scholarly journals The General Relativistic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Grant Taylor
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Escape Velocity ◽  
Decay Energy ◽  
General Relativistic

Abstract The Equations from General Einstein's Relativity Theory can also be framed from a Relativistically distorted perspective. General relativity slows gravitons reducing the force, so escape velocity is limited to c. Atomic structure bosons slowing makes all elements subject to decay. Energy from slowing boson structure particles would increase matter particle velocity. The lower the atomic weight, the greater the speed, so hydrogen escapes in the most significant amounts. Distortion would never be imaginary.

scholarly journals The General Relativistic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Escape Velocity ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Absolute Limit ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Time Distortion

Abstract This paper formulates additional General Relativistic [GR] equations. They do not contradict General Relativity. They examine Dr. Einstein’s equations from a Relativistically distorted Perspective. The equations examine the distorted Escape velocity [vesc]a GR object, determining its Real vesc after the distortions of Relativity slow Bosons||Gravitons. In contrast to the variables in the Classical equations of Relativity, variables are more specific in their own respect and in their relationship to vesc, not simply the Time distortion. The values for the quantities of rate (Time and Velocity) are the quantities for zero vesc ||zero deformation. The slowdown of all Bosons also can be showed to mean an absolute limit to vesc. The form of all atoms is not the permanent thing supposed in current thinking. Slowdown of atomic structure Bosons would mean all elements subject to decay. The energy in Boson Structure particles would mean a increase in in particle velocity. With a light speed limit to vesc, all Elements could eventually escape. Hydrogen would be the most likely, with a transformation of free energy into the Kinetic energy needed for escape.

scholarly journals New full relativistic escape velocity and new Hubble related equation for the universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-514
Author(s):  
Espen Gaarder Haug
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Friedmann Equation ◽  
Taylor Series Expansion ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Escape Velocity ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Related Equation ◽  
Planck Mass ◽  
Cosmological Redshift

The escape velocity derived from general relativity coincides with the Newtonian one. However, the Newtonian escape velocity can only be a good approximation when v ≪ c is sufficient to break free of the gravitational field of a massive body, as it ignores higher-order terms of the relativistic kinetic energy Taylor series expansion. Consequently, it does not work for a gravitational body with a radius at which v is close to c such as a black hole. To address this problem, we revisit the concept of relativistic mass, abandoned by Einstein, and derive what we call a full relativistic escape velocity. This approach leads to a new escape radius, where ve = c equal to a half of the Schwarzschild radius. Furthermore, we show that one can derive the Friedmann equation for a critical universe from the escape velocity formula from general relativity theory. We also derive a new equation for a flat universe based on our full relativistic escape velocity formula. Our alternative to the Friedmann formula predicts exactly twice the mass density in our (critical) universe as the Friedmann equation after it is calibrated to the observed cosmological redshift. Our full relativistic escape velocity formula also appears more consistent with the uniqueness of the Planck mass (particle) than the general relativity theory: whereas the general relativity theory predicts an escape velocity above c for the Planck mass at a radius equal to the Planck length, our model predicts an escape velocity c in this case.

scholarly journals New proof of general relativity through the correct physical interpretation of the Mössbauer rotor experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 1847016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Corda
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Rotating Frame ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Rotor Experiment ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Relativistic Treatment

In this paper, we give a correct interpretation of a historical experiment by Kündig on the transverse Doppler shift in a rotating system (Mössbauer rotor experiment). This experiment has been recently first reanalyzed, and then replied by an experimental research group. The results of reanalyzing the experiment have shown that a correct re-processing of Kündig’s experimental data gives an interesting deviation of a relative redshift between emission and absorption resonant lines from the standard prediction based on the relativistic dilatation of time. Subsequent new experimental results by the reply of Kündig experiment have shown a deviation from the standard prediction even higher. By using the Equivalence Principle (EP), which states the equivalence between the gravitational “force” and the pseudo-force experienced by an observer in a noninertial frame of reference (included a rotating frame of reference), here the theoretical framework of the Mössbauer rotor experiment is reanalyzed directly in the rotating frame of reference through a general relativistic treatment. It will be shown that previous analyses missed an important effect of clock synchronization. By adding this new effect, the correct general relativistic prevision is in perfect agreement with the new experimental results. Such an effect of clock synchronization has been missed in various papers in the literature, with some subsequent claim of invalidity of the relativity theory and/or some attempts to explain the experimental results through “exotic” effects. The general relativistic interpretation in this paper shows, instead that the new experimental results of the Mössbauer rotor experiment are a new, strong and independent proof of general relativity.

