scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis In Rosa Chinensis CV. ‘Parson’s Pink China’

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Cai ◽  
Lintao Tang ◽  
Haixia Chen ◽  
Yufan Li ◽  
Rong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Rosa Chinensis ◽  
Induction Rate ◽  
Secondary Embryos ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract This study investigated the effects of explant type, plant growth regulator concentration, callis status, medium conversion time, and medium tilt on the growth of rose somatic embryos. The results showed that Rosa chinensis cv. ‘Parson’s Pink China’ leaves could induce normal embryogenic calli but petioles could not. When the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration was 3.0 mg/L, the callis induction rate was the highest in the embryo proliferation medium (EP medium) supplemented with 0.5mg/L kinetin, and white and reddish-brown translucent calli were the main type of embryogenic calli induced. As the culture time in EP medium was extended, the relative induction rate for secondary embryos and multicotyledon secondary embryos gradually increased when transferred to embryo maturation medium (EM medium), but the induction rate for somatic embryos decreased. Placing the EM medium at an angle of 45° made the somatic embryos germinate faster and the germination rate was also higher. The germination buds produced by the somatic embryos with two cotyledons showed the fastest germination and greatest survival rates. The results of this experiment will help improve somatic embryo regeneration rates and explore new ways of regeneration, and lays the foundation for further optimization of the somatic embryo genetic transformation system.

Two alternative pathways of somatic embryo origin from polyembryonic mature stored seeds of Pinus koraiensis Sieb et Zucc.

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Bozhkov ◽  
I. S. Ahn ◽  
Y. G. Park
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryo Origin

Individual mature stored seeds of Pinus koraiensis sometimes contain several viable zygotic embryos originated through the processes of simple and cleavage polyembryony. To induce the embryonic process, isolated zygotic embryos were cultured on five different media all supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 5 μM 6-benzyladenine. Two alternative pathways of somatic embryo origin were revealed. The first pathway was associated with the production of a friable, translucent callus in the hypocotyls–cotyledon region of the dominant zygotic embryo. The second pathway was related to the proliferation of a translucent, moist, and mucilaginous tissue (termed embryonal–suspensor mass) in the suspensor region of the dominant zygotic embryo. Both types of tissues contained early somatic embryos. Regression analysis has shown a strong negative correlation between the frequencies of formation of embryogenic callus and embryonal–suspensor mass both at 3 and 8 weeks of culture (r = − 0.85; p = 0.07 and r = −0.71; p = 0.17, respectively). Key words: Pinus koraiensis; polyembryonal seeds; somatic embryogenesis; embryogénie callus; embryonal–suspensor mass.

scholarly journals Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Gentiana straminea Maxim

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guomin Shi ◽  
Lina Yang ◽  
Tao He
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Protoplast Culture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Solid Liquid

AbstractA protocol is described for plant regeneration from protoplasts of Gentiana straminea Maxim. via somatic embryogenesis. Protoplasts were isolated from embryogenic calli in an enzyme solution composed of 2% Cellulase Onozuka R-10, 0.5% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Hemicellulase, and 0.5 M sorbitol with a yield of 3.0 × 106 protoplasts per gram of fresh weight. Liquid, solid-liquid double layer (sLD) and agar-pool (aPL) culture systems were used for protoplast culture. The aPL culture was the only method that produced embryogenic, regenerative calli. With aPL culture, the highest frequencies of protoplast cell division and colony formation were 39.6% and 16.9%, respectively, on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L N6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Microcalli were transferred to solid MS medium containing a reduced concentration of 2,4-D (0.5 mg/L) to promote the formation of embryogenic calli. Somatic embryos developed into plantlets on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA at a rate of 43.7%.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis in Four Tree Legumes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premananda Das
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Friable Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Somatic embryogenesis was achieved in four leguminous tree species, that is, Acacia catechu, Acacia arabica, Hardwickia binata, and Dalbergia sissoo using immature zygotic embryos as explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25–1.0 mg/l Kn (kinetin) and 2.0–3.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) or NAA (1-napthaleneacetic acid) and 3% sucrose. MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.0–1.5 mg/l Kn was noted to be most effective in inducing friable embryogenic callus (FEC); the number of somatic embryos per culture varied in MS medium supplemented with 1.0–2.0 mg/l 2,4-D or NAA and 0.25–1.5 mg/l kinetin. The maximum number of somatic embryos was obtained in MS medium containing 1.5–2.0 mg/l 2,4-D or NAA and 1.0–1.5 mg/l kinetin; proliferation of embryogenic calli was enhanced in cultures having 1.0–2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 1.0–1.5 mg/l kinetin, and 400–600 mg/l L-Proline. The somatic embryos in various shapes and sizes after the first subculture on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IAA and 0.25 mg/l BA; developed shoots and rooted in strength MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA or IAA. The somatic embryo-derived plantlets were transferred to the field after being hardened in the climate-controlled hardening chamber.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GENOTYPE ON THE in vitro REGENERATION OF Stevia rebaudiana VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Julia Naranjo ◽  
Osman Fernandez Betin ◽  
Aura Inés Urrea Trujillo ◽  
Ricardo Callejas Posada ◽  
Lucía Atehortúa Garcés
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Embryogenic Response

