Osseus: A Method Based on Artificial Intelligence and Electromagnetic Waves for Ancillary Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Abstract Background: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density, which causes fractures and compromises people's quality of life. Diagnostic devices for assessing this health condition, such as Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), are very costly. Therefore, it is impracticable to meet the demand for tests in Brazil's 5,568 municipalities. Given that, we proposed a pre-clinical validation of a prototype developed to aid bone mineral density classification. Thus, Osseus integrates a microcontroller with other peripheral devices to measure the electromagnetic permittivity at the middle phalanx of the middle finger, with two antennas operating in the 2.45 GHz frequency range. Using Artificial Intelligence to identify risk factors alongside signal attenuation measurement indicates the need for DXA. Results: We conducted tests with plaster, Galliformes, and porcine bones. Comparison of the measurements of the original and mechanically altered samples have demonstrated that the device can handle the complexity of the tissues within the bone structure and characterize its microarchitecture. Conclusions: Osseus is a prototype and has been preliminarily validated. There is a lack of validation studies with the reference/gold standard that are currently under development. Osseus enables early detection of osteoporosis, reduces costs, and optimizes high-complexity testing referrals.

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DXA parameters, Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD), in fracture risk prediction in endocrine-mediated secondary osteoporosis

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-021-02806-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Enisa Shevroja ◽

Francesco Pio Cafarelli ◽

Giuseppe Guglielmi ◽

Didier Hans

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Trabecular Bone Score ◽

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Fragility Fractures ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractOsteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and alterations of bone microarchitecture, leading to an increased risk for fragility fractures and, eventually, to fracture; is associated with an excess of mortality, a decrease in quality of life, and co-morbidities. Bone mineral density (BMD), measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Trabecular bone score (TBS), a textural analysis of the lumbar spine DXA images, is an index of bone microarchitecture. TBS has been robustly shown to predict fractures independently of BMD. In this review, while reporting also results on BMD, we mainly focus on the TBS role in the assessment of bone health in endocrine disorders known to be reflected in bone.

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Quality of life assessment (PedsQL) in children at risk of disuse osteoporosis: Decreases of appendicular bone mineral density is associated to a greater body pain

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2007.04.104 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. S73

Author(s):

M.L. Reyes ◽

M. Hernández ◽

C. Samsó ◽

M.P. Palma ◽

R. Escobar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

At Risk ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Life Assessment ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Disuse Osteoporosis ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Quality Of Life Assessment

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Role of Dietary Intake and Serum 25(OH)D on the Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Bone Mass and Structure of Frail and Pre-Frail Older Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3016

Author(s):

Ana Moradell ◽

David Navarrete-Villanueva ◽

Ángel I. Fernández-García ◽

Jorge Marín-Puyalto ◽

Alejandro Gómez-Bruton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Older Adults ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Frail Older Adults ◽

Frail Elders ◽

Tibia Length

The multicomponent training (MCT) effect on bone health in frail and pre-frail elders, which is influenced by dietary intake, is still unknown. The objective of this non-randomized intervention trial was to assess the effects of a 6-month MCT on bone structure in frail and pre-frail elders, and to analyse the influence of dietary intake and serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) in these changes. Thirty MCT (TRAIN) and sixteen controls (CON), frail and pre-frail completed the information required for this study. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements were taken at 4% and 38% of the tibia length and dietary intake was registered. The 25(OH)D values were obtained from blood samples. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures showed significant decreases for CON in total bone mineral content at 38% of tibia length. One factor ANOVAs showed smaller decreases in bone mineral density and cortical thickness percentage of change in TRAIN compared to CON. Linear regression analyses were performed to study the influence of nutrients and 25(OH)D on bone changes. Alcohol showed a negative influence on fracture index changes, while polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin A showed a positive association with some bone variables. The 25(OH)D only affected positively the cortical bone mineral density. In conclusion, our MCT seems to slow down some of the bone detriments associated with ageing in frail and pre-frail older adults, with alcohol showing a negative effect on the bone and apparent limited effect of nutrients and serum 25(OH)D on training related changes.

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Bone Quality of the Dento-Maxillofacial Complex and Osteoporosis. Opportunistic Radiographic Interpretation

10.5772/intechopen.96487 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe ◽

Giovani Antonio Rodrigues ◽

Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha ◽

Michel Campos Ribeiro ◽

Enéas de Almeida Souza Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Panoramic Radiography ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Radiographic Interpretation ◽

Auxiliary Mechanism

Research suggests the use of different indexes on panoramic radiography as a way to assess BMD and to be able to detect changes in bone metabolism before fractures occur. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to describe the use of these parameters as an auxiliary mechanism in the detection of low bone mineral density, as well as to characterize the radiographic findings of patients with osteoporosis.

