scholarly journals Sagittal Abdominal Diameter and its Socioeconomic Correlates: Perspective of Sex Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Marcelline Harris ◽  
Dennis Tsilimingras ◽  
Sophia Liu ◽  
Ying Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
Birth Place ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. The aims of this study are to examine the sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates.Methods A complex stratified multistage clustered sampling design was used to select 6,975 men and 7,079 women aged 18 years or more from the National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 2011-2016, representative of the US civilian non-institutionalized population. SAD was measured in accordance to the standard protocols using a two-arm abdominal caliper. The sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates were evaluated by performing weighted independent t tests and weighted multiple regression. Results SAD was lower in women than in men in the entire sample, as well as in all the subgroups characterized by age, race, birth place, household income, and body mass index except for non-Hispanic blacks and those with household income < $20,000. Adjusted for other characteristics, age, birth place, household income, and body mass index were associated with SAD in both women and men. Black women were associated with higher SAD then white women (p<.0001), and Hispanic and Asian men were associated with lower SAD than white men (both p<.01). Women born in other countries were more likely to have lower SAD than women born in the US (p<.0001), and so were men (p=.0118). Both women and men with a household income of <$75,000 had higher SAD than those with an income of over $75,000. The associations of age, race, and household income with SAD differed in women and men.Conclusion SAD is lower in women than in men, in the general population as well as in the most socio-economic subgroups. While socio-economic correlates of SAD are similar in women and men, the associations of age, race, and household income with SAD vary across sex.

scholarly journals Sagittal abdominal diameter and its socioeconomic correlates: perspective of sex differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Marcelline Harris ◽  
Dennis Tsilimingras ◽  
Sophia Z. Liu ◽  
Ying Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
Birth Place ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. The aims of this study are to examine the sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates. Methods A complex stratified multistage clustered sampling design was used to select 6975 men and 7079 women aged 18 years or more from the National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 2011–2016, representative of the US civilian non-institutionalized population. SAD was measured in accordance to the standard protocols using a two-arm abdominal caliper. The sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates were evaluated by performing weighted independent t tests and weighted multiple regression. Results SAD was lower in women than in men in the entire sample, as well as in all the subgroups characterized by age, race, birth place, household income, and body mass index except for non-Hispanic blacks and those with household income < $20,000. Adjusted for other characteristics, age, birth place, household income, and body mass index were associated with SAD in both women and men. Black women were associated with higher SAD then white women (p < .0001), and Hispanic and Asian men were associated with lower SAD than white men (both p < .01). Women born in other countries were more likely to have lower SAD than women born in the US (p < .0001), and so were men (p = .0118). Both women and men with a household income of <$75,000 had higher SAD than those with an income of over $75,000. The associations of age, race, and household income with SAD differed in women and men. Conclusion SAD is lower in women than in men, in the general population as well as in the most socio-economic subgroups. While socio-economic correlates of SAD are similar in women and men, the associations of age, race, and household income with SAD vary across sex.

scholarly journals Sagittal Abdominal Diameter and its Socioeconomic Correlates: Perspective of Sex Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Marcelline Harris ◽  
Dennis Tsilimingras ◽  
Sophia Liu ◽  
Ying Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
Birth Place ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. The aims of this study are to examine the sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates.Methods A complex stratified multistage clustered sampling design was used to select 6,975 men and 7,079 women aged 18 years or more from the National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 2011-2016, representative of the US civilian non-institutionalized population. SAD was measured in accordance to the standard protocols using a two-arm abdominal caliper. The sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates were evaluated by performing weighted independent t tests and weighted multiple regression. Results SAD was lower in women than in men in the entire sample, as well as in all the subgroups characterized by age, race, birth place, household income, and body mass index except for non-Hispanic blacks and those with household income < $20,000. Adjusted for other characteristics, age, birth place, household income, and body mass index were associated with SAD in both women and men. Black women were associated with higher SAD then white women (p<.0001), and Hispanic and Asian men were associated with lower SAD than white men (both p<.01). Women born in other countries were more likely to have lower SAD than women born in the US (p<.0001), and so were men (p=.0118). Both women and men with a household income of <$75,000 had higher SAD than those with an income of over $75,000. The associations of age, race, and household income with SAD differed in women and men.Conclusion SAD is lower in women than in men, in the general population as well as in the most socio-economic subgroups. While socio-economic correlates of SAD are similar in women and men, the associations of age, race, and household income with SAD vary across sex.