<p class="p1"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="p2"><em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> (Asteraceae) is a plant of economic importance because of its medicinal properties and the presence of sweetener compounds on its leaves. These compounds can be a substitute for sucrose in a wide variety of products used by persons with diabetes and obesity problems. To standardize an efficient and effective propagation method for the different Stevia genotypes grown in Colombia, this study evaluated the effect of different combinations of the plant growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 6-(gamma, gamma-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP) and Zeatin on the induction and development of somatic embryos. Adenine and coconut water were also evaluated as supplements in the basal culture medium Murashige and Skoog Basal Salt Mixture (MS) with glutamine. The combination of 2,4-D (18.09 μM) and 2iP (7.38 μM) produced the highest number of somatic embryos per explant, which had well-defined characteristics. The genotype showed a significant effect on the embryogenic response. In the “SRQ-93” genotype, the formation and development of somatic embryos was achieved, whereas the genotypes “Bertoni” and “Morita II” only yielded embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli, respectively. The conversion to seedlings was achieved on the regeneration medium containing gibberellic acid (GA<span class="s1">3</span>) (0.29 μM) and activated charcoal. </p><p class="p1"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p class="p2"><em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> (Asteraceae), es una planta de gran importancia económica debido a sus propiedades medicinales y a la presencia de compuestos endulzantes en sus hojas, los cuales pueden sustituir la sacarosa en gran variedad de productos utilizados por personas con problemas de diabetes y obesidad. Con el propósito de estandarizar un método de propagación eficiente y efectivo para diferentes genotipos de Stevia cultivados en Colombia, en la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto sobre la inducción y desarrollo de embriones somáticos de diferentes combinaciones de los reguladores de crecimiento vegetal 2,4-D, IAA, IBA, 2iP y Zeatina, además de los suplementos adenina y agua de coco en el medio de cultivo basal Murashige y Skoog (1962), adicionado con glutamina. Con la combinación 2,4-D (18.09 μM) y 2iP (7.38 μM) se obtuvo el mayor número embriones somáticos por explante con características bien definidas. El genotipo tuvo un efecto significativo en la repuesta embriogénica, en el genotipo “SRQ-93” se logró la formación y el desarrollo de embriones somáticos, mientras que en los genotipos “Bertoni” y “Morita II”, solo se obtuvo callo embriogénico y no embriogénico respectivamente. La conversión a plántulas se alcanzó en el medio de regeneración conteniendo GA3 (0.29 μM) y carbón activado.</p><p class="p2"> </p>

Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from embryos isolated from stored seeds of Picea glauca

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

White spruce (Picea glauca) embryogenic callus was obtained using 3- to 11-year-old seeds as a source of zygotic embryos. They were cultured on half-strength Litvay's medium supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 5 μM benzylaminopurine, 1 g/L casein hydrolysate, 500 mg/L glutamine, and 1% sucrose. The frequency of induction of embryogenic callus was significantly improved by incubation at 25 °C and by a 4-h imbibition of the seeds. The yield of embryogenic callus was significantly affected by the geographic provenance of the seeds and by their number of years in storage. A significant correlation was also found between the yield of embryogénie callus and the percentage of germination of the seedlot used. Even after 11 years of storage, 40% of the zygotic embryos could produce an embryogenic callus when dissected from seeds with a high germination rate. Somatic embryos were matured after transfer onto an embryo development medium composed of the same medium but including 6% sucrose, 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 5 μM kinetin. The somatic embryos developed further under in vitro conditions and were then transplanted into soil. The somatic embryoderived plantlets established in the greenhouse were similar to control plantlets obtained from germinated seeds. Mature embryos from stored seeds were shown to constitute a valuable source for white spruce somatic embryogenesis.

