scholarly journals Using a Screening Toolkit to Determine the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases in an Urban Slum of Mumbai, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Rungta ◽  
Andrew T. DeWan ◽  
Vijaykumar Gawali ◽  
Luc de Witte ◽  
Saria Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose ◽  
Slum Dwellers

Abstract Background: Higher than national rates of non-communicable diseases have been found in some urban slums of India. This has been attributed to potentially lower levels of education and decreased access to preventative care. We sought to assess the prevalence of NCDs in a Mumbai slum compared to national averages and understand the association with social determinants of health.Methods: We used a screening toolkit called THULSI (Toolkit for Healthy Urban Life in Slums Initiative) in a community health-camp setting to screen 266 slum dwellers for obesity (BMI above 25 kg/m2), elevated blood pressure (SBP > 120 mm of Hg and DBP > 80 mm of Hg), and elevated blood glucose (RPG > 200 mg/dL). A health survey was administered to understand the demographic data and information about health-seeking behavior of the slum dwellers. The collected data was analyzed to determine the prevalence of each condition and associations with different social determinants of health such as literacy and education level, diagnosis and marital status, age, gender, place of care, employment, availability of toilet, and languages spoken. Results: Of the screened population, 72.6% had elevated blood pressure, 9.0% had elevated blood glucose, 63.2% were obese, and 12.4% were overweight. These rates were 2.81, 1.04, and 3.84 times higher than the national averages, respectively. Of the study population, 26.7% had one condition, 53.4% had two conditions, and 7.9% had all the three conditions we screened for. Male gender (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.37, 8.07) and older age (35-49 years OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.05, 49-63 years OR: 7.22, 95% CI: 3.06, 17.05, >= 63 years OR: 6.82, 95% CI: 2.12, 22.00) were associated with increased odds of elevated blood pressure, not being previous diagnosed (OR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13) was associated with lower odds of elevated blood glucose, and older age (35-49 years OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.21, 49-63 years OR: 4.95, 95% CI: 2.06, 11.92) was associated with increased odds of obesity.Conclusion: We found higher than national rates of the NCDs and high comorbidity in the screened slum population of Mumbai. This signifies the need for screening services and the importance of awareness and education in this population.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Elevated Blood Pressure and Elevated Blood Glucose among Residents of Kajiado County, Kenya: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 6957
Author(s):  
Anita Nyaboke Ongosi ◽  
Calistus Wilunda ◽  
Patou Masika Musumari ◽  
Teeranee Techasrivichien ◽  
Chia-Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose

Kenya is experiencing a rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), yet data to inform effective interventions are limited. We investigated the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose and their determinants in a rapidly urbanizing area in Kenya. Data on socio-demographics, dietary and behavioural risk factors, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood glucose, plasma lipids and urinary biomarkers were collected from 221 men and 372 women (25–64 years). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed correlates of elevated blood pressure (EBP) and elevated blood glucose (EBG). Participants’ mean age was 38.0. ± 11.1 years. The prevalence rates of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 49.0% and 31.6% in men and 43.7% and 20.1% in women, respectively, while those of pre-diabetes and diabetes were 8.4% and 8.0% in men and 11.6% and 7.4% in women, respectively. The prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 was higher in women (60.2%) than in men (39.7%). However, both the risk of EBP and EBG were stronger among men than among women. The high prevalence rates of EBP, EBG and overweight/obesity coupled with low physical activity and low fruit and vegetable intake predispose this population to a higher NCD risk. Interventions to mitigate this risk considering the sex differences are urgently required.

