scholarly journals Delineating Conservation Areas for Cohabiting Species: An Example of Vernal Pond Conservation From Fort Stewart in Georgia, United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicheng Wang ◽  
Hayri Önal ◽  
Sahan T. M. Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Gopher Tortoise ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Military Installation ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military

Military installations are valuable in global biodiversity conservation as they secure representative ecosystems from land conversion and protect many threatened or endangered species. Selecting suitable areas for biodiversity conservation within military installations is a challenging problem as this must not impede military training activities. The issue gets more complicated when considering multiple cohabiting species in a metacommunity with species dependency. In this paper, we present an example for the conservation of two cohabiting species, Gopher Tortoise (GT) and Gopher Frog (GF), located within the boundaries of a military installation, Fort Stewart, Georgia, United States. The GF depends on both locations of GT habitat (burrows) and ephemeral vernal ponds (for breeding). We develop a model that identifies the cost-efficient areas for the conservation of these two species while taking into account the dependency of GF on GT burrows. The model selects a specified number of conservation areas for the two species, where each GF conservation area covers an adequate number of vernal ponds for the GFs to accommodate their reproduction, and each GT conservation area provides adequate habitat quality to sustain a viable GT population. The model also requires each GF site to be located close to GT sites so that the GFs could find refuge after they leave the water. We use the total distance of selected sites to the main roads in the military installation as a proxy for the conservation cost. We achieve contiguity of each conservation area by selecting sites that are adjacent to a central site of the conservation area to ensure undisrupted travel for both the GFs and the GTs. Using the model, we generated alternative configurations of conservation areas that could be considered by the land managers of Fort Stewart. Our methods are general and can be applied to other reserve site selection and land management problems with cohabiting interrelated species.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antung Deddy Radiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

scholarly journals Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: The case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvicka ◽  
David Ričl ◽  
Veronika Vodičková ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Miloslav Jirků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background: Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas, whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imperilled by successional changes. To study impacts of refaunation on invertebrates, we focused on butterflies inhabiting the former military training range Milovice, Czech Republic, refaunated since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”) and European wisent.Methods: We compared butterfly presence-absence patterns immediately after the military use termination (early 1990s), prior to the refaunation (2009) and after it (2016–19); and quantitative data gained by monitoring butterflies at refaunated and neglected plots. We used the correspondence analysis for the presence-absence comparison and the canonical correspondence analysis for the quantitative data, and related results of both ordination methods to the life history, climatic and conservation-related traits of recorded butterflies. Results: Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species inclining towards oceanic climates were lost. Newly gained species are more mobile and prefer warmer continental conditions. The numbers of butterfly species did not differ between refaunated and neglected plots, but the former hosted higher abundances. Butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported species developing on small forbs. Conclusion: The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use were attributable to successional change, coupled with climate-driven changes in species pool. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Restoring large ungulates populations represents a great hope for conserving specialised insects, provided that settings of the projects, and locally adapted ungulate densities, do not deplete resources for species with often contrasting requirements.

scholarly journals TIPOLOGI INSTALASI MILITER JEPANG DI KOTA PALEMBANG, SUMATERA SELATAN

Siddhayatra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riyad Nes
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
Military Installation ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The military installation is a defense building that is specifically established,strengthened and closed, serves to protect an area or army from enemy attacks. The purpose of this paper is to find out the shape and function of military installations in the city of Palembang. This research method consists of the stages of data collection and special analysis using a spatial approach. The results of this study indicate that military installations in the city of Palembang have several forms, namely irregular shapes, U, rectangular, rectangular and circular / circular shapes. The function of the military installation is to maintain the oil mining area in the city of Palembang and as a base of defense and a place to spy on the enemy.

scholarly journals Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: the case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvička ◽  
David Ričl ◽  
Veronika Vodičková ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Miloslav Jirků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military ◽  
Current Monitoring

Abstract Background Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imperilled by successional changes. To study impacts of refaunation on invertebrates, we focused on butterflies inhabiting the former military training range Milovice, Czech Republic, refaunated since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”), and European wisent. Methods We analysed butterfly presence-absence patterns immediately after the military use termination (early 1990s), prior to the refaunation (2009), and after it (2016–19); and current abundance data gained by monitoring butterflies at refaunated and neglected plots. We used correspondence analysis for the presence-absence comparison and canonical correspondence analysis for the current monitoring, and related results of both ordination methods to the life history and climatic traits, and conservation-related attributes, of recorded butterflies. Results Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species inclining towards oceanic climates were lost. Newly gained are mobile species preferring warmer continental conditions. The refaunated plots hosted higher butterfly species richness and abundances. Larger-bodied butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported smaller species developing on small forbs. Conclusion The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use were attributable to successional change, coupled with changes in species pool operating at larger scales. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Restoring large ungulates populations represents a great hope for conserving specialised insects, provided that settings of the projects, and locally adapted ungulate densities, do not deplete resources for species with often contrasting requirements.

