scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Depression Between Early Maladaptive Schema and Pain: A Structural Equation Modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najme Vakili ◽  
Fatemeh rezaei ◽  
Nasrin Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Maladaptive Schema

Abstract Background: Individuals with chronic pain frequently display comorbid depression. Depression and chronic pain may be related to childhood maltreatment and early distress. Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) designed to assess early distress. EMSs are at the core of personality pathology and psychological distress.Objective: The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that depression mediates the relationship between EMSs and pain.Methods: One hundred chronic pain patients completed Young’s Schema Questionnaire, McGill Pain Questionnaire and depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: We estimated two structural models; second model fitted the clinical sample well (chi2= 19.2; p= .31). In this model a latent variable (general maladaptive schema) was explored is directly associated with depression (β=0.39; p<0.01); Also depression is associated with the pain (β= -.57; p<0.01); General maladaptive schema had an indirect effect on pain that was mediated by depression (β= -.35; p<0.01). Conclusions: The results of the study suggested that early emotional maltreatment plays an important role in depression and pain in chronic pain patients. The model can help to adequate and establish targets for the psychological treatments included in multidisciplinary programs for this disorder.

Personality, Cognitive Appraisal and Adjustment in Chronic Pain Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mª Herrero ◽  
Carmen Ramírez-Maestre ◽  
Vanessa González
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Personality Patterns ◽  
Pain Patients

This study investigated the relationship between clinical personality patterns and cognitive appraisal as well as their repercussions on adjustment to chronic pain in a sample of 91 patients. It was predicted that clinical personality patterns would be related to adjustment and cognitive appraisal processes, whereas cognitive appraisals would be related to anxiety, depression and levels of perceived pain. The instruments used were as follows: the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, the Cognitive Appraisal Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann Whitney U-test were used to analyse the data obtained. The results show that certain clinical personality patterns were associated with poor adjustment to chronic pain. The use of cognitive appraisal of harm predicted higher anxiety levels and greater perceived pain in chronic pain patients. The use of cognitive appraisals of challenge predicted lower depression levels.

The Swedish version of the Insomnia Severity Index: Factor structure analysis and psychometric properties in chronic pain patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Dragioti ◽  
Tobias Wiklund ◽  
Peter Alföldi ◽  
Björn Gerdle
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Invariance Property ◽  
Insomnia Severity Index ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Insomnia Severity

AbstractObjectiveInsomnia is the most commonly diagnosed comorbidity disorder among patients with chronic pain. This circumstance requests brief and valid instruments for screening insomnia in epidemiological studies. The main object of this study was to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Swedish version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The ISI is a short instrument designed to measure clinical insomnia and one of the most common used scales both in clinical and research practice. However there is no study in Sweden that guarantees neither its factor structure nor its feasibility in chronic pain patients. We further examined the measurement invariance property of the ISI across the two sexes.MethodsThe ISI was administered to 836 (269 men and 567 women) chronic pain patients from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation. This study used demographic data, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Mental Summary Component (MSC) of the Health Survey (SF-36) and the item 7 from Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI). The sample was divided into two random halves: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed in the first sample (N1 = 334, 40%) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the second half of the sample (N2 = 502, 60%). The measurement and structural invariance of the proposed structure (4-item version) between the two sexes as well as reliability and validity indexes were further assessed.ResultsExploratory factor analysis using the principal axis factoring method generated one global factor structure for the ISI, explaining 63.1% of the total variance. The one factor solution was stable between the two sexes. Principal component analysis was also applied and indicated almost identical results. The structure was further assessed by CFA, resulting in an adequate fit only after omitting three items. The difference on structural and measurement invariance in the loadings by participants’ sex was not significant (Δχ2 = 10.6; df = 3; p = .69 and Δχ2 = 2.86; df = 3; p = 41 respectively). The shorter version four-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-4) was analysed further. The Chronbach’s alpha for the global ISI-4 score was 0.88. The construct validity of the ISI-4 was also supported by the, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mental Summary Component of quality of life and quality of sleep data. Pain intensity was significantly associated with the ISI-4 score (beta = .29, p < 001) whereas no significant correlation between four-item Insomnia Severity Index score and age was observed (p > 05).Conclusions and implicationsAlthough short, the four-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-4) version seemed to effectively assess insomnia in chronic pain patients. An important clinical implication is that the four-item Swedish Insomnia Severity Index can be used in chronic pain cohorts when screening for insomnia problems. Its measurement and structural invariance property across the two sexes shows that the ISI-4 is a valid measure of the insomnia across groups of chronic patients. Our results also suggest its utility both in pain clinical practice and research purposes.

