scholarly journals Restoring a Butterfly Hot Spot by Large Ungulates Refaunation: The Case of the Milovice Military Training Range, Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvicka ◽  
David Ričl ◽  
Veronika Vodičková ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Miloslav Jirků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Wild Horse ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background: Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imperilled by successional changes. To study impacts of refaunation on invertebrates, we focused on butterflies inhabiting the former military training range Milovice, Czech Republic, refaunated since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”), and European wisent.Methods: We compared butterfly presence-absence patterns immediately after the military use termination (early 1990s), prior to the refaunation (2009), and after it (2016–19); and abundance data gained by monitoring butterflies at refaunated and neglected plots. We used correspondence analysis for presence-absence comparison and canonical correspondence analysis for quantitative data, and related results of both ordination methods to the life history, climatic, and conservation-related traits of recorded butterflies. Results: Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species inclining towards oceanic climates were lost. Newly gained species are more mobile and prefer warmer continental conditions. The numbers of butterfly species did not differ between refaunated and neglected plots, but the former hosted higher abundances. Butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported species developing on small forbs. Conclusion: The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use were attributable to successional change, coupled with climate-driven changes in species pool. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Restoring large ungulates populations represents a great hope for conserving specialised insects, provided that settings of the projects, and locally adapted ungulate densities, do not deplete resources for species with often contrasting requirements.

scholarly journals Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: The case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvicka ◽  
David Ričl ◽  
Veronika Vodičková ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Miloslav Jirků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background: Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas, whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imperilled by successional changes. To study impacts of refaunation on invertebrates, we focused on butterflies inhabiting the former military training range Milovice, Czech Republic, refaunated since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”) and European wisent.Methods: We compared butterfly presence-absence patterns immediately after the military use termination (early 1990s), prior to the refaunation (2009) and after it (2016–19); and quantitative data gained by monitoring butterflies at refaunated and neglected plots. We used the correspondence analysis for the presence-absence comparison and the canonical correspondence analysis for the quantitative data, and related results of both ordination methods to the life history, climatic and conservation-related traits of recorded butterflies. Results: Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species inclining towards oceanic climates were lost. Newly gained species are more mobile and prefer warmer continental conditions. The numbers of butterfly species did not differ between refaunated and neglected plots, but the former hosted higher abundances. Butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported species developing on small forbs. Conclusion: The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use were attributable to successional change, coupled with climate-driven changes in species pool. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Restoring large ungulates populations represents a great hope for conserving specialised insects, provided that settings of the projects, and locally adapted ungulate densities, do not deplete resources for species with often contrasting requirements.

scholarly journals Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: the case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvička ◽  
David Ričl ◽  
Veronika Vodičková ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Miloslav Jirků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military ◽  
Current Monitoring

Abstract Background Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imperilled by successional changes. To study impacts of refaunation on invertebrates, we focused on butterflies inhabiting the former military training range Milovice, Czech Republic, refaunated since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”), and European wisent. Methods We analysed butterfly presence-absence patterns immediately after the military use termination (early 1990s), prior to the refaunation (2009), and after it (2016–19); and current abundance data gained by monitoring butterflies at refaunated and neglected plots. We used correspondence analysis for the presence-absence comparison and canonical correspondence analysis for the current monitoring, and related results of both ordination methods to the life history and climatic traits, and conservation-related attributes, of recorded butterflies. Results Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species inclining towards oceanic climates were lost. Newly gained are mobile species preferring warmer continental conditions. The refaunated plots hosted higher butterfly species richness and abundances. Larger-bodied butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported smaller species developing on small forbs. Conclusion The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use were attributable to successional change, coupled with changes in species pool operating at larger scales. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Restoring large ungulates populations represents a great hope for conserving specialised insects, provided that settings of the projects, and locally adapted ungulate densities, do not deplete resources for species with often contrasting requirements.

scholarly journals Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: The case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvicka ◽  
David Ričl ◽  
Veronika Vodičková ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Miloslav Jirků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Wild Horse ◽  
Successional Change ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Cost Efficient

Abstract Background: Refaunation by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes. We studied butterflies inhabiting grasslands of the former Milovice military training range in the Czech Republic, grazed since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”) and European wisent. Methods: We compared presence-absence patterns from two surveys preceding the refaunation, one immediately after military use termination (early 1990s), the other prior to the refaunation (2009), with the current (2016–19) results of monitoring 8 grazed and 8 ungrazed plots. We analysed the life history, climatic and conservation-related traits of recorded butterflies to gain insights into the ungulates’ impacts. Results: Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species displaying broad oceanity niches were lost. Newly gained species are more mobile and prefer warmer continental conditions. Currently, numbers of butterfly species do not differ between refaunated and neglected plots, but the former hosted higher abundances. Butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported species developing on small forbs. Conclusion: The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use are attributable to successional change, coupled with climate-driven expansion of thermophilous and mobile species. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Preserving butterflies of late-successional stages is ensured by the diverse setting of the reserves and by the relatively low ungulate densities.

