artificial retina design, they always confront a balance issue among real-time, accuracy, computing load, power consumption, and other factors. It is difficult to achieve an optimal balance among these conflicting requirements. However, human retina can balance these conflicting requirements very well. It can efficiently and economically accomplish almost all the visual tasks. This paper presents a bio-inspired model of the retina, not only to simulate various types of retina cells but also to simulate complex structure of retina. The model covers main information processing pathways of retina so that it is much closer to the real retina. In this paper, the authors did some research on various characteristics of retina via large-scale statistical experiments, and further analyzed the relationship between retina’s structure and functions. The model can be used in bionic chip design, physiological assumptions verification, image processing and computer vision.

scholarly journals Effects of energy drinks mixed with alcohol on information processing, motor coordination and subjective reports of intoxication.

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile A. Marczinski ◽  
Mark T. Fillmore ◽  
Amy L. Henges ◽  
Meagan A. Ramsey ◽  
Chelsea R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Subjective Reports

scholarly journals Does Acute Exercise Stress Affect Postural Stability and Cognitive Function in Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Miriam Peri ◽  
Uri Gottlieb ◽  
Aharon S. Finestone ◽  
Shmuel Springer
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Visual Spatial

Altered postural control in people with chronic ankle instability (CAI) may be attributed to deficits that are associated with neurocognitive function. Acute training is another factor that may negatively affect postural control and increase the risk of ankle sprain. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of acute exercise on postural stability and cognitive function among patients with CAI. Fifteen patients with CAI (aged 21.5 ± 2.0 years) and 15 healthy controls (aged 20.3 ± 1.7 years) completed a single-limb stance postural control test and a battery of computer-based cognitive tests before and after acute exercise. The overall stability index (OSI) was used as a measure of postural stability. The cognitive domains tested were global cognitive score, executive function, attention, visual-spatial perception, information processing, and fine motor control. Subjects in both groups had similar OSI scores, with a trend for reduced stability in the CAI after the exercise protocol (p = 0.053). There were no differences between the groups in all cognitive domains before or after exercise. Following exercise, the domains of overall cognitive score, visual-spatial perception, and information processing speed improved in both groups (p = 0.003, p = 0.033, p = 0.001; respectively). These findings should be considered with caution due to the heterogeneity of the CAI population.

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