Factors associated with chronic kidney disease in HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

Abstract Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem which poses a major health threat to people of poor countries who have HIV/AIDS and are on antiretroviral treatment. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa. Methods: A cohort of HIV+ terminal ill patients was retrospectively followed from 2010 to 2017 until chronic kidney disease was diagnosed or until the end of the observation period at two hospitals (Carolina and Embhuleni). Patient information was obtained from the routine hospitals’ records, and the data were analysed using logistic regression and survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier hazard functions and ratios, and log-rank tests) methods. Results: Out of a random sample of 357 HIV/AIDS patients, 53 patients (14.85%) had chronic kidney disease. The factors associated with chronic kidney disease were: Gender (p-value<0.0024); Age (p-value<0.0420); Baseline creatinine (p-value<0.0116); Baseline alanine transaminase (p-value<0.0111); Treatment regimen 1 (p-value<0.0001); ART adherence (poor, fair, good) (p-value<0.0005); Hospital (p-value<0.0001); and Lost to follow-up (ye, no) (p-value<0.0069). Discussion: Whilst antiretroviral treatment is associated with some improvement in virology and immunology in HIV-infected patients, research is still needed for the assessment of the impact of ART and other risk factors on renal function in marginalised communities in Africa. Conclusion: The research findings on HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality concurred with several previous research findings on risk factors to CKD. The expected action to alleviate the health threat due to CKD in South Africa is to educate the nation on prevention, early detection and on the management of the disease. The study established diverse baseline statistics against which future research may be based.

Download Full-text

Cox regression of factors associated with the onset of chronic kidney disease in HIV/AIDS patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-61124/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pepukai Bengura ◽

Principal Ndlovu ◽

Mulalo Annah Managa

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Cox Regression ◽

P Value ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Research Findings ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem which poses a major health threat to people of poor countries with HIV/AIDS and on antiretroviral treatment. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa. Methods: A cohort of HIV+ terminal ill patients was retrospectively followed from 2010 to 2017 until chronic kidney disease was diagnosed or until the end of the observation period at two hospitals (Carolina and Embhuleni). Patient information was obtained from the routine hospitals’ records, and the data were analysed using Cox regression and survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier hazard functions and ratios, and log-rank tests) methods. Results: Out of a random sample of 320 HIV/AIDS patients, 51 patients (15.9%) had chronic kidney disease. The factors associated with chronic kidney disease were: Gender (p-value=0.0356), Age (p-value=0.00077), Baseline creatinine (p-value=0.00253), Follow-up alanine transaminase (p-value=0.0152), ART treatments (p-value<0.00193) and Hospital (p-value=0.00258). Discussion: Whilst antiretroviral treatment is associated with some improvement in virology and immunology in HIV-infected patients, research is still needed for the assessment of the impact of ART and other risk factors on renal function in marginalised communities in Africa. Conclusion: The research findings on HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality concurred with several previous research findings on risk factors to CKD. The expected action to alleviate the health threat due to CKD in South Africa is to educate the nation on prevention, early detection and on the management of the disease.

Download Full-text

Cox regression of factors associated with the onset of chronic kidney disease in HIV/AIDS patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

10.21203/rs.3.rs-61124/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pepukai Bengura ◽

Principal Ndlovu ◽

Mulalo Annah Managa

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Cox Regression ◽

P Value ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Research Findings ◽

Hiv Aids

Download Full-text

Cox Regression of Factors Associated with the Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV/AIDS Patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

International Journal of Nephrology and Kidney Failure ◽

10.16966/2380-5498.212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bengura P ◽

Ndlovu P ◽

Managa MA

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Rural Community ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Major Health ◽

Poor Countries ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem that poses a major health threat to people of poor countries with HIV/AIDS and on antiretroviral treatment. The kidney disease tends to be aggravated by the setting in of COVID-19. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa.

Download Full-text

The Relationship between Demographic Status and Comorbid Disease with the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Cut Meutia Hospital, Aceh Utara Regency

Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.33258/birci.v3i3.1140 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 2090-2101

Author(s):

Anita Marlina ◽

Said Usman ◽

Yusni Yusni ◽

Maimun Syukri ◽

Hanifa Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Secondary Data ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Status ◽

The Republic ◽

The Relationship

This research aims to analyze the risk factors associated of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This research was conducted in Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia (RSUCM) North Aceh. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 39 Year 2009 regarding the prevention and control of disease not contagious is an attempt to improve the health of the community through activities promotive and preventive. This research is a cross sectional analytic research with a retrospective approach, this research is by searching the previous data. The data used in this study are secondary data at Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia (RSUCM), North Aceh Regency in 2019, which aims to analyze risk factors associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This research was conducted at Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia (RSUCM), North Aceh District from 8 to 9 June 2020. The population included in this study were all patients with chronic kidney disease who received treatment at the Cut Meutia General Hospital in North Aceh Regency for the period January - December 2019 as many as 640 people.There is a relationship between the status of the demographics on the gender with risk the occurrence of disease chronic kidney where p value 0,452. There is relationship between disease comorbid in hypertension with the risk of the occurrence of disease chronic kidney where p value by 0,000. The relationship between disease comorbid in diabetes risk the occurrence of disease chronic kidney where p value by 0,000.

