scholarly journals Cox regression of factors associated with the onset of chronic kidney disease in HIV/AIDS patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pepukai Bengura ◽  
Principal Ndlovu ◽  
Mulalo Annah Managa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem which poses a major health threat to people of poor countries with HIV/AIDS and on antiretroviral treatment. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa. Methods: A cohort of HIV+ terminal ill patients was retrospectively followed from 2010 to 2017 until chronic kidney disease was diagnosed or until the end of the observation period at two hospitals (Carolina and Embhuleni). Patient information was obtained from the routine hospitals’ records, and the data were analysed using Cox regression and survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier hazard functions and ratios, and log-rank tests) methods. Results: Out of a random sample of 320 HIV/AIDS patients, 51 patients (15.9%) had chronic kidney disease. The factors associated with chronic kidney disease were: Gender (p-value=0.0356), Age (p-value=0.00077), Baseline creatinine (p-value=0.00253), Follow-up alanine transaminase (p-value=0.0152), ART treatments (p-value<0.00193) and Hospital (p-value=0.00258). Discussion: Whilst antiretroviral treatment is associated with some improvement in virology and immunology in HIV-infected patients, research is still needed for the assessment of the impact of ART and other risk factors on renal function in marginalised communities in Africa. Conclusion: The research findings on HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality concurred with several previous research findings on risk factors to CKD. The expected action to alleviate the health threat due to CKD in South Africa is to educate the nation on prevention, early detection and on the management of the disease.

scholarly journals Cox regression of factors associated with the onset of chronic kidney disease in HIV/AIDS patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pepukai Bengura ◽  
Principal Ndlovu ◽  
Mulalo Annah Managa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem which poses a major health threat to people of poor countries with HIV/AIDS and on antiretroviral treatment. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa. Methods: A cohort of HIV+ terminal ill patients was retrospectively followed from 2010 to 2017 until chronic kidney disease was diagnosed or until the end of the observation period at two hospitals (Carolina and Embhuleni). Patient information was obtained from the routine hospitals’ records, and the data were analysed using Cox regression and survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier hazard functions and ratios, and log-rank tests) methods. Results: Out of a random sample of 320 HIV/AIDS patients, 51 patients (15.9%) had chronic kidney disease. The factors associated with chronic kidney disease were: Gender (p-value=0.0356), Age (p-value=0.00077), Baseline creatinine (p-value=0.00253), Follow-up alanine transaminase (p-value=0.0152), ART treatments (p-value<0.00193) and Hospital (p-value=0.00258). Discussion: Whilst antiretroviral treatment is associated with some improvement in virology and immunology in HIV-infected patients, research is still needed for the assessment of the impact of ART and other risk factors on renal function in marginalised communities in Africa. Conclusion: The research findings on HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality concurred with several previous research findings on risk factors to CKD. The expected action to alleviate the health threat due to CKD in South Africa is to educate the nation on prevention, early detection and on the management of the disease.

scholarly journals Factors associated with chronic kidney disease in HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEPUKAI BENGURA ◽  
Principal Ndlovu ◽  
Mulalo Annah Managa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem which poses a major health threat to people of poor countries who have HIV/AIDS and are on antiretroviral treatment. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa. Methods: A cohort of HIV+ terminal ill patients was retrospectively followed from 2010 to 2017 until chronic kidney disease was diagnosed or until the end of the observation period at two hospitals (Carolina and Embhuleni). Patient information was obtained from the routine hospitals’ records, and the data were analysed using logistic regression and survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier hazard functions and ratios, and log-rank tests) methods. Results: Out of a random sample of 357 HIV/AIDS patients, 53 patients (14.85%) had chronic kidney disease. The factors associated with chronic kidney disease were: Gender (p-value<0.0024); Age (p-value<0.0420); Baseline creatinine (p-value<0.0116); Baseline alanine transaminase (p-value<0.0111); Treatment regimen 1 (p-value<0.0001); ART adherence (poor, fair, good) (p-value<0.0005); Hospital (p-value<0.0001); and Lost to follow-up (ye, no) (p-value<0.0069). Discussion: Whilst antiretroviral treatment is associated with some improvement in virology and immunology in HIV-infected patients, research is still needed for the assessment of the impact of ART and other risk factors on renal function in marginalised communities in Africa. Conclusion: The research findings on HIV+ patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality concurred with several previous research findings on risk factors to CKD. The expected action to alleviate the health threat due to CKD in South Africa is to educate the nation on prevention, early detection and on the management of the disease. The study established diverse baseline statistics against which future research may be based.