scholarly journals Sagittal Abdominal Diameter and its Socioeconomic Correlates: Perspective of Sex Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Marcelline Harris ◽  
Dennis Tsilimingras ◽  
Sophia Liu ◽  
Ying Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
Anthropometric Index ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. The aims of this study are to examine the sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates.Methods A complex stratified multistage clustered sampling design was used to select 6,975 men and 7,079 women aged 18 years or more from the National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 2011-2016, representative of the US civilian non-institutionalized population. SAD was measured in accordance to the standard protocols using a two-arm abdominal caliper. The sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates were evaluated by performing weighted independent t tests and weighted multiple regression. Results SAD was lower in women than in men in the entire sample, as well as in all subgroups characterized by age, race, body mass index, birth place, and household income except for non-Hispanic blacks and those with household income < $20,000. Adjusted for other characteristics, SAD increased with age and body mass index for both women and men (p<.0001). Compared to white women, Asian women were associated with lower SAD (p=.018), and black women with higher SAD (p<.0001). Compared to white men, Hispanic and Asian men were associated with lower SAD (both p<.0001). Women born in other countries were more likely to have lower SAD than women born in the US (p<.0001), and so were men (p=.0118). Both women and men with a household income of <$75,000 had higher SAD than those with an income of over $75,000.Conclusion SAD is lower in women than in men, in the general population as well as in the most socio-economic subgroups. Socio-economic correlates of SAD were similar in women and men.

scholarly journals Sagittal Abdominal Diameter and its Socioeconomic Correlates: Perspective of Sex Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Marcelline Harris ◽  
Dennis Tsilimingras ◽  
Sophia Liu ◽  
Ying Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
Anthropometric Index ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. The aims of this study are to examine the sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates. Methods A complex stratified multistage clustered sampling design was used to select 6,975 men and 7,079 women aged 18 years or more from the National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 2011-2016, representative of the US civilian non-institutionalized population. SAD was measured in accordance to the standard protocols using a two-arm abdominal caliper. The sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates were evaluated by performing weighted independent t tests and weighted multiple regression. Results SAD was lower in women than in men in the entire sample, as well as in all subgroups characterized by age, race, body mass index, birth place, and household income except for non-Hispanic blacks and those with household income < $20,000. Adjusted for other characteristics, SAD increased with age and body mass index for both women and men (p<.0001). Compared to white women, Asian women were associated with lower SAD (p=.018), and black women with higher SAD (p<.0001). Compared to white men, Hispanic and Asian men were associated with lower SAD (both p<.0001). Women born in other countries were more likely to have lower SAD than women born in the US (p<.0001), and so were men (p=.0118). Both women and men with a household income of <$75,000 had higher SAD than those with an income of over $75,000. Conclusion SAD is lower in women than in men, in the general population as well as in the most socio-economic subgroups. Socio-economic correlates of SAD were similar in women and men.

scholarly journals Sagittal Abdominal Diameter and its Socioeconomic Correlates: Perspective of Sex Differences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Li ◽  
Marcelline Harris ◽  
Dennis Tsilimingras ◽  
Sophia Liu ◽  
Ying Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Household Income ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ◽  
The Us ◽  
Asian Men