scholarly journals Do Chronic Pain Patients Wish Spiritual Aspects to Be Integrated in Their Medical Treatment? A Cross-Sectional Study of Multiple Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hasenfratz ◽  
Hanspeter Moergeli ◽  
Haiko Sprott ◽  
André Ljutow ◽  
René Hefti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Resources ◽  
Pain Patients

Background: Chronic pain is a complex, multidimensional experience. Spirituality is hypothesized to impact pain experience in various ways. Nevertheless, the role that spirituality plays in multimodal pain therapy remains controversial and, to date, quantitative data on whether and for which patients spiritual aspects should be considered in the treatment of chronic pain is lacking. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the proportion and characteristics of patients with chronic pain who wish spiritual aspects to be integrated in their treatment.Methods: Two hundred nine patients with chronic pain were recruited from five inpatient departments and outpatient clinics in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Patients filled out validated questionnaires, such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Resilience Scale (RS-11), the Spiritual and Religious Attitudes in Dealing with Illness (SpREUK), and the 12-item Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12).Results: More than 60% (CI95%: 55.5–67.9%) of the patients wanted to address spiritual aspects in their treatment. These patients were significantly younger, had higher levels of education, and suffered from more frequent and more severe pain than patients who did not wish to address spiritual aspects. Furthermore, there were high correlations with existing spiritual resources and higher scores of spirituality.Conclusions: These results confirm that the majority of chronic pain patients wish spiritual aspects to be considered in their treatment. Additionally, the finding that these patients had more spiritual resources underlines the importance of integrating spiritual aspects in a resource-oriented, patient-centered care approach for this condition.

An Evaluation of the Depression Symptoms Level Using the Beck Depression Inventory Scale in Patients Receiving Acupuncture for Chronic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Hayriye Alp
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Pain Patients ◽  
Made In

Women respond more severely than men. Organs are living in acupuncture; vitality is provided by life energy called raw. Pathogens that interrupt the flow that blocks the raw flow form diseases. Acupuncture needles are placed in the special spot on the Bonghan channels to regulate the qi flow by electron transfer. This study made in GETAT Center, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty in 2018 between March and November, it was carried out with the approval of the ethics committee of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty 2018/1252. The study design is cross sectionel study; included 46 participants of female sex who had experienced chronic pain for approximately six months. Beck depression scale was applied to both sexes with chronic pain. Acupuncture was applied in different numbers according to the severity of the pain and the reasons for the illness. Senses were first performed at intervals of once a week, then once a week, then every 15 days. Sessions lasted 20 minutes. In fact, a decrease of five units was considered clinically significant. Each patient was informed about the procedure before acupuncture and an informed consent was obtained. Before beginning the acupuncture sessions, each patient was given a participant number and the BDI was administered. The scale was discussed with each patient personally. The BDI consists of 21 questions, including questions about the participants's mood during the previous week. Significant effect of time and visual analog scale were determined on depression score.(p<0.01) Before acupuncture Beck Depression score 15.±10.28, after acupuncture score 9±6.81. Acupuncture may be effective in treating chronic pain-related depressive symptoms. Acupuncture is a method that does not have any reliable side effects which can be applied in depressive symptoms in chronic pain patients. Comparative controlled studies are needed in patients with and without acupuncture.

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