scholarly journals Generation of nonlinearity in the electrical response of yeast suspensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Muraji ◽  
Keita Tamura ◽  
Kenji Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuru Shirafuji
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Potassium Ion Channels ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Yeast Suspension ◽  
Current Voltage

Abstract The mechanism through which nonlinearity is generated in the response waveform of the electric current obtained by applying alternating current voltage to yeast suspension has not yet been elucidated. In this paper, we showed that the response waveform depends on the applied voltage and frequency. The results showed that distortion (nonlinearity) in the waveform increases as the applied voltage increases and/or the frequency decreases. We suggest a model for the generation of nonlinearity based on the influx of potassium ions into the cell via potassium ion channels and transporters in the membrane due to the applied voltage. Furthermore, we validated this model by simulating an electrical circuit.

scholarly journals Generation of nonlinearity in the electrical response of yeast suspensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita TAMURA ◽  
Masafumi MURAJI ◽  
Kenji Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuru Shirafuji
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Potassium Ion Channels ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Yeast Suspension ◽  
Current Voltage

Abstract The mechanism through which nonlinearity is generated in the response waveform of the electric current obtained by applying alternating current voltage to yeast suspension has not yet been elucidated. In this paper, we showed that the response waveform depends on the applied voltage and frequency. The results showed that distortion (nonlinearity) in the waveform increases as the applied voltage increases and/or the frequency decreases. We suggest a model for the generation of nonlinearity based on the influx of potassium ions into the cell via potassium ion channels and transporters in the membrane due to the applied voltage. Furthermore, we validated this model by simulating an electrical circuit.

scholarly journals Crystallization of a potassium ion channel and X-ray and neutron data collection

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Langan ◽  
Venu Gopal Vandavasi ◽  
Brendan Sullivan ◽  
Joel Harp ◽  
Kevin Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Ion Channel ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Potassium Ion Channels ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Potassium Ion Channel ◽  
Neutron Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutron Diffractometer

The mechanism by which potassium ions are transported through ion channels is currently being investigated by several groups using many different techniques. Clarification of the location of water molecules during transport is central to understanding how these integral membrane proteins function. Neutrons have a unique sensitivity to both hydrogen and potassium, rendering neutron crystallography capable of distinguishing waters from K+ ions. Here, the collection of a complete neutron data set from a potassium ion channel to a resolution of 3.55 Å using the Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer (MaNDi) is reported. A room-temperature X-ray data set was also collected from the same crystal to a resolution of 2.50 Å. Upon further refinement, these results will help to further clarify the ion/water population within the selectivity filter of potassium ion channels.

Use of the computer in the course of teaching the topic "Serial wire connection" in the vii grade to build practical skills of pupils

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Tarana Hasan Mammadtagiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Serial Connection

The article shows how to develop students' practical skills using computers. As an example, the method of using the Vocational Laboratory Crocodile Phyiscs has been described in the topic of "Serial wire connection". Through this program, the students learn to experimentally apply the regularity of coupled wires. By means of the program, the students also will be introduced to the demonstration of a consistent wiring before the research, and will be informed about the work they will do. At the same time, the article provides a model of work flow in measuring the intensity and tension of the consecutive coupled wires. The dimensions of the lamp, the ampermeter, and the voltmeter according to Duist are clearly stated in the scheme. Key words: Computer, electrical circuit, electric current, voltage,resistance, serial connection,practical skills.

scholarly journals The Electric Current (Apart from the Heat Generated). A Bacteriologibal Agent in the Sterilization of Milk and Other Fluids

1925 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martin Beattie ◽  
F. C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Electrode Chamber

Though we have, in former papers (1915, 1916, 1920), given details of the apparatus we used in producing sterilisation of milk by the electric current, it will be a convenience to readers to repeat some facts in regard to the arrangements of the electrodes and electrical circuit. The quantity of current used depends on the size of the apparatus, arid the voltage is normally between 3000 and 4000. The alternating current is carried by the milk and is applied by means of three copper electrodes, ⅛th of an inch thick, each enclosed in a glass electrode chamber.

Sensory Transduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Fain
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Sensory Transduction ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Effector Molecules

Sensory Transduction provides a thorough and easily accessible introduction to the mechanisms that each of the different kinds of sensory receptor cell uses to convert a sensory stimulus into an electrical response. Beginning with an introduction to methods of experimentation, sensory specializations, ion channels, and G-protein cascades, it provides up-to-date reviews of all of the major senses, including touch, hearing, olfaction, taste, photoreception, and the “extra” senses of thermoreception, electroreception, and magnetoreception. By bringing mechanisms of all of the senses together into a coherent treatment, it facilitates comparison of ion channels, metabotropic effector molecules, second messengers, and other components of signal pathways that are common themes in the physiology of the different sense organs. With its many clear illustrations and easily assimilated exposition, it provides an ideal introduction to current research for the professional in neuroscience, as well as a text for an advanced undergraduate or graduate-level course on sensory physiology.

scholarly journals Membrane Currents in Airway Smooth Muscle: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Luke J Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Potassium Ion Channels ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Transient Activation

Electrophysiological and pharmacological techniques were used to characterize the membrane conductance changes underlying spasmogen-evoked depolarization in airway smooth muscle (ASM). Changes included a transient activation of chloride ion channels and prolonged suppression of potassium ion channels; both changes are triggered by release of internally sequestered calcium ion and in turn cause opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels. The resultant influx of calcium ions contributes to contraction as well as to refilling of the internal calcium ion pool. Bronchodilators, on the other hand, act in part through activation of potassium channels, with consequent closure of calcium channels. The tools used to study ion channels in ASM are described, and the investigations of the roles of ion channels in ASM physiology (autacoid-evoked depolarization and hyperpolarization) and pathophysiology (airway hyperresponsiveness) are summarized. Finally, how the relationship between ion channels and ASM function/dysfunction may relate to the treatment of asthma and related breathing disorders is discussed.

Highly Selective Artificial Potassium Ion Channels Constructed from Pore‐Containing Helical Oligomers

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (41) ◽  
pp. 12842-12845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Lang ◽  
Xiaoli Deng ◽  
Feihu Yang ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Potassium Ion Channels

Reconstitution of Single Potassium Channels from Bovine Gallbladder Epithelium

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
E Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Potassium Ion Channels ◽  
Adult Cattle

The study of molecular transport across gall-bladder epithelium may contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of gall-bladder disease. The aim of this study was to reconstitute and characterize single potassium ion channels in bovine gall-bladder epithelial mucosa – both apical and basolateral aspects. Standard subcellular fractionation techniques were used to form either apical or basolateral closed-membrane vesicles from the mucosal epithelium of fresh gall bladders from healthy young adult cattle. Vesicular ion channels were incorporated into voltage-clamped planar lipid bilayers under known ionic conditions and their conductances, reversal potentials, and voltages were characterized. Low-conductance voltage-insensitive apical membrane vesicle channels of at least four conductance levels were found (mean ± SD): 12 ± 4 pS, n = 10; 40 ± 12 pS, n = 4; 273 ± 31 pS, n = 3; and 151 ± 24 pS, n = 5. Conductances of potassium ion channels in basolateral membrane vesicles were in the range 9–450 pS, and these channels included high-conductance calcium-activated potassium-ion channels ‘K(Ca)’ which were voltage- and calcium-dependent.

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