scholarly journals Nutrient Intakes of Canadian Children and Adolescents: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2015 – Nutrition Public Use Microdata Files

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena (Praneet) Ng ◽  
Mavra Ahmed ◽  
Mary L'Abbe
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: Up-to-date and appropriate estimates of the usual intakes of key nutrients are crucial for monitoring the nutritional adequacy of the Canadian population. Comprehensive, nationally-representative nutrient estimates for Canadian children and adolescents are available using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) – Nutrition 2004, however results are scarce for the most-recent 2015 data. The objective of this research was to assess nutrient intakes of Canadian children and adolescents using data from the CCHS 2015 Public Use Microdata Files (PUMF) Methods: Participants’ first 24-hr dietary recall, and the second-day recall from a subset of participants were used to estimate usual intakes of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals in children and adolescents (2-18 years). Usual intakes by Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) age-sex groups were estimated using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method, adjusted for age, sex, misreporting status, weekend/weekday, and sequence of recall analyzed (first/second), with consideration for outliers (N=5,493). Usual intakes from food and beverages were assessed for prevalence of inadequacy in relation to the DRI recommendations. Results: Children 2-3y consumed a percentage of total energy from protein above the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). Among children and adolescents, 71% met the AMDR for carbohydrates and 63-71% met the AMDR for total fat. With the exception of calcium and vitamin D, a very low prevalence (<10%) of inadequate intakes was observed for select micronutrients among Canadian children 2-8y, while a substantial proportion of adolescents (>15%) did not meet requirements for vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium and zinc.Conclusions: Canadian children and adolescents may not be meeting recommendations for short fall nutrients such as calcium, potassium, vitamin A and vitamin D. Fibre intake continues to remain low, while sodium intake exceeded recommendations. These findings provide important, updated baseline estimates on the nutrient intakes of this subpopulation in Canada for continued monitoring of adherence to the 2019 Canada’s Food Guide and may be useful to inform future public health nutrition policies, programs and initiatives.

Nutritional implications of dietary gluten avoidance among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana N. Mudryj ◽  
Anne K. Waugh ◽  
Joyce J. Slater ◽  
Donald R. Duerksen ◽  
Charles N. Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Health Survey

Abstract Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487). Participants were categorised as those who avoid dietary gluten and those who reported no avoidances. Key nutrient intakes were assessed, as a percentage of Dietary Recommended Intakes, including fibre, B vitamins, vitamin D, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, and compared between the two groups using t tests. Canadians who avoided gluten had significantly lower intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, Fe, Na and Ca compared with those who did not avoid any food groups. However, Canadians who reported following a GFD were significantly more likely to use vitamin or mineral supplements in the past 30 d. More than 20 % of those who avoided gluten also avoided dairy products. Findings suggest that following a GFD places Canadians at risk for nutrient inadequacies, particularly folate, Ca and vitamin D. Further research is required to further examine how multiple dietary avoidances among those who avoid gluten may contribute to dietary inadequacies.

scholarly journals Association between Grain Intake, Nutrient Intake, and Diet Quality of Canadians: Evidence from the Canadian Community Health Survey–Nutrition 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed H Hosseini ◽  
Julie M Jones ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

The new Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) recommends whole grains foods as the primary choice of grain products in the daily diet. This study examined whether higher shares of whole-grain consumption, beyond the recommended levels (i.e., above half) of the daily grain intake, are linked with optimal diet quality and intakes of some key nutrients, for both children and adolescents and adults in Canada. To meet the objective of this study, we used the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)–Nutrition 2015, which is a nationally representative data. We employed the propensity score matching (PSM) method in this study. PSM estimates the exposure effect when a set of individuals are exposed to a specific treatment (food group intake in this study) in a non-experimental setting. The results of our analyses implied that a high consumption of whole grains is associated with a good diet quality. However, after a certain level of whole-grain consumption, no significant differences can be observed in diet quality scores of children and adolescents and adults. Moreover, it was observed that the proportion of obese and overweight individuals was significantly lower among adults that had balanced intakes of whole and non-whole grains. The results of logistic regression analyses also showed the probability of being obese and overweight is significantly lower in the case of adults with balanced intakes of grains. However, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of obesity and overweight across whole grains consumption patterns for children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Intake patterns and dietary associations of soya protein consumption in adults and children in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana N. Mudryj ◽  
Harold M. Aukema ◽  
Nancy Yu
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Health Survey