Download Full-text

POS-495 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY AMONG CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS ON REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS PRESENTING IN EMERGENCY SERVICES

Kidney International Reports ◽

10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. S214

Author(s):

T.M. SHRESTHA ◽

P.N. Prasad ◽

L. Bhusal ◽

R.P. Neupane ◽

R. Ghimire

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Emergency Services ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Regular Hemodialysis

Download Full-text

Factors associated with prognostic or treatment outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients with and without hypertension in Eswatini

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92185-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sabelo Bonginkosi Dlamini ◽

Hans-Uwe Dahms ◽

Ming-Tsang Wu

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

P Value ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Large Hospital ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell Counts ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

Hiv Aids

AbstractNon-communicable diseases are increasing faster in HIV/AIDS patients than in the general population. We studied the association between hypertension and other possible confounding factors on viral load and CD4-cell counts in hypertensive and non-hypertensive HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a large hospital in Eswatini over a 4-year period. We performed a retrospective longitudinal review of the medical records of 560 ART patients divided into non-hypertension and hypertension groups (n = 325 and n = 235) from July 27 to September 8, 2018. Generalized Estimated Equation was used to analyze the longitudinal data. Hypertensive patients were more likely to have improved CD4-cell counts than non-hypertensive patients (OR = 1.83, [1.37–2.44]). ART patients with hypertension were more likely to have detectable viral loads, though not significant (OR = 1.37 [0.77–2.43]). In non-hypertensive patients, second line ART was significantly associated with viral load (OR = 8.61 [2.93–25.34]) and adverse side effects (OR = 3.50 [1.06–11.54]), while isoniazid preventive therapy was significantly associated with CD4-cell counts (OR = 1.68 [1.16–2.45]). In hypertensive patients, factors associated with viral load were WHO HIV stage (OR = 2.84 [1.03–7.85]) and adherence (OR = 8.08 [1.33–49.04]). In both groups, CD4-cell counts significantly and steadily increased over time (p-value < 0.001). Results show a significant association between hypertension and CD4 cell counts but not viral load. In ART patients with and without hypertension, the factors associated with prognostic markers were different. More attention may need to be paid to ART patients with well controlled HIV status to monitoring and controlling of hypertension status.

Download Full-text

Risk factors associated with valvular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Analysis of NEFRONA study

Nefrología (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.08.002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 337-346

Author(s):

Lidia Martínez Fernández ◽

J. Emilio Sánchez-Alvarez ◽

César Morís de la Tassa ◽

José Joaquín Bande Fernández ◽

Virtudes María ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Valvular Calcification ◽

Disease Analysis

Download Full-text

Factors associated to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among HIV/AIDS patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali

Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive ◽

10.24843/phpma.2017.v05.i01.p01 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Cok Istri Sri Dharma Astiti ◽

A.A Sagung Sawitri ◽

Tuti Parwati

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

First Line ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Art Initiation ◽

Risk Of Treatment ◽

Hiv Aids

Background and purpose: The incidence of first line ART failure is increasing in the South East Asia region. The main referral hospital in Bali has recorded an increased use of second line ART due to the first line ART failure. This study aims to explore risk factors associated to first line ART failure.Methods: A case control study was conducted among people living with HIV and AIDS at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar who started first line ART between 2004 and 2013. Cases were those who diagnosed as having clinical treatment failure and still on treatment in 2015. Controls were those with no treatment failure. Sex and year of ART initiation were matched between case and control. Data were obtained from medical records that include initial regiments, HIV mode of transmission, the WHO HIV clinical stage, CD4 count, opportunistic infections, body mass index, hemoglobin level, and drug substitution at the beginning and during treatment. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Out of 68 HIV/AIDS patients with clinical ART failure, 72.1% were confirmed with immunological and 36.8% were confirmed with virological failure. Median time before treatment failure was 3.5 years. Factors associated to ART failure were HIV clinical stage IV with (AOR=3.43; 95%CI=1.65-7.13) and being widow/widower (AOR=4.85; 95%CI=1.52-15.53). Patients with TB co-infection have a lower risk for treatment failure due to early diagnosis and treatment through TB-HIV program with (AOR=0.32; 95%CI=0.14-0.70).Conclusions: Higher HIV clinical stage at ART initiation increases the risk of treatment failure. HIV-TB co-infection indirectly reduces the risk of treatment failure.

Download Full-text