scholarly journals Cox Regression of Factors Associated with the Onset of Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV/AIDS Patients in Albert Luthuli Municipality of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengura P ◽  
Ndlovu P ◽  
Managa MA
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Current research indicates that chronic kidney disease is a global problem that poses a major health threat to people of poor countries with HIV/AIDS and on antiretroviral treatment. The kidney disease tends to be aggravated by the setting in of COVID-19. In this study, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and the factors associated with it were investigated among the HIV/AIDS patients in a rural community of South Africa.

scholarly journals Factors associated with prognostic or treatment outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients with and without hypertension in Eswatini

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabelo Bonginkosi Dlamini ◽  
Hans-Uwe Dahms ◽  
Ming-Tsang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
P Value ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractNon-communicable diseases are increasing faster in HIV/AIDS patients than in the general population. We studied the association between hypertension and other possible confounding factors on viral load and CD4-cell counts in hypertensive and non-hypertensive HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a large hospital in Eswatini over a 4-year period. We performed a retrospective longitudinal review of the medical records of 560 ART patients divided into non-hypertension and hypertension groups (n = 325 and n = 235) from July 27 to September 8, 2018. Generalized Estimated Equation was used to analyze the longitudinal data. Hypertensive patients were more likely to have improved CD4-cell counts than non-hypertensive patients (OR = 1.83, [1.37–2.44]). ART patients with hypertension were more likely to have detectable viral loads, though not significant (OR = 1.37 [0.77–2.43]). In non-hypertensive patients, second line ART was significantly associated with viral load (OR = 8.61 [2.93–25.34]) and adverse side effects (OR = 3.50 [1.06–11.54]), while isoniazid preventive therapy was significantly associated with CD4-cell counts (OR = 1.68 [1.16–2.45]). In hypertensive patients, factors associated with viral load were WHO HIV stage (OR = 2.84 [1.03–7.85]) and adherence (OR = 8.08 [1.33–49.04]). In both groups, CD4-cell counts significantly and steadily increased over time (p-value < 0.001). Results show a significant association between hypertension and CD4 cell counts but not viral load. In ART patients with and without hypertension, the factors associated with prognostic markers were different. More attention may need to be paid to ART patients with well controlled HIV status to monitoring and controlling of hypertension status.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors Among HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 591-599
Author(s):  
Gizachew Ayele Manaye ◽  
Dejene Derseh Abateneh ◽  
Wondwossen Niguse
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Hepcidin and GDF-15 are potential biomarkers of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishatu Muhammad Nalada ◽  
Gbenga Olorunfemi ◽  
Therese Dix-Peek ◽  
Caroline Dickens ◽  
Lungile Khambule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diagnostic Validity ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Ckd Stage