Abstract Background Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric measure of visceral adiposity. It remains unclear whether SAD and its socio-economic correlates differ in women and men, which limits the epidemiological and clinical applications of the SAD measurement. Methods A complex stratified multistage clustered sampling design was used to select 6,975 men and 7,079 women aged 18 years or more from the National Health Nutrition and Examination Survey 2011-2016, representative of the US civilian non-institutionalized population. SAD was measured in accordance to the standard protocols using a two-arm abdominal caliper. The sex differences in SAD and its socio-economic correlates were evaluated by performing weighted independent t tests and weighted multiple regression. Results SAD was lower in women than in men in the entire sample, as well as in all subgroups characterized by age, race, body mass index, birth place, and household income except for non-Hispanic blacks and those with household income < $20,000. Adjusted for other characteristics, SAD increased with age and body mass index for both women and men (p<.0001). Compared to white women, Asian women were associated with lower SAD (p=.018), and black women with higher SAD (p<.0001). Compared to white men, Hispanic and Asian men were associated with lower SAD (both p<.0001). Women born in other countries were more likely to have lower SAD than women born in the US (p<.0001), and so were men (p=.0118). Both women and men with a household income of <$75,000 had higher SAD than those with an income of over $75,000.Conclusion Women have lower SAD than men in the general population as well as in the most socio-economic subgroups. Socio-economic correlates of SAD were consistent in women and men.

Abstract MP32: Race-sex differences in hyperlipidemia awareness, treatment and control in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika M Safford ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Raegan Durant ◽  
Stephen Glasser ◽  
Christopher Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction: To identify potential targets for eliminating disparities in cardiovascular disease outcomes, we examined race-sex differences in awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidemia in the REGARDS cohort. Methods: REGARDS recruited 30,239 blacks and whites aged ≥45 residing in the 48 continental US between 2003-7. Baseline data were collected via telephone interviews followed by in-home visits. We categorized participants into coronary heart disease (CHD) risk groups (CHD or risk equivalent [highest risk]; Framingham Coronary Risk Score [FRS] >20%; FRS 10-20%; FRS <10%) following the 3 rd Adult Treatment Panel. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidemia were described across risk categories and race-sex groups. Multivariable models examined associations for hyperlipidemia awareness, treatment and control between race-sex groups compared with white men, adjusting for predisposing, enabling and need factors. Results: There were 11,677 individuals at highest risk, 847 with FRS >20%, 5791 with FRS 10-20%, and 10,900 with FRS<10%; 43% of white men, 29% of white women, 49% of black men and 43% of black women were in the highest risk category. More high risk whites than blacks were aware of their hyperlipidemia but treatment was 10-17% less common and control was 5-49% less common among race-sex groups compared with white men across risk categories. After multivariable adjustment, all race-sex groups relative to white men were significantly less likely to be treated or controlled, with the greatest differences for black women vs. white men (Table). Results were similar when stratified on CHD risk and area-level poverty tertile. Conclusion: Compared to white men at similar CHD risk, fewer white women, black men and especially black women who were aware of their hyperlipidemia were treated and when treated, they were less likely to achieve control, even after adjusting for factors that influence health services utilization.

scholarly journals Comparison in intersectional discrimination

Legal Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Atrey
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
South African ◽  
White Women ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
White Men ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
Strict Requirement ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThis article considers the use of comparison in establishing multi-ground claims of intersectional discrimination. Leading examples of test cases from the US and the UK exemplify the challenges in using comparison to establish discrimination against Black women, based on the grounds of both race and sex. These challenges include: the insistence on using a single mirror comparator (viz white men) or the difficulties in choosing multiple comparators from a range of options (viz white women, Asian women, Black men, white men etc); the missing rationale for the selection; and the unwieldiness in actually appreciating the nature of intersectional discrimination based on this exercise. To overcome these, Canadian courts have relaxed the strict requirement of necessarily resorting to comparison for proving discrimination and switched to the flexible approach. However, in practice, flexible approach appears as fastidious as strict comparison in its selection and use of comparators. Thus, neither of the two approaches has been too helpful in supporting intersectional claims. The article argues that instead, a useful way of proving intersectional discrimination is to follow the South African approach of making comparisons contextually: (i) between all relevant comparators, identified in reference to one, some, and all of the grounds or personal characteristics; and (ii) sifting through comparative evidence with the purpose of establishing similar and different patterns of group disadvantage which characterise the nature of intersectional discrimination. This approach brings both principle and purpose to employing comparison and can be especially useful in appreciating intersectional discrimination as based on multiple grounds.