Soya foods are one of the recommended alternatives to meat in many dietary guidelines. While this is expected to increase the intake of some nutrients, potential concerns regarding others have been raised. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence and the association of soya food consumption with nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of Canadians (age ≥ 2 years). Cross-sectional data from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (Cycle 2.2; n 33 218) were used to classify soya consumers and non-consumers. Soya consumers were further divided into two groups based on their soya protein intake. Sample weights were applied and logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between nutrient intakes and soya consumption, with cultural background, sex, age and economic status being included as covariates. On any given day, 3·3 % (n 1085) of Canadians consume soya foods, with females, Asian Canadians and adults with post-secondary education being more likely to be soya consumers. As a whole, adolescent and adult respondents who had consumed at least one soya food during their 24 h dietary recall had higher energy intakes, as well as increased intakes of nutrients such as protein, fibre, vitamin C, vitamin B6, naturally occurring folate, thiamin, Ca, P, Mg, PUFA, Fe and K and lowered intakes of saturated fat. These data indicate that soya food consumption is associated with improved diet quality of Canadians. However, future research is necessary to investigate the association between increased energy intake and soya consumption.

scholarly journals Determinants of vitamin D supplement use in Canadians

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel McCormack ◽  
Xiaomei Mai ◽  
Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of vitamin D supplement use in Canadian adults and associations with demographic and socio-economic variables.DesignData from the Healthy Aging module of the Canadian Community Health Survey were used to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D supplement use in Canadians aged 45 years and over. The prevalence of supplement use stratified by various behavioural and demographic characteristics was calculated and adjusted models were used to find associations with those factors.SettingThe ten provinces of Canada.SubjectsCanadians aged 45 years and over who participated in the Healthy Aging module of the Canadian Community Health Survey from 2008–2009.ResultsThe highest observed prevalence for women was 48·0 % in the 65–69 years age group and the highest prevalence for men was 25·3 % in the 70–74 years age group. Women had higher odds of vitamin D supplement use than men in all age groups. Not using supplements was more common in smokers, those who did not engage in leisure-time physical activities and who were either overweight or obese. Vitamin D supplement use increased with household income and level of education, and decreased with self-perceived health. Supplement use was higher in those with chronic conditions.ConclusionsThe inverse association with self-perceived health could be partly explained by age, chronic conditions and increased use of health-care services. Associations with higher income and education suggest a strong socio-economic influence and that individuals may not have the expendable income to purchase vitamin D supplements or knowledge of their health benefits.

scholarly journals Intakes of nutrients and food categories in Canadian children and adolescents across levels of sugars intake: Cross-sectional analyses of the Canadian Community Health Survey 2015 Public Use Microdata File

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chiavaroli ◽  
Ye (Flora) Wang ◽  
Mavra Ahmed ◽  
Alena (Praneet) Ng ◽  
Chiara DiAngelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Older Adolescents

Dietary recommendations to reduce sugars consumption may influence choices of sugars-containing foods and affect the intake of key micronutrients. We compared intakes of nutrients and food sources stratified by quintiles of total sugars in Canadian children (2-8y) and adolescents (9-13y, 14-18y) using 24-hour dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. Energy intakes did not differ across quintiles of sugars intake. Those with lower sugars intakes (Q1/Q3) generally had higher protein, fat, sodium, niacin, folate and zinc and lower vitamin C compared to those with the highest sugars intakes (Q5). Q1 also had lower potassium but higher saturated fat compared to Q5. Further, Q1 generally had higher protein, fats and niacin compared to Q3, while children in Q3 had higher potassium and riboflavin and older adolescents had higher calcium and fibre. Q5 had highest intakes of multiple sugar-containing food categories (e.g. fruit, confectionary, milks, cakes/pies/pastries), with higher sugars-sweetened beverages in adolescents. Q3 had higher fruit, milks and fruit juice compared to Q1 and lower sugars/syrups/preserves, confectionary, and fruit juices compared to Q5. Certain nutrient-dense food sources of sugars (fruit, milks) may help increase key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre) in older adolescents with low sugars intakes. However, in those with the highest sugars intakes, nutrient-poor foods may displace nutrient-dense foods. Novelty: • Canadian children and adolescents with lower sugars intake have better intakes of some nutrients • Energy intakes did not differ across sugars intake • Older adolescents with mean intakes of total sugars had better intakes of some key nutrients (potassium, calcium, fibre)