Unique Natural Values of the Military Training Area Záhories

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Milota Kustrová
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Military Training ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
Military Training Areas ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
The Military ◽  
Training Area

The article presents the results of natural science research on plant and animal communities in the military training area Záhorie. Nineteen habitats of Community Interest and six habitats of National Interest have been recorded in the area. The paper underlines the importance of the existing military training areas and military activities for biodiversity conservation, and also notes the need to implement measures to rescue valuable habitats.

scholarly journals Restoring a Butterfly Hot Spot by Large Ungulates Refaunation: The Case of the Milovice Military Training Range, Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Konvicka ◽  
David Ričl ◽  
Veronika Vodičková ◽  
Jiří Beneš ◽  
Miloslav Jirků
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Wild Horse ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background: Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imperilled by successional changes. To study impacts of refaunation on invertebrates, we focused on butterflies inhabiting the former military training range Milovice, Czech Republic, refaunated since 2015 by a combination of Exmoor pony (“wild” horse), Tauros cattle (“aurochs”), and European wisent.Methods: We compared butterfly presence-absence patterns immediately after the military use termination (early 1990s), prior to the refaunation (2009), and after it (2016–19); and abundance data gained by monitoring butterflies at refaunated and neglected plots. We used correspondence analysis for presence-absence comparison and canonical correspondence analysis for quantitative data, and related results of both ordination methods to the life history, climatic, and conservation-related traits of recorded butterflies. Results: Following the termination of military use, several poorly mobile species inclining towards oceanic climates were lost. Newly gained species are more mobile and prefer warmer continental conditions. The numbers of butterfly species did not differ between refaunated and neglected plots, but the former hosted higher abundances. Butterflies developing on coarse grasses and shrubs inclined towards neglected plots, whereas refaunated plots supported species developing on small forbs. Conclusion: The changes in species composition following the cessation of military use were attributable to successional change, coupled with climate-driven changes in species pool. By blocking succession, large ungulates support butterflies depending on competitively poor plants. Restoring large ungulates populations represents a great hope for conserving specialised insects, provided that settings of the projects, and locally adapted ungulate densities, do not deplete resources for species with often contrasting requirements.

The Washington Consensus, liberal ideas and terms of the military-technological policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2103-2123
Author(s):  
V.L. Gladyshevskii ◽  
E.V. Gorgola ◽  
D.V. Khudyakov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
The Military

Subject. In the twentieth century, the most developed countries formed a permanent military economy represented by military-industrial complexes, which began to perform almost a system-forming role in national economies, acting as the basis for ensuring national security, and being an independent military and political force. The United States is pursuing a pronounced militaristic policy, has almost begun to unleash a new "cold war" against Russia and to unwind the arms race, on the one hand, trying to exhaust the enemy's economy, on the other hand, to reindustrialize its own economy, relying on the military-industrial complex. Objectives. We examine the evolution, main features and operational distinctions of the military-industrial complex of the United States and that of the Russian Federation, revealing sources of their military-technological and military-economic advancement in comparison with other countries. Methods. The study uses military-economic analysis, scientific and methodological apparatus of modern institutionalism. Results. Regulating the national economy and constant monitoring of budget financing contribute to the rise of military production, especially in the context of austerity and crisis phenomena, which, in particular, justifies the irrelevance of institutionalists' conclusions about increasing transaction costs and intensifying centralization in the industrial production management with respect to to the military-industrial complex. Conclusions. Proving to be much more efficient, the domestic military-industrial complex, without having such access to finance as the U.S. military monopolies, should certainly evolve and progress, strengthening the coordination, manageability, planning, maximum cost reduction, increasing labor productivity, and implementing an internal quality system with the active involvement of the State and its resources.

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