Regeneration of Robiniapseudoacacia via somatic embryogenesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Merkle ◽  
A. T. Wiecko
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Secondary Embryogenesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Free Media

Tissue cultures were initiated from developing seeds of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) collected from three trees at weekly intervals from 1 week following anthesis until early fruit maturity. Explants were cultured on media containing 0, 2, or 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0 or 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine. Seeds explanted onto hormone-supplemented media remained on these media for 1 or 3 weeks before being placed on hormone-free media, or were maintained on hormone-supplemented media for the entire study. Direct somatic embryogenesis was observed in a single culture, initiated from a seed collected 4 weeks after anthesis and cultured for 1 week on a medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine before transfer to basal medium. Although it could not be discerned from which part of the explant somatic embryos were derived, secondary embryogenesis continued from the radicles of cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Most somatic embryos were well formed, with two distinct cotyledons. Embryos germinated precociously, producing plantlets that were initially weak but later gained vigor and resembled seedlings.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION OF β-GLUCURONIDASE GENE INTO GINSENG (PANAX CINSENG) BY A TI-PLASMID VECTOR SYSTEM AND ITS EXPRESSION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 621e-621
Author(s):  
Jang R. Liu ◽  
Haeng S. Lee ◽  
Suk W. Kim ◽  
Hyo W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Binary Vector ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Plasmid Vector ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Gus Gene ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

β-Glucuronidase (GUS) gene of Escherichia coli was introduced into ginseng cells by an Agrobacterium binary vector system and expressed in somatic embryos derived from the cells. A binary vector pBI121 carrying CaMV 35S promoter-GUS gene fusion and a neomycin phosphotransferase gene as selection marker was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. Zygotic embryo cotyledonary segments were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens and transferred to the medium containg 1 mg 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/liter, 0.5 mg kinetin/liter, and 100 mg kanamycin/liter. Kanamycin-resistant calli were formed after 3 to 4 weeks of culture. Southern analysis confirmed the resistant calli were transformed with GUS gene. High GUS activities were detected in somatic embryos developed from the calli.

scholarly journals Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Tapiscia sinensis Oliv., an Endemic and Endangered Species in China

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1558-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyu Wang ◽  
Faju Chen ◽  
Yubing Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Hongwei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Induction Rate

High-frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were achieved from immature cotyledonary-stage embryos in the endangered plant, Tapiscia sinensis Oliv. Plant growth regulators with different concentrations and combinations on embryogenesis capacity were studied. The optimal explants for in vitro somatic embryogenesis were immature embryos in T. sinensis. A high callus induction rate of 100% was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·Ll−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5% (w/v) activated charcoal. Alternatively, a high induction rate (96.16%) of somatic embryogenesis was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with the combination of 0.05 mg·L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.2 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and somatic embryos proliferated fastest on the mentioned medium supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) activated charcoal and 3% (w/v) sucrose, inoculation of explants proliferating 21 times in the 23-day subculture. Of the 100 plantlets transferred to field after the acclimation, 95 (95%) survived. Based on the histocytological observations, the development of somatic embryos was similar to that of zygotic embryos. There were two accumulation peaks of starch grains in the embryogenic calli and in the globular-stage embryos, both closely related to the energy supply, and the embryoids were of multicelluar origin.

scholarly journals High Frequency Plant Regeneration System from Transverse Thin Cell Layer Section of In vitro Derived ‘Nadia’ Ginger Microrhizome

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dikash Singh THINGBAIJAM ◽  
Devi Sunitibala HUIDROM
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Thin Cell Layer ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Transverse Thin Cell Layer ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

An efficient and reproducible procedure is outlined for rapid in vitro multiplication of Zingiber officinale var. ‘Nadia’ through high frequency shoot proliferation from transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) sections of in vitro derived microrhizome. In vitro derived microrhizome of size 500 μm in thickness was used as initial explants for induction of somatic embryos. Among the different phytohormones tested, tTCL explants shows maximum calli proliferation in medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (88.30±0.11%). Reduced concentration of 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was supplemented with different cytokinins for regeneration of callus. Among the different medium tested, optimum redifferentiation of somatic embryos were observed in medium containing 0.2 mg/L 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6.0 mg/L BAP (141.08±0.25). Clump of regenerated plantlets were further subculture and transfer into microrhizome inducing medium containing high sucrose concentration (8%). Plantlets with well developed microrhizome were successfully acclimatized and eventually transferred to the field. The application of studying embryo section for regeneration of plants might be useful alternative to ginger improvement programme. Histological analysis showed formation of somatic embryos and regenerated adventitious shoot.

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kulothungan ◽  
A. Ganapathi ◽  
A. Shajahan ◽  
K. Kathiravan
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cotyledonary Stage

Embryogenic callus was induced from seedling leaf explants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C152 on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg 1−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The maximum frequency of somatic embryogenesis was noticed when this callus was transferred to MS liquid medium supplemented with 2 mg 1−1 2,4-D. Further studies on ontogeny of somatic embryos showed that the cells destined to become somatic embryos divided into spherical or filamentous proembryos. Subsequent divisions in the proembryo led to globular, heart, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Tiny plantlets were obtained by transferring the cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos to MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg 1−1 2,4-D.

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