Abstract Background Anaemia is a common presenting feature among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is associated with poor clinical outcomes and quality of life. It is not clear if growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) or hepcidin are useful as early markers of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among non-dialysis CKD patients. We therefore evaluated the diagnostic validity of GDF-15 and hepcidin as biomarkers of IDA among non-dialysis CKD patients in Johannesburg, South Africa. Method An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted among non-dialysis CKD patients (n=312) and apparently healthy controls (n=184) from June to December 2016 at an Academic Hospital, in Johannesburg, South Africa. An interviewer administered proforma was used to obtain the Socio-biological and clinical characteristics of the participants. Serum levels of GDF-15 and hepcidin were determined Predictive logistic regression models were built and post estimation receiver operator characteristics was determined to evaluate diagnostic validity of hepcidin and GDF-15 for absolute and functional iron deficiency anaemia. Results About half (50.6%) of the participants were female while the participants’ mean age was 49.7 ±15.8 years. The predictive value of diagnosing absolute IDA among CKD patients using GDF-15 was 74.02% (95% CI: 67.62% - 80.42%) while the predictive value of diagnosing functional IDA among CKD patients using hepcidin was 70.1% (95% CI: 62.79% - 77.49%).There was a weak negative correlation between hepcidin levels and GFR (r=-0.19, p=0.04) in anaemic CKD patients, and between serum GDF-15 and haemoglobin (r=-0.34, p=0.001). Serum ferritin (β=0.00389, P-value<0.001), was a predictor of log hepcidin. MCHC (β= -0.0220, P-value 0.005) and CKD stage (β=0.4761, P-value <0.001), race (β = 0.3429, P-value = 0.018) were predictors of log GDF-15. Both GDF-15 (adj OR: 1.0003, 95%CI: 1.0001 – 1.0005, P=0.017) and hepcidin (adj OR: 1.003, 95%CI: 1.0004 – 1.0055, P=0.023) were associated with iron deficiency anaemia after multiple linear regression modelling.Conclusion Serum GDF-15 is a potential biomarker of absolute IDA, while hepcidin levels can predict functional IDA among CKD patients.

scholarly journals Depression among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Attending ART Clinics at Aksum Town, Aksum, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhe Beyene Gebrezgiabher ◽  
Teklehaymanot Huluf Abraha ◽  
Etsay Hailu ◽  
Hailay Siyum ◽  
Getachew Mebrahtu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Depression is consistently associated with increased risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and poor antiretroviral treatment adherence. Though many factors have been reported as determinant factors of depression, site-specific evidence is needed to identify factors associated with depression among adults on antiretroviral treatment. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was carried out from March to May 2015 among 411 adults HIV/AIDS patients on ART clinic follow-up. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected using chart review and interviewer- administered techniques. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to compute the statistical test associations by SPSS version-20. Variables with p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. Four hundred eleven patients with a mean age ± Standard Deviation of 36.1±9.2 years and with a total response rate of 97.6% were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of depression was 14.6% (95% CI, 10.90-18.2). Factors independently associated with depression were nonadherence to ART, eating two meals per day or less, having side effect of ART medication, being in the WHO Stage II or above of HIV/AIDS, and living alone with AOR (95% CI) of 3.3 (1.436, 7.759), 2.8 (1.382, 5.794), 4.7 (1.317, 16.514), 2.8 (0.142, 0.786), and 2.4 (1.097, 5.429), respectively. Conclusion. Though the magnitude of depression was found relatively low, it was commonly observed as a mental health problem among adult patients with HIV/AIDS on ART. Programs on counseling and close follow-up of adherence to ART, drug side effects, and nutrition should be strengthened. Health facilities should link adult patients with HIV/AIDS who live alone to governmental and nongovernmental social supporter organizations.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Demographic Status and Comorbid Disease with the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Cut Meutia Hospital, Aceh Utara Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2090-2101
Author(s):  
Anita Marlina ◽  
Said Usman ◽  
Yusni Yusni ◽  
Maimun Syukri ◽  
Hanifa Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to analyze the risk factors associated of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This research was conducted in Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia (RSUCM) North Aceh. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 39 Year 2009 regarding the prevention and control of disease not contagious is an attempt to improve the health of the community through activities promotive and preventive. This research is a cross sectional analytic research with a retrospective approach, this research is by searching the previous data. The data used in this study are secondary data at Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia (RSUCM), North Aceh Regency in 2019, which aims to analyze risk factors associated with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). This research was conducted at Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia (RSUCM), North Aceh District from 8 to 9 June 2020. The population included in this study were all patients with chronic kidney disease who received treatment at the Cut Meutia General Hospital in North Aceh Regency for the period January - December 2019 as many as 640 people.There is a relationship between the status of the demographics on the gender with risk the occurrence of disease chronic kidney where p value 0,452. There is relationship between disease comorbid in hypertension with the risk of the occurrence of disease chronic kidney where p value by 0,000. The relationship between disease comorbid in diabetes risk the occurrence of disease chronic kidney where p value by 0,000.

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