Association of Sibling Presence with Language Development from Infancy to Early School Age Among Children with Developmental Difficulties: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hui Lu ◽  
Wei-Chun Che ◽  
Yu-Ju Lin ◽  
Jao-Shwann Liang
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Language Delays ◽  
School Age ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Early School ◽  
Early School Age

Abstract BackgroundSiblings are crucial familial-ecological factors in children’s language development. However, it is unclear whether sibling presence is associated with language development among young children with developmental difficulties. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sibling presence and changes in language trajectories of children with developmental delay before early school age. MethodsWe performed a retrospective longitudinal cohort study from December 2008 through February 2016. The medical records of the participants were collected from an official institution designated by Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare for assessing and identifying young children with developmental difficulties. A total of 174 participants who had developmental difficulties and at least three-waves of evaluations were included in the analysis. Participants’ age ranged from 10 to 90 months. The primary outcomes were receptive and expressive language delays evaluated by board-certified speech-language pathologists. ResultsOf the 174 participants (131 boys; at the first evaluation: mean [standard deviation (SD)] age, 31.74 [10.15] months) enrolled, 64.94% (n=113) had siblings and 35.06% (n=61) did not. At the age of approximately 10 months, the probability of receptive and expressive language delays was lower in participants with siblings than in those without (adjusted odds ratios, 0.19, 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.64, 0.04-0.80; P=0.006, 0.024, respectively). However, at 10–90 months old, this probability of language delay became gradually higher in participants with siblings than in those without, exceeding that of participants without siblings (adjusted odds ratios, 1.04, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07, 1.01-1.07; P=0.014, 0.020, respectively)ConclusionsHaving siblings does not necessarily have a positive association on the language development of children with developmental difficulties. Clinicians should consider the association of sibling presence with language development for these children in a broader familial-ecological context.

scholarly journals Young children share more under time pressure than after a delay

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248121
Author(s):  
Maria Plötner ◽  
Robert Hepach ◽  
Harriet Over ◽  
Malinda Carpenter ◽  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Delay Condition ◽  
School Age ◽  
Pressure Condition ◽  
Early School ◽  
Early School Age

Adults under time pressure share with others generously, but with more time they act more selfishly. In the current study, we investigated whether young children already operate in this same way, and, if so, whether this changes over the preschool and early school age years. We tested 144 children in three age groups (3-, 5-, and 7-year olds) in a one-shot dictator game: Children were given nine stickers and had the possibility to share stickers with another child who was absent. Children in the Time Pressure condition were instructed to share quickly, whereas children in the Delay condition were instructed to take time and consider their decision carefully. Across ages, children in the Time Pressure condition shared significantly more stickers than children in the Delay condition. Moreover, the longer children waited, the less they shared. Thus, children, like adults, are more prosocial when acting spontaneously than after considering their decision more carefully.

scholarly journals Anger in infancy and its implications: History of attachment in mother–child and father–child relationships as a moderator of risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 1353-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Brock ◽  
Grazyna Kochanska
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Age ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
School Age ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Early School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early School Age ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractGrowing research has documented distinct developmental sequelae in insecure and secure parent–child relationships, supporting a model of early attachment as moderating future developmental processes rather than, or in addition to, a source of direct effects. We explored maladaptive developmental implications of infants’ anger proneness in 102 community families. Anger was assessed in infancy through observations in the Car Seat episode and parents’ ratings. Children's security with parents was assessed in the Strange Situation paradigm at 15 months. At preschool age, child negativity (defiance and negative affect) was observed in interactions with the parent, and at early school age, oppositionality was rated by parents and teachers. Security was unrelated to infant anger; however, it moderated associations between infant anger and future maladaptive outcomes, such that highly angry infants embarked on a negative trajectory in insecure, but not in secure, parent–child dyads. For insecure, but not secure, mother–child dyads, infants’ mother-rated anger predicted negativity at preschool age. For insecure, but not secure, father–child dyads, infants’ anger in the Car Seat predicted father- and teacher-rated oppositional behavior at early school age. Results highlight the developmentally complex nature of the impact of attachment, depending on the relationship with mother versus father, type of measure, and timing of effects.

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