Beyond the Schwarzschild Metric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wittman
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Test Particle ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Relativistic Effects ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Clusters Of Galaxies ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
The Universe

General relativity explains much more than the spacetime around static spherical masses.We briefly assess general relativity in the larger context of physical theories, then explore various general relativistic effects that have no Newtonian analog. First, source massmotion gives rise to gravitomagnetic effects on test particles.These effects also depend on the velocity of the test particle, which has substantial implications for orbits around black holes to be further explored in Chapter 20. Second, any changes in the sourcemass ripple outward as gravitational waves, and we tell the century‐long story from the prediction of gravitational waves to their first direct detection in 2015. Third, the deflection of light by galaxies and clusters of galaxies allows us to map the amount and distribution of mass in the universe in astonishing detail. Finally, general relativity enables modeling the universe as a whole, and we explore the resulting Big Bang cosmology.

scholarly journals Does general relativity highlight necessary connections in nature?

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Einstein Field Equations ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Bianchi Identities ◽  
Physical Role ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Differential Relations ◽  
Necessary Connections

AbstractThe dynamics of general relativity is encoded in a set of ten differential equations, the so-called Einstein field equations. It is usually believed that Einstein’s equations represent a physical law describing the coupling of spacetime with material fields. However, just six of these equations actually describe the coupling mechanism: the remaining four represent a set of differential relations known as Bianchi identities. The paper discusses the physical role that the Bianchi identities play in general relativity, and investigates whether these identities—qua part of a physical law—highlight some kind of a posteriori necessity in a Kripkean sense. The inquiry shows that general relativistic physics has an interesting bearing on the debate about the metaphysics of the laws of nature.

Hermann Weyl's Analysis of the “Problem of Space” and the Origin of Gauge Structures

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhard Scholz
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dirac Equation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Group Extension ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
German Word ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Empirical Turn ◽  
Relativistic Framework ◽  
Internal Symmetries

Hermann Weyl (1885–1955) was one of the early contributors to the mathematics of general relativity. This article argues that in 1929, for the formulation of a general relativistic framework of the Dirac equation, he both abolished and preserved in modified form the conceptual perspective that he had developed earlier in his “analysis of the problem of space.” The ideas of infinitesimal congruence from the early 1920s were aufgehoben (in all senses of the German word) in the general relativistic framework for the Dirac equation. He preserved the central idea of gauge as a “purely infinitesimal” aspect of (internal) symmetries in a group extension schema. With respect to methodology, however, Weyl gave up his earlier preferences for relatively a-priori arguments and tried to incorporate as much empiricism as he could. This signified a clearly expressed empirical turn for him. Moreover, in this step he emphasized that the mathematical objects used for the representation of matter structures stood at the center of the construction, rather than interaction fields which, in the early 1920s, he had considered as more or less derivable from geometrico-philosophical considerations.

scholarly journals Vaidya solutions in general covariant Hořava–Lifshitz gravity without projectability: Infrared limit

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 1450068 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Goldoni ◽  
M. F. A. da Silva ◽  
G. Pinheiro ◽  
R. Chan
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gauge Field ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Covariant Theory ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Theory U ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Infrared Limit ◽  
Symmetric Spacetime

In this paper, we have studied nonstationary radiative spherically symmetric spacetime, in general covariant theory (U(1) extension) of Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity without the projectability condition and in the infrared (IR) limit. The Newtonian prepotential φ was assumed null. We have shown that there is not the analogue of the Vaidya's solution in the Hořava–Lifshitz Theory (HLT), as we know in the General Relativity Theory (GRT). Therefore, we conclude that the gauge field A should interact with the null radiation field of the Vaidya's spacetime in the HLT.

All classical predictions of general relativity from special relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (29) ◽  
pp. 1850169
Author(s):  
J. H. Field
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Hamiltonian Dynamics ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Light Deflection ◽  
Schwarzschild Metric ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Relativistic Hamiltonian Dynamics

Previous special relativistic calculations of gravitational redshift, light deflection and Shapiro delay are extended to include perigee advance. The three classical, order G, post-Newtonian predictions of general relativity as well as general relativistic light-speed-variation are therefore shown to be also consequences of special relativistic Newtonian mechanics in Euclidean space. The calculations are compared to general relativistic ones based on the Schwarzschild metric equation, and related literature is critically reviewed.

Propagators and commutators in general relativity

1962 ◽  
Vol 270 (1342) ◽  
pp. 342-345 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Free Fields

In this contribution, my purpose is to study a new mathematical instrument introduced by me in 1958-9: the tensor and spinor propagators. These propagators are extensions of the scalar propagator of Jordan-Pauli which plays an important part in quantum-field theory. It is possible to construct, with these propagators, commutators and anticommutators for the various free fields, in the framework of general relativity theory (see Lichnerowicz 1959 a, b, c , 1960, 1961 a, b, c ; and for an independent introduction of propagators DeWitt & Brehme 1960).

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