Fasting blood glucose is independently associated with resting and exercise blood pressures and development of elevated blood pressure

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1383-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen V Bjørnholt ◽  
Gunnar Erikssen ◽  
Sverre E Kjeldsen ◽  
Johan Bodegård ◽  
Erik Thaulow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures

Older age and elevated blood pressure are risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Anderson ◽  
Labros Karagounis ◽  
Ann Allen ◽  
Mark J. Bradford ◽  
Ronald L. Menlove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Elevated Blood

scholarly journals Does Eating-Away-from-Home Increase the Risk of a Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yingjie Yu ◽  
Xu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Young Females

Rising frequency of eating-away-from-home (EAFH) is suspected to be correlated with several non-communicable diseases. This study adopted the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009 data to investigate the association between being diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and EAFH at different ages. Results showed that the association between EAFH and MetS varied at different ages and differed for males and females. EAFH was positively associated with a higher risk of getting MetS for males, especially for those aged between 45 and 60; while it was negatively associated with the risk of getting MetS for young females (<45) (all p < 0.05). In particular, EAFH was associated with a lower risk of getting high serum triglycerides (TGs), abdominal adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose for young females, while higher risk of high serum TGs, abdominal adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose for middle-aged males (all p < 0.05). In addition, a higher frequency of EAFH was associated with a higher risk of abdominal adiposity and elevated blood pressure for older women, and a lower risk of elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting blood glucose for younger men (all p < 0.05). Our study implies that heterogeneous target strategies for preventing MetS in different subpopulation should be considered.

scholarly journals The human microbiota is associated with cardiometabolic risk across the epidemiologic transition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Fei ◽  
Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé ◽  
Louise Lie ◽  
Danny Baghdan ◽  
Kweku Bedu-Addo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Cut Points

AbstractOral and fecal microbial biomarkers have previously been associated with cardiometabolic (CM) risk, however, no comprehensive attempt has been made to explore this association in minority populations or across different geographic regions. We characterized gut- and oral-associated microbiota and CM risk in 655 participants of African-origin, aged 25-45, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, and the United States (US). CM risk was classified using the CM risk cut-points for elevated waist circumference, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and elevated triglycerides. Gut-associated bacterial alpha diversity negatively correlated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasted blood glucose. Similarly, gut bacterial beta diversity was also significantly differentiated by waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceridemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. Notably, differences in inter- and intra-personal gut microbial diversity were geographic-region specific. Participants meeting the cut-points for 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors were significantly more enriched with Lachnospiraceae, and were significantly depleted of Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, andPrevotella. The predicted relative proportions of the genes involved in the pathways for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and butyrate synthesis were also significantly differentiated by the CM risk phenotype, whereby genes involved in the butyrate synthesis via lysine, glutarate and 4-aminobutyrate/succinate pathways and LPS synthesis pathway were enriched in participants with greater CM risk. Furthermore, inter-individual oral microbiota diversity was also significantly associated with the CM risk factors, and oral-associatedStreptococcus, Prevotella, andVeillonellawere enriched in participants with 3 out of the 5 CM risk factors. We demonstrate that in a diverse cohort of African-origin adults, CM risk is significantly associated with reduced microbial diversity, and the enrichment of specific bacterial taxa and predicted functional traits in both gut and oral environments. As well as providing new insights into the associations between the gut and oral microbiota and CM risk, this study also highlights the potential for novel therapeutic discoveries which target the oral and gut microbiota in CM risk.

ROLE OF THE THYROID GLAND IN DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF RENAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (III) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin J. Fregly ◽  
Kenneth M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Testicular Size

ABSTRACT The anti-thyroid drugs, thiouracil, propylthiouracil, and methimazole, prevented both development of elevated blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy usually accompanying kidney encapsulation with latex envelopes. These drugs also reduced elevated blood pressure of rats with hypertension of 13 to 40 weeks' duration prior to drug administration. Addition of desiccated thyroid powder to diet containing an anti-thyroid drug overcame the anti-hypertensive effect of the latter. Withdrawal of thyroid powder only was followed by return of blood pressure to previous low level within 3 weeks. The results suggest that the anti-hypertensive effect of these drugs is related directly to the hypothyroidism produced rather than to extrathyroidal effects of the drugs. Comparison of potencies of the 3 drugs in terms of anti-hypertensive effect, inhibition of growth rate, increase in testicular size, and increase in thyroid size suggests that propylthiouracil and methimazole are equally potent per unit weight of drug. Thiouracil has approximately half the potency of the other two.

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