scholarly journals The Military Training Area Ralsko and the Army

Geografie ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
Aleš Komár
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Military Training ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Training Area ◽  
Landscape Protection

The article in its introduction deals with the problem of the former Military Training Area at Ralsko in the Czech Republic and its recent changes - the nature and landscape protection under the auspices of the Ministry of Defence and military administrations in the MTA, and deals with the consequences of the withdrawal of corps and discusses the damage caused by military training to the nature, soil and groundwater. In the conclusion the article evaluates the topical aspects of the area reutilisation.

scholarly journals The Military Training Area Ralsko and the Army

Geografie ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-199
Author(s):  
Aleš Komár
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Military Training ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Training Area ◽  
Landscape Protection

The article in its introduction deals with the problem of the former Military Training Area at Ralsko in the Czech Republic and its recent changes - the nature and landscape protection under the auspices of the Ministry of Defence and military administrations in the MTA, and deals with the consequences of the withdrawal of corps and discusses the damage caused by military training to the nature, soil and groundwater. In the conclusion the article evaluates the topical aspects ofthe area re-utilisation.

scholarly journals Delineating Conservation Areas for Cohabiting Species: An Example of Vernal Pond Conservation From Fort Stewart in Georgia, United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Hayri Önal ◽  
Sahan T. M. Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Gopher Tortoise ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Military Installation ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military

Military installations are valuable in global biodiversity conservation as they secure representative ecosystems from land conversion and protect many threatened or endangered species. Selecting suitable areas for biodiversity conservation within military installations is a challenging problem as this must not impede military training activities. The issue gets more complicated when considering multiple cohabiting species in a metacommunity with species dependency. In this paper, we present an example for the conservation of two cohabiting species, Gopher Tortoise (GT) and Gopher Frog (GF), located within the boundaries of a military installation, Fort Stewart, Georgia, United States. The GF depends on both locations of GT habitat (burrows) and ephemeral vernal ponds (for breeding). We develop a model that identifies the cost-efficient areas for the conservation of these two species while taking into account the dependency of GF on GT burrows. The model selects a specified number of conservation areas for the two species, where each GF conservation area covers an adequate number of vernal ponds for the GFs to accommodate their reproduction, and each GT conservation area provides adequate habitat quality to sustain a viable GT population. The model also requires each GF site to be located close to GT sites so that the GFs could find refuge after they leave the water. We use the total distance of selected sites to the main roads in the military installation as a proxy for the conservation cost. We achieve contiguity of each conservation area by selecting sites that are adjacent to a central site of the conservation area to ensure undisrupted travel for both the GFs and the GTs. Using the model, we generated alternative configurations of conservation areas that could be considered by the land managers of Fort Stewart. Our methods are general and can be applied to other reserve site selection and land management problems with cohabiting interrelated species.

Return of the Local Democracy to the Territory of the Military Training Areas (Case Study the Czech Republic)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-213
Author(s):  
Petr Klusáček ◽  
Stanislav Martinát ◽  
Tomáš Krejčí ◽  
Josef Kunc ◽  
Jan Hercik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Military Training ◽  
General Level ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Intermunicipal Cooperation ◽  
Military Training Areas ◽  
The Military

The return of the local democracy to the military training areas raises a number of complex challenges even under the conditions of a democratic state. In the municipalities that were established in the Czech Republic on 1 January 2016 by a separation from the territory of the military training areas, a nondemocratic paternalist system has dominated for many decades at the local level, which in some cases was deepened by a presence of the foreign Soviet army. While other municipalities in the post-communist period after 1989 have undergone a complex development and have gradually responded to new challenges (e.g., the use of subsidy titles, intermunicipal cooperation), and, in the case of the settlements in the territory of the military training area districts, nondemocratic local paternalism was preserved until the end of 2015. In the first phase of their term, the elected representatives of the local government primarily focused on securing the basic functions of the municipality (issues of housing and basic amenities of the village—school facilities, shops), saving local sights as remnants of historical memory, and developing cooperation within different networks of actors on a general level (e.g., issues of tourism development, environmental protection).

The Military-Training Decision

1935 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
M. M. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
The Military

Sophistication of Taiwan High School Military Training and Education System of Teacher Education Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Min Chuan Huang ◽  
Chao Yen Wu ◽  
Jang Ruey Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Military Training ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
The Military

This study sought to resolve the current imbalance of demand and supply of the military instructors on the campus in Taiwan. Having witnessed the importance of a sustainable supply of certified military instructors to support the all-people-defense-education, the study first reviewed two versions of teacher training programs carried out by the Ministry of Defense and normative colleges. After exposing the weaknesses of these two versions of selection practice, this study continued with its recommendation. It is hoped that with its suggested concept of building partnership via outsourcing, professional identity of the military instructors can be elevated and ascertained. Specific contributions of this study are: the National Defense Education Division made sophisticated system of teacher education and teacher key capabilities. Project commissioned by the National Defense Education recruitment agency approach teacher education ideas

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