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Beyond Bone Mineral Density: The Impact of Childhood Cancer and Its Treatment on Bone Structure and Strength

10.1159/000518501 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Melissa Fiscaletti ◽

Nathalie Alos ◽

Leanne M. Ward

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Childhood Cancer ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Mineral Density ◽

The Impact

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Association Between Physical Fitness and Bone Strength and Structure in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738120913645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 431-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alejandro Gómez-Bruton ◽

Jorge Marín-Puyalto ◽

Borja Muñiz-Pardos ◽

Gabriel Lozano-Berges ◽

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Young Children ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Density

Background: The positive association between physical fitness and bone structure has been widely investigated in children and adolescents, yet no studies have evaluated this influence in young children (ie, preschoolers). Hypothesis: Fit children will present improved bone variables when compared with unfit children, and no sex-based differences will emerge in the sample. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Handgrip strength, standing long jump (SLJ), speed/agility, balance, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed using the Assessing FITness levels in PREschoolers (PREFIT) test battery in 92 children (50 boys; age range, 3-5 years). A peripheral quantitative computed tomography scan was performed at 38% of the length of the nondominant tibia. Cluster analysis from handgrip strength, SLJ, speed/agility, and CRF was developed to identify fitness groups. Bone variables were compared between sexes and between cluster groups. The association between individual physical fitness components and different bone variables was also tested. Results: Three cluster groups emerged: fit (high values on all included physical fitness variables), strong (high strength values and low speed/agility and CRF), and unfit (low strength, speed/agility, and CRF). The fit group presented higher values than the strong and unfit groups for total and cortical bone mineral content, cortical area, and polar strength strain index (all P < 0.05). The fit group also presented a higher cortical thickness when compared with the unfit group ( P < 0.05). Handgrip, SLJ, and speed/agility predicted all bone variables except for total and cortical volumetric bone mineral density. No differences were found for bone variables between sexes. Conclusion: The results suggest that global fitness in preschoolers is a key determinant for bone structure and strength but not volumetric bone mineral density. Clinical Relevance: Physical fitness is a determinant for tibial bone mineral content, structure, and strength in very young children. Performing physical fitness tests could provide useful information related to bone health in preschoolers.

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Metabolic and musculoskeletal effects of cystic fibrosis

10.1093/med/9780198702948.003.0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Uta Hill ◽

Jane Ashbrook ◽

Charles Haworth

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Fragility Fractures ◽

Pulmonary Complications ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Airway Clearance

This chapter provides a comprehensive update on the prevention, recognition, and treatment of low bone mineral density in people with CF. As life expectancy improves, the extra-pulmonary complications of CF are becoming increasingly important to quality of life. Up to 25 per cent of CF patients have reduced bone mineral density in adulthood, leading to the development of fragility fractures which cause pain, thereby interfering with airway clearance and predisposing to pulmonary infection. Osteoporosis can be a relative contraindication for lung transplantation. Other important musculoskeletal issues including CF arthropathy, growth, and urinary incontinence are covered. CF arthropathy is a non-erosive episodic sero-negative arthritis, often difficult to treat and which may require specialist input. Urinary incontinence is common girls and women with CF and has a negative impact on quality of life and ability to complete therapies. The pathophysiology and management of urinary incontinence are discussed.

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Relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in women with low bone mineral density

10.1183/23120541.sleepandbreathing-2017.p88 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Nur Selin Ozturk ◽

Rengin Demir ◽

Nihal Sakalli ◽

Sansin Tuzun

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Low Bone Mineral Density

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The relationship between testosterone deficiency and frailty in elderly men

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci.2010.060 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farid Saad

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Clinical Investigations ◽

Younger Men ◽

System Metabolism

AbstractThe vulnerable health status usually preceding the onset of overt disability is often referred to as frailty. A stringent definition is elusive but it can be viewed as a physiological syndrome, characterized by decreased reserve and diminished resistance to stressors, resulting from a cumulative decline across multiple physiological systems and causing vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Elements of frailty are related to the neurological system, metabolism, joints, bones, and muscles. Sarcopenia seems to be the major determinant of frailty. Several components of the frailty syndrome are related to loss of physiological actions of testosterone (T). T and/or its aromatized metabolite, estradiol, are necessary for maintenance of bone mineral density. Furthermore, T stimulates erythrocyte formation. T has a profound effect on body composition. Androgens promote differentiation of mesenchymal pluripotent cells into the myogenic lineage and inhibit differentiation into the adipogenic lineage. Skeletal muscles of older men are as responsive to the anabolic effects of T as of younger men. Thus, although frailty is obviously a complex syndrome, some elements are androgen-associated and these can improve in men with subnormal T levels when treated with T. Evidence suggests that T treatment in frail elderly men with low T improves body composition, quality of life, and physical function, including increased axial bone mineral density and body composition. The data available to date strongly suggest a relationship between T-deficiency and frailty and warrant further basic and clinical investigations to extend these observations to the management of elderly men with frailty.

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