scholarly journals The Effect of The Herbicide of Glyphosate (Nphosphonomethyll Glycine) On Photosynthetic Pigments And Photosynthetic Activity of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) By Laser-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadah M. Tashish ◽  
Abdullah S. Aldwayyan ◽  
Hamid M. Ghaithan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short and long term exposure to N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) on the photosynthetic activity of Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) plants. Photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence spectra of basil plants treated for 30, 50, or 70 days with either 0,1, 2, or 3 ml/L (H2O) glyphosate were measured. The ratio of the two fluorescence intensity maxima was calculated by evaluating curve-fitted parameters. Findings revealed that after 30 days of treatment, 1 ml/l (H2O) of glyphosate stimulated, whereas 2 and 3 ml/l (H2O) of glyphosate inhibited, photosynthetic activity of basil plants. In contrast, all tested concentrations of glyphosate became inhibitory after 50 and 70 days of treatment. This study clearly showed that at high concentrations (> 1 ml/l (H2O)), glyphosate is highly toxic to basil. This finding may be helpful for determining the optimal dose of glyphosate in agricultural practices.

Short- and long-term bacterial inhibiting effect of high concentrations of glycerol used in the preservation of skin allografts

Burns ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veroniek S.M. Saegeman ◽  
Nadine L. Ectors ◽  
Daniel Lismont ◽  
Bert Verduyckt ◽  
Jan Verhaegen
Keyword(s):  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Skin Allografts ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Concentrations

Effects of short and long term sodium supplementation on copper accumulation in sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M.O. Mohammed ◽  
P.C. Chiy ◽  
C. J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Copper Absorption ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Sodium Supplementation

The presence of high concentrations of sodium in the mammalian small intestine plays a major role in facilitating copper absorption (e.g. Wapnir and Stiel, 1987). An experiment was conducted that investigated the medium and long-term effects of adding sodium to the diet of sheep on the copper accumulation in body tissues.

Ecophysiological responses of desiccation-tolerant cryptobiotic crusts

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelin Péli ◽  
Nie Lei ◽  
Tamás Pócs ◽  
Zsanett Laufer ◽  
Stefan Porembski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Ecophysiological Responses ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cryptobiotic Crusts

AbstractIn our present studies, the recovery of photosynthetic activity after rehydration was demonstrated. We measured chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 gas exchange and the pigment composition in the previously long-term air-dried cryptogamic inselberg crusts collected from two tropical areas. The cryptobiotic crusts were collected from different localities on similar ecological and climatic conditions from extreme habitats of inselbergs (outcrops). These inselbergs are characterized by a dry microclimate and are covered by scarce soil. We found that the ecophysiological responses of both cryptogamic inselberg crusts showed an extremely high degree of desiccation-tolerance due to the fast and full recovery during rehydration. The photosynthetic activity of the cryptobiotic crusts were restored and regained within 15 and 40 min, respectively, after rehydration. Photosynthetic activity of the crusts was retained at all applied light intensities when enough water was available, however the degree of the recovery was different between the crusts. Photosynthetic pigment contents were strongly and positively correlated with water content. Our results indicated that tropical desiccation-tolerant cryptogamic crusts found on inselberg rock surfaces have CO2 fixation ability in the range of cyanobacteria and lichens, suggesting that at a global scale they can assimilate CO2 in a significant amount.

Response of digestive organs of Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura: Hylidae) to benzo[α]pyrene

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Zácari Fanali ◽  
Bruno Serra de Lacerda Valverde ◽  
Lilian Franco-Belussi ◽  
Diogo B. Provete ◽  
Classius de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
High Concentrations

Anurans are exposed to several pollutants. One of these is benzo[α]pyrene (BaP). This compound is produced by incomplete combustion and is toxic to the liver and intestine, where it is metabolized. Here, we tested how different concentrations of BaP affect the thickness of small intestine and liver melanomacrophages (MMCs) ofHypsiboas albopunctatusduring short- and long-term exposures. We conducted an experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial design to answer these two questions. Male specimens were separated into groups injected with either 3 or 7 mg/kg of BaP and euthanized after either 72 or 168 h. Then, we measured the thickness of the intestinal epithelium and the area occupied by MMCs. The thickness of intestinal epithelium decreased in both high and low concentration for short-term exposure compared to control, and increased in the long-term group in both low and high concentrations. The short-term decrease in thickness is due to the damage caused by BaP on the absorptive capacity of the epithelium, whereas the epithelium increased its thickness and recovered normal activity in the long-term. High BaP concentration decreased the area of MMCs in the short-term group. The increase in MMCs is associated with the detoxifying role of these cells, while the decrease was triggered by cellular stress due to high BaP concentration. The concentrations of BaP we used are close to those found in polluted environments. Therefore, water contaminated with BaP can potentially affect the morphology of internal organs of anurans.

Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Capacity in Barley Seedlings under the Combined Toxicity of Cadmium and Aluminum

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
Tian Rong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content

Photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic activity, as well as the antioxidant capacity were estimated in barley seedlings after 10 or 20 d supplies of Al and Cd individual or combined in nutrient solution. The results showed that stress exposure strongly decreased photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic activity, as well as induced oxidative damage as evidenced by increased the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malonaldehyde (MDA) content in barley leaves. The most obvious response was found in plants exposed to higher levels of Cd (10 μmol/L) or Al (90 μmol/L) in the nutrient medium. Binary metal combinations generally aggravated photosynthesis reduction and induced more serious oxidative stress as compared with Al or Cd single treatments, and the most deleterious effects were observed in the combination of 90 μmol/L Al+5 μmol/L Cd.

scholarly journals Vermicompost Leachate Alleviates Deficiency of Phosphorus and Potassium in Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina D. Arthur ◽  
Adeyemi O. Aremu ◽  
Manoj G. Kulkarni ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Vermicompost Leachate

As a result of the growing concerns about the adverse effect of chemicals on the environment, agricultural practices involving organic and environmental-friendly compounds are gaining acceptance globally. Tomatoes remain one of the most popular and widely grown vegetable crops. However, their growth requires a high supplement of nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizer. The effectiveness of vermicompost leachate (VCL) as a potential replacement for the three elements (N, P, and K) during the growth of greenhouse tomatoes was evaluated. Morphological appearance of the tomato seedlings was remarkably enhanced when Hoagland’s nutrient solution (50%) was supplemented with VCL (1:10 v/v). In the absence of both P and K, the addition of VCL significantly (P = 0.05) increased various growth parameters such as shoot length, leaf number as well as shoot and root fresh weight compared with the control tomato seedlings. The detrimental effect of N deficiency on the growth of tomato seedlings was not alleviated with the addition of VCL to the nutrient solution. The photosynthetic pigment content in P-deficient and VCL-supplemented tomato seedlings was significantly higher than the untreated control. The presence of VCL alleviated the detrimental effects caused by deficiency of P and K during the growth of the tomato seedlings. Overall, the use of VCL was beneficial with either complete nutrient solution or in the absence of P and K. Findings of this study suggest that VCL could serve as a potential substitute for P and K deficiency.

Short- and Long-Term Results of Total vs Subtotal Thyroid- ectomies in the Surgical Treatment of Graves' Disease

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert ◽  
Mariéthoz ◽  
Pache ◽  
Bertin ◽  
Caulfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ◽  
Short And Long Term

Objective: Approximately one out of five patients with Graves' disease (GD) undergoes a thyroidectomy after a mean period of 18 months of medical treatment. This retrospective and non-randomized study from a teaching hospital compares short- and long-term results of total (TT) and subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) for this disease. Methods: From 1987 to 1997, 94 patients were operated for GD. Thirty-three patients underwent a TT (mostly since 1993) and 61 a ST (keeping 4 to 8 grams of thyroid tissue - mean 6 g). All patients had received propylthiouracil and/or neo-mercazole and were in a euthyroid state at the time of surgery; they also took potassium iodide (lugol) for ten days before surgery. Results: There were no deaths. Transient hypocalcemia (< 3 months) occurred in 32 patients (15 TT and 17 ST) and persistent hypocalcemia in 8 having had TT. Two patients developed transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after ST (< 3 months). After a median follow-up period of seven years (1-15) with five patients lost to follow-up, 41 patients having had a ST are in a hypothyroid state (73%), thirteen are euthyroid (23%), and two suffered recurrent hyperthyroidism, requiring completion of thyroidectomy. All 33 patients having had TT - with follow-ups averaging two years (0.5-8) - are receiving thyroxin substitution. Conclusions: There were no instances of persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in either group, but persistent hypoparathyroidism occurred more frequently after TT. Long after ST, hypothyroidism developed in nearly three of four cases, whereas euthyroidy was maintained in only one-fourth; recurrent hyperthyroidy was rare.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term
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