Immigrants’ Experiences of Everyday Discrimination in Canada: Unpacking the Contributions of Assimilation, Race, and Early Socialization

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 602-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoua M. Vang ◽  
Yvonne Chang
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Everyday Discrimination ◽  
Early Socialization

We examined perceptions of everyday discrimination among immigrants in Canada and in comparison to native-born Canadians using data from the 2013 Canadian Community Health Survey. We find that recent immigrants report less discrimination than native-born Canadians, ceteris paribus. Recent immigrants also report less discrimination than their fellow immigrants who had been residing in Canada for much longer durations. There were trivial differences in perceptions of everyday discrimination between native-born Canadians and midway and established immigrants, all else being equal. Additional analysis suggests that differences in age at arrival and associated early socialization experiences might explain variations in immigrants’ perceived discrimination.

scholarly journals Consumption of Milk and Alternatives and Their Contribution to Nutrient Intakes among Canadian Adults: Evidence from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auclair ◽  
Han ◽  
Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Community Health Survey

As a staple food and dense source of nutrients, milk and alternatives play an important role in nutrient adequacy. The aims of this study were to quantify the consumption of milk and alternatives within Canadian self-selected diets and determine their contribution to intakes of nutrients and energy. First, 24-h dietary recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey—Nutrition were used to assess 1-d food and nutrient intakes among Canadian adults ≥19 y (n = 13,616). Foods were classified as milk and alternatives according to the 2007 Canada’s Food Guide. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate daily servings of milk and alternatives by different age groups and demographic characteristics. Population ratios were used to discern their contribution to total intakes of nutrients and energy. Mean daily servings (±SE) were highest for milk (0.60 ± 0.02) and cheese (0.42 ± 0.01), intermediate for frozen dairy (0.16 ± 0.01) and yoghurt (0.14 ± 0.01), and lowest for soy and other dairy (<0.03). Intakes were lowest among Canadians 51+ y (1.3 ± 0.03), females (1.25 ± 0.03), non-Caucasians (1.06 ± 0.05), those with less than a secondary education (1.19 ± 0.05), and British Columbians (1.17 ± 0.05). Milk and alternatives contributed >20% to total intakes of calcium (52.62 ± 0.46%), vitamin D (38.53 ± 0.78%), saturated fat (28.84 ± 0.51%), vitamin B12 (27.73 ± 0.57%), vitamin A (26.16 ± 0.58%), phosphorus (24.76 ± 0.35%), and riboflavin (24.43 ± 0.37%), of which milk was the top source. Milk and alternatives contribute substantially to nutrient intakes and thus warrant further attention in terms of mitigating nutrient inadequacy among the Canadian population.

scholarly journals Consumption Patterns of Grain-Based Foods among Children and Adolescents in Canada: Evidence from Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hosseini ◽  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Naorin Isalm ◽  
Patil Rashmi ◽  
Arash Shamloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Grain Products

The current analyses used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2015 to investigate grain-based food (GBF) dietary patterns of consumptions among 6,400,000 Canadian children and adolescents 2 to 18 years old. Nutrient intakes, socioeconomic differences, body mass index (BMI) z-scores, and intakes of several food groups were examined across the identified grain patterns of consumption. We employed k-mean cluster analysis to identify the consumption patterns of grain products. Based on the contributions of 21 grain food groups to the total energy intake of each individual, seven GBF consumption patterns were identified including other bread; salty snacks; pasta; rice; cakes and cookies; white bread; and mixed grains. Individuals having less than one serving of grain products were also separately categorized as no-grain consumers. Mean energy intake (kcal/day) was lowest for the “no-grain” consumers and greatest in children/adolescents consuming a “salty snacks” pattern when all GBF patterns were compared. Children and adolescents with “no-grain” and “rice” GBF consumption patterns had significantly lower intakes of several nutrients including dietary fiber, folate, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin. No associations were observed with any of the identified GBF patterns and BMI z-scores. In addition, the socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as household incomes and immigration status of participants were shown to be significantly different across the identified clusters.

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