Evidence of LPL gene-exercise interaction for body fat and LPL activity: the HERITAGE Family Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Garenc ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Jean Bergeron ◽  
Jacques Gagnon ◽  
Yvon C. Chagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
White Women ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat

Evidence of a gene-exercise interaction for traits related to body composition is limited. Here, the association between the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) S447X polymorphism and changes in body mass index, fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal visceral fat measured by computed tomography, and post-heparin plasma LPL activity in response to 20 wk of endurance training was investigated in 741 adult white and black subjects. Changes were compared between carriers and noncarriers of the X447 allele after adjustment for the effects of age and pretraining values. No evidence of association was observed in men. However, white women carrying the X447 allele exhibited greater reductions of body mass index ( P= 0.01), fat mass ( P = 0.01), and percent body fat ( P = 0.03); in black women, the carriers exhibited a greater reduction of abdominal visceral fat ( P = 0.05) and a greater increase in post-heparin LPL activity ( P = 0.02). These results suggest that the LPL S447X polymorphism influences the training-induced changes in body fat and post-heparin LPL activity in women but not in men.

scholarly journals Race by Sex Differences in Depression Symptoms and Psychosocial Service Use Among Non-Hispanic Black and White Patients With Lung Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Traeger ◽  
Sheila Cannon ◽  
Nancy L. Keating ◽  
William F. Pirl ◽  
Christopher Lathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Service Use ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Psychosocial Service ◽  
Black Patients

Purpose This study examined race by sex differences in depression symptoms and psychosocial service use (pastors, social workers, mental health workers, support groups) among patients with lung cancer. Patients and Methods The multiregional Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance study surveyed black and white adults with stages I to III lung cancer (n = 1,043) about depression symptoms, interest in help for mood, and psychosocial service use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate race/sex differences in depression symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥ 6) and psychosocial service use, independent of demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral covariates. Results A total of 18.2% screened positive for depression symptoms. This proportion was highest among black men (24.7%), followed by white women (20.6%), black women (15.8%), and white men (15.0%). In adjusted analyses, white women showed greater risk for depression symptoms relative to black women (P = .01) and white men (P = .002), with no other differences among groups. Black patients were less likely than white patients to receive desired help for mood from their doctors (P = .02), regardless of sex. Among all patients, black women were most likely to have contact with pastoral care and social work. Conclusion Race and sex interacted to predict risk of depression symptoms. Covariates accounted for elevated risk among black men. White women showed greater risk than black women and white men, independent of covariates. Black patients may experience greater barriers to receiving help for mood from their doctors. Race by sex differences in contact with psychosocial services highlight potential differences in the extent to which services are available, acceptable, and/or sought by patients.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN THE US CARDIA COHORT: FIXED-EFFECTS ASSOCIATIONS WITH SELF-REPORTED EXPERIENCES OF RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY J. CUNNINGHAM ◽  
LISA F. BERKMAN ◽  
ICHIRO KAWACHI ◽  
DAVID R. JACOBS ◽  
TERESA E. SEEMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
White Women ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Over Time

SummaryPrior studies examining the association between self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination and obesity have had mixed results and primarily been cross-sectional. This study tests the hypothesis that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts gains in waist circumference and body mass index in Black and White women and men over eight years. In race/ethnicity- and gender-stratified models, this study examined whether change in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination predicts changes in waist circumference and body mass index over time using a fixed-effects regression approach in SAS statistical software, providing control for both measured and unmeasured time-invariant covariates. Between 1992–93 and 2000–01, self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination decreased among 843 Black women (75% to 73%), 601 Black men (80% to 77%), 893 White women (30% to 23%) and 856 White men (28% to 23%). In fixed-effects regression models, controlling for all time-invariant covariates, social desirability bias, and changes in education and parity (women only) over time, an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination over time was significantly associated with an increase in waist circumference (β=1.09, 95% CI: 0.00–2.19, p=0.05) and an increase in body mass index (β=0.67, 95% CI: 0.19–1.16, p=0.007) among Black women. No associations were observed among Black men and White women and men. These findings suggest that an increase in self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may be associated with increases in waist circumference and body mass index among Black women over time.

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